Izifo ezithathelwanayo: uhlu izimpawu, ukwelashwa, zokuvimbela

Phakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule, abantu uye baphumelele abanye ekulweni nezifo ezithile. Kodwa, kwacaca ukuthi, ekuqaleni ukugubha ekunqobeni kokugcina phezu isishayo izifo ezithathelwanayo. Uhlu izihloko kuka 1,200, futhi avuselelwe zikhathi nalesi sifo eyayisanda kutholakala.

Kanjani ukufunda izifo ezithathelwanayo

isifo IMisa ezaziwayo kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Kunobufakazi bokuthi ngisho ku 5th ekhulwini BC zefilosofi futhi odokotela okusolakala ukuba khona ezinye ezincane, ayibonakali iso eziphilayo ebangela izifo uyayibonisa yini ebonakala ekusakazekeni ngokushesha kanye nokushona okusezingeni eliphezulu. Nokho, NgeNkathi Ephakathi, imibono izinto sasizikhohlwa, futhi kwagqashuka izifo mass ngenxa kuphela isijeziso sikaNkulunkulu. Kodwa ukuthi iziguli kumele kube kuleto tindzawo, futhi abhubhise izinto ezithelelekile izakhiwo kanye izidumbu, sasazi kakade.

Ulwazi efunde kancane kancane, futhi phakathi nekhulu le-19 kwaphawulwa ukuzalwa isayensi yamagciwane. Khona-ke babe amanxusa evulekile izifo eziningi: i-anthrax, ikholera, isifo, isifo sofuba kanye nabanye. Izifo ezithathelwanayo kusukela 'idla yodwa eqenjini ehlukile.

amagama

Igama elithi "ukutheleleka" ngesiLatini kusho "ukungcola", "ubovu." Njengoba umqondo begazi, leli gama libhekisela kwema- ezincane isifo lwegciwane e eziphilayo ephakeme. Lokhu kungaba umuntu noma isilwane noma isitshalo. iqala Landelayo ukuxhumana phakathi silwanyana futhi izinhlelo micro egeleza Yiqiniso, hhayi todvwa kodwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zemvelo. Lena inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu begazi, walibiza esithathelwanayo. Ngenxa yalokhu macroorganism ukuxhumana noma kudedelwa ngokuphelele kusukela lwegciwane, noma efa. Ifomu, esizibonakalisa inqubo ezithathelwanayo - lesi sifo ethize ezithathelwanayo.

Common izifo ezithathelwanayo izici

Mayelana ekuqaleni nezifo ezithelelwanayo angase azithole ongathi, uma, ngemuva komhlangano we lwegciwane kanye lesi silwanyana, ikakhulukazi umuntu, kukhona ukwephula zokugcina zokuphila imisebenzi, izimpawu zibonakala nokwenyuka omzimba titer kwenzeka egazini. Kukhona nezinye izinhlobo izinqubo ezithathelwanayo: Izindleko zenkampani yenethiwekhi enempilo igciwane ebukhoneni amasosha omzimba noma amasosha omzimba yemvelo ngokwemvelo kulesi sifo, izifo ezingelapheki, ukutheleleka kancane.

Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi kwabathile konke liqala ngala ezithathelwanayo isifo Amagciwane, Amagciwane, zikhona nezinye izici ezibonisa ezivamile kubo. Izifo ezihlala abanaso, ukuthi uyakwazi angadluliselwa lomuntu onegciwane noma isilwane empilweni. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, kungase kubangele kubhubhane kanye isifo esiwubhadane, okungukuthi mass ukusabalala kwesifo, futhi lena ibe usongo olukhulu kakhulu umphakathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifo ezithelelanayo, uhlu zazo zingatholakala kunoma iyiphi bhukulwazi yezokwelapha, njalo zenzeka ngemijikelezo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokulandelana zinkathi kuchaziwe inqubo isifo ngesikhathi: inkathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni, isigaba sayo yonke le kokumethemba lesi sifo, ngesikhathi ukuphakama isifo, inkathi recession futhi, ekugcineni, esikhathini yokutakula.

Isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni kungekho ukubonakaliswa emitholampilo namanje akanawo. He is mfushane ngaphandle Amagciwane ngenhla nokuningi umthamo yayo, futhi zingaba phakathi kwamahora ambalwa futhi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa noma iminyaka. Harbingers zesifo - lena izimpawu ezivamile futhi kunalokho ongezwakali okuyinto ukusola nzima isifo esithile ezithathelwanayo. Ejwayelekile ngoba maximal ukubonakaliswa ngeziguli isinyathelo ukuphakama isifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo uqala bayobuna, kodwa kwabanye izifo ezithathelwanayo libhekene ngangibuye ngihluleke.

Esinye isici eqondile ezifweni ezithathelwanayo ukwakheka ngesikhathi isifo somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni.

ejenti ezithathelwanayo

ejenti ezithathelwanayo kukhona amagciwane kanye nesikhunta. Isingeniso esidlule pathogen ngempumelelo, omunye umhlangano macro- kanye micro-umzimba akwanele. Kuyadingeka ukugcwalisa kwezimo ezithile. Lokubaluleke kakhulu yisimo langempela lesi silwanyana nezinhlelo zawo zokuphepha.

Kuningi incike pathogenicity we lwegciwane. Okunqumayo degree of virulence (virulence) a silwanyana, toxigenic yayo (aka - ikhono ukukhiqiza ubuthi) nolaka. zezemvelo futhi idlala indima enkulu.

Ukwahlukanisa izifo ezithathelwanayo

Okokuqala, izifo ezithathelwanayo kungenziwa ihlelwe kuncike lwegciwane. Ngokuvamile, izifo angawodwa viral, amagciwane kanye fungal. Eceleni isehlane chlamydial, mycoplasmal, rickettsial, izifo spirochetal, nakuba i-chlamydia kanye mycoplasma futhi rickettsia, futhi spirochetes bangabanye embusweni kwamagciwane. Amagciwane - lena cishe Amagciwane ezivamile. Nokho, ama-bacterium kungabangela ezihlukahlukene izifo. Phakathi edume kunazo - ezifana namathansela, meningitis, ikholera, isifo, yebhaktheriya, isifo sofuba nomhlathi-ngqi. Ngu izifo ezithathelwanayo fungal, noma izifo fungal zihlanganisa candidiasis, tinea, onychomycosis, umbandamu.

Izifo ezivame kakhulu ezithathelwanayo ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka endaweni ka kwasendaweni kwamagciwane esekelwe indlela yabo yokudlulisela, kodwa kumayelana lezo zifo leyentiwa kumuntu nomuntu. Ngenxa yalokho, walulama izifo emathunjini ezithathelwanayo wadluliselwa umzila fecal-setemlomo (ukutheleleka astroviral, uvendle, ikholera, typhoid fever). Kube ezithathelwanayo engenhla zokuphefumula ipheshana isifo. Inqubo ukutheleleka libizwa droplet (SARS, idiphtheria, scarlet fever, umkhuhlane). Izifo ezithathelwanayo esakwazi okwasekhaya egazini futhi wadluliselwa ukulunywa yizinambuzane, futhi izindlela zokwelapha. Sikhuluma imijovo ukumpontshelwa igazi. Lezi zihlanganisa i-hepatitis B, isifo, typhus. Kukhona futhi izifo zangaphandle ezithinta isikhumba mucosa futhi wadluliselwa contact.

Ngo ukuvela uhlobo ejenti ezithathelwanayo ngamunye ukuhlanganisa ATRIUM yayo. Ngakho, eziningi nezilwanyana ezincane lwangena ngokusebenzisa nolwelwesi lwamafinyila yaleli pheshana yokuphefumula, nezinye - ngokusebenzisa ipheshana wokugaya ukudla, ipheshana zangasese. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi, ukuthi lwegciwane esifanayo uyakwazi ukungena emzimbeni womuntu ngesikhathi esifanayo ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B idluliselwa ngegazi, kusuka kumama kuya enganeni futhi contact.

Ngokuqondene imithombo okutheleleka, le anthroponoses ukuhlukanisa uma isifo livela indoda, futhi zoonoses, lapho izilwane kukhona abathwali ukutheleleka. Mangisho ukuthi ejenti zoonotic nabo umzimba womuntu esikhathini esizayo imvelo ngeke zime, ngakho ukushuba ukusabalala kwezifo zoonotic kuyinto ephansi kakhulu kunalokho anthroponoses. Zoonoses zihlanganisa isifo brucellosis, botulism, isifo, tularemia, amarabi, umbendeni, unyawo nezifo umlomo, ngqi. Ukuze zoonoses isici, njengoba umthetho, eziningana izindlela yokudlulisela.

Kukhona izindawo ezintathu ezinkulu ezithathelwanayo. Kuyinto umzimba womuntu, izilwane kanye nemvelo ezingaphili - umhlabathi namanzi.

Izimpawu kwezifo ezithathelwanayo

izimpawu ezivamile kwezifo ezithathelwanayo zihlanganisa ukucobeka, ikhanda elibuhlungu, pallor, Ukugodola, imisipha ezidabukile, imfiva, ngezinye izikhathi - isicanucanu nokuhlanza, kanye nesifo sohudo. Ngaphezu jikelele, kukhona izimpawu ukuthi zibhekene ngqo isifo esisodwa. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho ukuqubuka kwezifo meningococcal sicaciselwe kakhulu.

ukuhlola

Njengoba for ukuxilongwa, kumele kusekelwe balifundisise nokuqondakalayo isiguli. Lolu cwaningo kuhlanganisa ucwaningo enemininingwane futhi olubanzi kwezitho izinhlelo wokuhlola kanye nokuhlaziywa kudingekile nemiphumela laboratory. ekuhlonzweni kwezifo ezithathelwanayo kuyinto nobunzima obuthile, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukwelashwa esifike ngesikhathi ezanele isiguli kanye inhlangano izinyathelo.

ukwelashwa

In the ukwelashwa kwezifo ezifana izifo njengoba ezithathelwanayo, okuyinto uhlu ngakho awesomely olubanzi, lakhomba inani izindawo. Okokuqala, izinyathelo oluhlose ukunciphisa umsebenzi pathogen kanye neutralization ubuthi bayo. Ngenxa yale njongo antibiotic, bacteriophages, interferon kanye nezinye izindlela.

Okwesibili, kubalulekile ukuba siqinise umzimba ozivikela, elokusebenzisa izidakamizwa immunomodulatory namavithamini. Ukwelashwa kumelwe nakanjani babe eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kubalulekile kulesetayelekile umsebenzi kahle kwezitho izinhlelo isifo. Kunoma ikuphi, le ndlela yokwelapha kufanele inake wonke izici ngamunye isiguli kanye inkambo yokugula kwakhe.

zokuvimbela

Ukuze uzivikele kanjani wena nomndeni wakho kusukela songo njengoba izifo ezithathelwanayo, ehlanganisa uhlu izifo Lokudabuka viral, amagciwane kanye fungal, kufanele bazazi zokwehlukanisa, lokugoma, eqinisa izivikeli mzimba. Futhi ngezinye izikhathi, ukuzilondoloza, kusukela ekuthelelekeni, ukugcinwa ngokwanele imithetho zokucathula inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu.