Isifo leishmaniasis: izimpawu, ukwelashwa, izithombe

Ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba nasezindaweni ezishisayo, akuyona into engavamile ukuthola i-leishmaniasis. Lesi sifo sidluliselwa kumuntu ngokusebenzisa ukukhala okumangqamu. I-agent ye-causative yesifo yilona elula kakhulu ye-Leishmania genus. Lesi sifo sibhaliswe emazweni angu-88, angu-72 asathuthuka.

Incazelo emfushane

Phila futhi uthuthukise i-leishmania emzimbeni womuntu noma ezilwaneni ezihlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile zitholakala ezimpungushe, izimpungushe, izinja, ezinye izinduku. Kuze kube manje, akukho ulwazi ngesikhathi sokutheleleka kwezilwane nabantu. Kukhona eyodwa kuphela eyaziwa. Uma kunesifo esibandayo esikhumbeni noma egazini, khona-ke umlindi ungumthombo wokutheleleka.

Kuyingozi kakhulu labo abahlala emzimbeni we-leishmania. Bahlala esitezini, isibindi. Ngezinye izikhathi izimpungushe zihlala emnothweni wethambo. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, isifo esinjalo akuyona nje isishayo somuntu. Ngokuvamile i-leishmaniasis etholakala ezinja, ama-rodents asekhaya.

Isizinda semlando

I-Leishmaniasis yatholwa yi-PF Borovsky ngo-1898. Ngemva kokuthola ama-parasites emigqumeni ye-Pendin ulcer, udokotela waqala ukuwachaza. Yingakho lesi sifo "isifo sikaBorovsky" sibizwa nangokuthi i-leishmaniasis. Ngokuphawulekayo kamuva, i-pathogen izokwabiwa kuhlobo oluthile olwenziwe i-Leishmania. Futhi indlela yokudluliselwa kwezifo yasungulwa kuphela ngo-1921.

Namuhla, i-leishmaniasis yisifo esingavamile, esingasenwe yodwa kuphela emazweni ashisayo, ama-subtropics.

Iyini i-parasite?

Isifo esivame kakhulu yi-leishmaniasis cutaneous. I-agent ye causative yesifo yi-leishmania. Akunakwenzeka ukucabangela i-parasite ngeso elimele. Ubukhulu bayo buncane kakhulu. Ubude be-leishmania bungaba ngu-3 μm. I-parasite inomumo oyindilinga noma oval, phakathi kwayo kukhona i-nucleus. Ngaphambili kwe-leishmania iqukethe i-flagella, ingxenye engezansi i-blepharoplast.

I-parasite idla ngokuqukethwe kwamaseli ezilwane, abantu. I-protozoa yanda ngokufiphaza. Ngaphambi kwe-flagella. Ngakho uqala inqubo yokukhiqiza, okuholela ekutheleleni komzimba.

Izindlela zokwabiwa

Lesi sifo sithunyelwa kalula. Lolu hlelo lulula. Izinambuzane, ngokushaya umuntu othelelekile noma isilwane, ukudlulisa ama-parasites emzimbeni onempilo. Ngemva kwesikhashana, isiguli sitholwa sine-leishmaniasis.

Kunezinkulungwane ezingamashumi ezinhlobo zezilwane ezaziwa ukuthi zibangelwa izifo. Cishe ezingamashumi amabili zazo zibeka ingozi empilweni yabantu. Ngokuvame kakhulu kubangelwa ukuthi i-leishmaniasis ibe neyodwa. Iqiniso lokuthi ama-parasite awanandaba ne-antibacterial therapy ayinkimbinkimbi yokwelashwa kwesifo.

Abathwali balesi sifo bangumunyane. Emva kokulunywa komuntu onegciwane, izinambuzane zithole igciwane. Futhi ngesonto elilandelayo bawumthombo wesifo. Lezi zinambuzane ze-bloodsucking zithinta isiguli ngesimo esinqunyiwe sesifo. Umzimba womuntu ungaveza ama-antibodies. Uma esulile kuleli fomu, isiguli sinomkhuhlane ohlala njalo kulesi sifo.

Nge-leishmaniasis encane, lesi sifo singasakazwa kuphela ngegazi emlonyeni. Inambuzane ingathatheka igciwane elitholakalayo.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-pathology

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zezifo:

1. I-Leishmaniasis enemibala. Lesi sifo sibonakala ku-foci enkulu yama-papules avezwe.
2. I-Leishmaniasis isikhumba somzimba. Isifo esinjalo sibonakala izilonda emagqumeni omuncu emlonyeni, emphinjeni, ekhaleni.
3. I-Leishmaniasis visceral. Leli fomu litholakala uma i-leishmania ingena emikhumbi ye-lymphatic. Ngokugeleza kwamanzi kuyasakazeka kuwo wonke umzimba. Thinta izitho zangaphakathi. Ngokuyinhloko yi-spleen, amaphaphu, inhliziyo, isibindi. Leli fomu alinakho ikhono lokufaka isifo sokuzivikela esizayo esikhathini esizayo.

Ukuboniswa okucacile kwesifo se-Leishmaniasis, esitholakala ngezansi. Kubonisa uhlobo oluthile lwesifo.

I-pathology ehlukene, kuye ngokuthi ngubani owayengumthombo kanye nomthombo wokutheleleka. Ngakho-ke, i-leishmaniasis enezinhlanzi ezinobuthi kanye ne-visceral ingaba nezinhlobo ezimbili:

• Anthroponous - umthombo wesifo ngumuntu;
• Zoonotic - i-agent causative yesifo sidlula ezilwaneni.

Izimpawu zefomu le-visceral

Izinga le fomu yenkathi yokufaka isikhathi eside. Kusukela ngesikhathi sokutheleleka kuze kube yilapho izibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo zingadlula ezinsukwini ezingu-20 kuya ezinyangeni ezingu-5. I-leishmaniasis ye-visceral iqala kancane. Izimpawu eziteshini zokuqala zimi kanje:

• Ubunzima obukhulu;
• I-Pallor yesikhumba;
• Nciphisa isifiso sokudla kuze kube yilapho engekho ngokuphelele;
• I-spleen yanda kancane;
• Ukuphazamiseka kuphawulwe;
• Ukushisa komzimba kuphakama (okungenani u-38 C).

Ukuqhubeka kwesifo kubonakala ngokufaka izimpawu ezintsha. Imizamo engahlosiwe yokwelashwa ikhulisa i-leishmaniasis. Izimpawu kubantu zimi kanje:

1. Ukushisa okuphawulekayo kwanda (kufinyelela ku-40 C). Lesi sici sinomlingiswa we-wavy. Isiguli sishintsha ne-hyperthermia evamile.
2. Isikhukhula. Lesi sibonakaliso senzeke lapho i-apparatus yokulimaza ilimele.
3. Ama- lymph nodes ekhulisiwe . Kuvezwe ekuhlolweni. Ukwanda kuphawulwe eduze kwezitho ezithintekayo.
4. Ubuhlungu besibindi, ubhedu ngesikhathi sokulunywa. Kukhona ukwanda okukhulu kulezi zitho.

Uma ungaqali ukulwa ne-pathology, i-leishmaniasis iyaqhubeka. Ukwelashwa kunzima kakhulu. Isimo sesiguli siyaqhubeka sibi kakhulu:

• Ukhathala kwesiguli;
• Ubhere buba lukhulu;
• Ubuso besikhumba bomile, bubala kakhulu;
• Isizungu esivamile;
• Kukhona ukuvuvukala emilenzeni;
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo kwehla;
• Umthamo wesisu usanda (uketshezi uqoqa emgodini wesisu);
• Ukuhuda kwesisu kwenzeka;
• I-potency enobudlova.

Isigaba sokugcina sibonakala ngethoni encishisiwe emisipha, ukubonakala kokukhukhumeza komzimba wonke, ama-code caps aphukile. Ngenxa yalokho, isiguli siyafa.

Ngezinye izikhathi inkinga engapheliyo ye-pathology iyatholakala. Cishe akukho zibonakaliso zesifo. Umtholampilo onjalo uyabonakala uma ukuhlwanyela kwezitho zangaphakathi nge-leishmania kuyinto encane.

Izimpawu zokukhubazeka okwenziwe kabi

Leli fomu livame ukubhaliswa eSaudi Arabia, e-Afghanistan, eBrazil, eSiriya, e-Iran, ePeru. Isikhathi sokugxila singadlulela ezinsukwini ezingu-10 kuya ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5.

Esikhathini sokuqala esiqongweni sesikhumba kunesakhiwo, isici sokulunywa kwesinambuzane. Kule ndawo nesikhathi sokuvuthwa, okubonakala sengathi kufana nesifo sofuba, sakhiwa. Ukuhlukaniswa kwalendawo kubangela ukuhlukumeza okubuhlungu. Ngemuva kweviki elilodwa noma amabili maphakathi ne-tubercle kukhona indawo yezicubu ezifile - i-necrosis. Le ndawo inombala omnyama. Ngokushesha idlula isilonda. Kusukela maphakathi nesilonda kuyinto liquid obomvu liquid - pus.

I-tubercles yesibili iqala ukuvela eduze nesilonda esiyinhloko. Ukuthola ukuma kwesilonda, ekugcineni bahlangane. Esinye isilonda esikhulu siba phezu kwesikhumba.

Ama-lymph nodes esifundazweni angase akhuliswe ekuxilongweni "kwesifo seBorovsky". I-leishmaniasis encane ibonakala ngokuphulukiswa kwamanxeba ezinyangeni ezingu-2-6. Noma kunjalo, izibazi zihlala kusayithi lezilonda.

Ngakho-ke, izimpawu eziyinhloko zezinkinga zokukhubazeka zingezansi:

• Ukubukeka kwama-tubercles - leishmaniom;
• Ukubhujiswa kwesikhumba esakhiweni se-tubercle;
• Ukuveza;
• Ukuphulukiswa okulimazayo nokubunjwa kobunzima.

Okuphawulekayo kwe-mucosa encane

Lolu hlobo lwesifo sofuzo ekubonakalisweni kwalo alufani neze nokukhubazeka kwesilonda. Umehluko kuphela ukusabalala kwe-pathology kuya embranini emangcwabeni eseduze.

I-parasite etholakala eNew World ibangela leli fomu. I-skin-mucous pathology ekuqaleni ifana nokulunywa kwesilwane. Ngemuva kwalokho, iziguli zinezinambuzane ezinamaqanda. Ngezinye izikhathi ukugula kuguqula ubuso.

Ngalesi sifo, izimpawu ezilandelayo zengezwa ku-symptomatology echazwe ngenhla ye-leishmaniasis enesisindo:

• Coryza;
• Ukungqubuzana kwe-nasal ;
• Kunzima ukugwinya;
• Ukuphuma kwegazi;
• Ukweshukela kanye nezilonda emlonyeni (ezindebe, izinsini, ulimi);
• Izilonda emgodleni wezintambo.

Odokotela bahlukanisa izinhlobo ezimbili zezinkinga zalolu fomu. Uma ukutheleleka kokubili kufaka le nsizi, isiguli singase sibe nesifo se-pneumonia. Uma kwenzeka ukusetshenziswa kwezitho zokuphefumula, umphumela obulalayo kungenzeka.

Ukuxilongwa kwesifo

Emazweni lapho lesi sifo sande khona, iziguli ezihlanganisa izimpawu zomtholampilo nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kulindeleke ukuba ibe ne-leishmaniasis.

Esinye isiguli siyadingeka ukuba sithole ukuhlolwa kokugcina kwezicubu ngaphansi kwe-microscope ngenhloso yokuthola izidumbu, noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuvumela ukuthi kutholakale ama-antibodies. Eyaziwa ngemithi yilapho isivivinyo sesikhumba esibizwa ngokuthi "ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba esimnyama". Ucwaningo olwenziwe alupheleli, ngakho-ke ukutholakala kwesifo akusoze kwenziwa.

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izifo eziningi zingenza ukulahlekelwa isisindo, umkhuhlane, ukwanda kwezitho, umonakalo wesikhumba. Izifo eziningi zingalingisa izimpawu ze-leishmaniasis. Lezi yi-typhoid fever, i-malaria, isifo se-Chagas, i-toxoplasmosis, isifo sofuba, i-syphilis, i-histoplasmosis. Ngakho-ke, ukuxilongwa kokugcina kungenziwa kuphela ngokuqeda ezinye izifo.

Uma kusolakala ukuthi i-leishmaniasis, ukuxilongwa okuncane kuqala ngokuqoqwa ngokucophelela kwe-anamnesis ye-epidemiological. Ukuthi ukuhlala kwesiguli endaweni eyaziwa ngezifo zesifo kunqunywa.

Ihlaziya ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kanje:

• Ukuhlolwa kwezinto ezithathwe ezilonda nasezikhunjini;
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi (ngokusho kukaRomanovsky-Giemsa);
• I-Bone marrow;
• Ukuphika kwesibindi, i-lymph nodes, i-spleen;
• Ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziphilayo;
• Ukusabela kwe-serological (ELISA, DSC).

Izindlela zokwelapha

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ama-antibiotics ekwelapheni kwe-pathology awasebenzi. Zibekiwe kuphela esimweni esisodwa - uma ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya kujoyina i-leishmaniasis. Ngezifo ezahlukene zesifo, izindlela zabo zokulwa nesifo zikhethiwe. Uma isiguli sithola ukuthi sinesifo se-leishmaniasis, ukwelashwa kusekelwe ekusebenziseni imithi yendawo. Ifomu le-visceral idinga uchungechunge lwemijovo.

Izifo ezenzeka ngesimo esibuhlungu azidingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Ukugula okunjalo kudlula isikhathi esithile ngokuzimela. Akashiyi imiphumela engathandeki.

Uma isiguli sinesisindo sokuzivikela esiphansi, impela imisiwe yokwelapha okwelashwa. Ngoba lesi sifo sinzima kakhulu. Ukungabikho kwezinyathelo ezidinga ukwelashwa kubhekene nemiphumela emibi kwesiguli, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuyingozi.

Isifo esivela ngesimo esibi sikhombisa ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa. Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, isiguli sisusiwe esitezini.

Ukwelashwa kwe-pathology encane

Izindlela zokulwa nazo zixhomeke kufomu, isigaba kanye nenkambo yezokwelapha ezifana ne-leishmaniasis. Ukwelashwa kungafaka izindlela ezilandelayo:

• Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa;
• Indlela yokuhlinzwa;
• Izinqubo zePhysiotherapeutic;
• I-Chemotherapy.

Indlela yokuhlinza isetshenziswa uma kunesilonda esisodwa esincane phezu kwesikhumba. Lesi silonda senziwe ngokusebenzayo.

Ngezinhloso zokwelashwa, amasu aphikisana nawo angasetshenziswa:

• Ukuqedwa kwe-pathology nge-laser;
• I-cryodestruction - indawo yokulimala ibhujiswa ngamakhaza;
• Ukwelashwa kwamanje - electrocoagulation.

Izindlela ezinkulu zokwelashwa zihlangene nezidakamizwa ezilwa nokulwa nokulwa nokuvuvukala.

Imithi isekelwe kulezi zidakamizwa ezilandelayo:

1. "Metronidazole." Inkambo yokwelapha ivame cishe izinsuku ezingu-10. Isidakamizwa sithathwa ngokuphindaphindiwe kathathu ngosuku. Isilinganiso esisodwa singama 250 mg.
2. Imithi ye-antimony evezayo. Ngokuvamile lezi yizilungiselelo: "Solyusurmin", "Glucuktim". Zibhalwe ngokungasebenzi kahle kwesidakamizwa esithi "Metronidazole", esetshenziselwa izinsuku ezingu-2-3. Le mithi ilawulwa ngekhanda kanye ne-intramuscularly. Umthamo ophakanyisiwe ngu-400-600 mg wemithi ngosuku.
3. "Pentamidine." Leli remedy yisidakamizwa esizikhethelayo. Isetshenziswa kabili ngeviki ngo-2-4 mg / kg.
4. I-antiseptic yendawo, amafutha okubulala amagciwane. Bahlanza izindawo ezithintekile. Ukuphumelela kwezifo ezinjalo "i-Monomycin", "i-Gramicidinum", "i-Rivanova" (1%), i- "Akrikhinovaya" (1%) yamafutha.
5. Furacillin. Ama-lotions anconywe kusuka kulesisombululo.

Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kuvame ukuqhutshwa izifundo ezithile. Phakathi kwabo, kunconywa ukuthatha ikhefu cishe amasonto amabili. Izilinganiso ezinikezwe ngenhla yizilinganiso. Ngenkathi yokwelashwa, amazinga akhethwe isiguli ngasinye ngabanye.

Phakathi nezigaba zokuqala zesifo, antiprotozoals ("Solyusurmin", "Gluconim") ifakwe ngqo endaweni ethintekile. Imijovo enjalo iluleka ukuchitha cishe izinsuku ezingu-3-5.

Ukwelashwa kwefomu le-visceral

Ngalolu hlobo lwe-pathology, amaqembu amathathu emithi ayadingeka:

1. Kusho i-antimony evezayo. Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa kufaka phakathi i- "Solyusurmin", "iPentotam", "Neostibazan", "Glucantim". Lezi zidakamizwa zenziwa nge-intramuscularly noma nge-intravenously. Umthamo wale mithi uncike eminyakeni. Inani eliphezulu liqukethe ama-injection angu-20.
2. I-diamidines enamakha. Le mithi "i-Pentamidine", "iSylamidin". Izimali ezinjalo zibekwa ngokungahambi kahle ngamalungiselelo angenhla e-antimony aventaventent. Isiguli sidinga ukuqedela izifundo ezingu-3. Phakathi kwalapho ikhefu lenziwa ngezinsuku ezingu-10.
3. Amphotericin B. Mayelana nalesi sidakamizwa ngumbuzo, uma zonke izidakamizwa ezibalulwe ngenhla zinganiki umphumela wokwelapha okudingekayo. Isikhathi sokwelashwa singaba ngamasonto angu-8.

Ukwelashwa kungahlanganisa:

• Imithi ye-antibacterial: "Metacyclin", "Rifampicin";
• Ama-antifungal: "ketoconazole";
• Imithi ye-antimicrobial: "Furazolidon".

Imithi yendabuko

Izindlela eziphumelelayo zingasetshenziswa ngabahlengikazi ekuqedeni ukwelashwa. Kuphela kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lezo zindlela azikwazi ukushintsha indawo yokwelashwa enqunywe udokotela ngesifo "i-leishmaniasis cutaneous". Ukwelashwa ngamakhambi omuntu kufanele wenze njengezindlela ezengeziwe zokulwa ne-pathology.

Uma uhlobo olulodwa lwesifo luphakanyiswa:

1. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-tonic. Kuwusizo ukuthatha izithako ze-aralia, i- magnolia uviniga, i- ginseng, i-eleutherococcus, i-leuzea. Ziqinisa ngokuphelele amandla okuzivikela omzimba wonke, zibambe iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni jikelele. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa noma yimiphi imithi kabili ngosuku ngamaconsi angu-30.
2. Amajusi asanda kufakwa. Kuyasiza kakhulu iziguli ukuphuza iziphuzo ezivela karoti, amazambane, iklabishi.
3. Izidakamizwa, ama-infusions avela ku-oats. Ama-herbal amaqabunga amaqabunga e-currant, aphakama izinqamu, i-honeysuckle.
4. Ukucindezelwa ngama-tubercles. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kuphela uma izinwele zingavulwa. Ukucindezela ukusebenzisa ama-decoctions agxilile wezimbali ze-tansy, i-willow bark.
5. Izihlahla ze-spruce coniferous - i-spruce, i-fir, i-pin. Ngendlela yekhekhe ephathekayo, kufanele isetshenziswe endaweni ethintekile futhi ivikeleke nge-bandage.

Ukusebenzisa lezi zindlela, qiniseka ukuthi uxhumana nodokotela. Ezinye izidakamizwa ziqukethe ukuphikisana futhi, esikhundleni sokuphulukisa, zingaletha imiphumela engemuhle.

I-prophylaxis yokugula

Izinyathelo eziyisisekelo ukuvimbela isifo ukushabalalisa imithombo ukutheleleka - namagundane omiyane - ezindaweni ukwanda kwabo.

Imbewu izindawo kuhlale namagundane, ekhiqizwa ngaphakathi endaweni engaba 15 km kusuka emzaneni lapho zokuvimbela. Le libanga sifana uhambo ibanga omiyane.

Ukuze ugweme ukusabalala isifo sesikhumba, kufanele ukuvimbela ezifanelekayo ukufuya izilwane abangenamakhaya. Izilwane ezifuywayo ngaso sonke isikhathi kufanele ihlolwe for ukutheleleka.

izinyathelo lefundo zokuvimbela zihlanganisa:

1. Ube muhle nezindawo zokuhlala. Kuyadingeka ukuba kuqedwe yindawo yokuzalela omiyane namagundane.
2. Kunconywa ukuqeda zisezintsha.
3. Gwema ezindlini enezikhukhula.
4. ukulungisa Esifike Ngesikhathi zonke mapayipi.
5. Njalo kumele kwenziwe disinfestation zokuvimbela futhi ezindlini zokuhlala.

Vikela ekhaya kusuka omiyane uvumele amanetha omiyane obukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kutuswa ukuba usebenzise nemithi yokuxosha. amasu ezilula okunjalo kuzovimbela isifo leishmaniasis.

Prevention ngokuvakashela izindawo ayingozi, esekelwe yokwelapha ethile mzimba. Ngeshwa, kuze kube manje umgomo wamanje engakaze athuthukile ngokumelene sifo.

isiphetho

Ezimweni eziningi onalesi sifo isifo evumayo. Uma sikhuluma leishmaniasis cutaneous, ke akubulali. Nakuba ngokuvamile ishiya izibazi okulimaza. In the ukungabikho efanele ukwelapha visceral ifomu cishe njalo siyabulala ngenxa nokungondleki okukhulu noma lezo zitho zomzimba. Lokhu kungagwenywa, kodwa nje kuyisiqalo ngesikhathi esifanele emzabalazweni kanye zokugula ezingemnandi ngaphansi kokuqondisa udokotela abanekhono.