Umongameli wokuqala waseRussia: biography, izici zikahulumeni nomlando

Igama likaBoris Yeltsin lihlobene njalo nomlando waseRussia. Kumuntu, uzohlala nje engumongameli wokuqala wezwe. Kwabanye, uzokhunjulwa njengomuntu oguquguqukayo onolwazi oshintshe kakhulu izinhlelo zezopolitiki nezomnotho wezwe laseSoviet.

Ubuntwana kanye nomndeni womongameli wesikhathi esizayo

I-biography esemthethweni kaBoris Yeltsin ithi izwe lakubo liwumzana we-Butka, esesifundazwe saseSverdlovsk. Kukhona lapho, ngokusho kwalo mthombo, wazalwa ngoFebhuwari 1, 1931. Kodwa abacwaningi abaningi baphikisana nalokhu ngenkuthalo. Phela, kule ndawo, okubhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yombusazwe, kwakuyisibhedlela sokubeletha. Futhi umndeni wakhe wawuhlala endaweni ehlukile - eseduze nomuzi waseBasmanovo. Lesi sizathu sokuthi amagama omabili kokuqala nokuhlala okwesibili atholakala emithonjeni.

Abazali bomongameli wokuqala waseRashiya babezilimi ezilula. Ubaba wayengumakhi owaba ngaphansi kwezingu-thirties ngaphansi kwama-repressions futhi wachitha isikhathi eside kakhulu ekamu lamaSoviet. Lapho wakhonza isigwebo sakhe. Ngemva kokuwa ngaphansi kwesihetho, wabuyela emzaneni wakubo, lapho eqala khona ukwakha, futhi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile wabamba isikhundla senhloko yokwakha.

Umama wezombusazwe wayengumdayisi olula.

Ukwakhiwa komholi wezepolitiki wesikhathi esizayo

Eminyakeni engu-9 emva kokuzalwa komfana, umndeni wathuthela edolobheni laseBerezniki. Lapha waqala ukuya esikoleni esiphakeme. Umongameli wokuqala waseRussia okwesikhathi eside kwakuyisihloko sekilasi. Kodwa ukumbiza ngokuthi umfundi oyisibonelo kunzima kakhulu. Othisha bamkhumbula njengomfana ohlukumeza futhi ongenasiphelo.

Ngenxa yalezi zimfanelo ekuphileni kukaBoris Nikolaevich, inkinga yokuqala eyinhloko ifikile. Phakathi nomdlalo nabangane bakhe, isazi sezombusazwe owaziwayo sathola i-grenade engakabonakali yaseJalimane. Lokhu kuyithokozisa kakhulu, futhi wenza umzamo wokuwuhlakaza. Ngenxa yalokho, uBoris Yeltsin walahlekelwa iminwe eminwe esandleni sakhe.

Kamuva kwaba yisizathu sokuthi umongameli wokuqala waseRussia, owaziwa yiwo wonke umuntu, akazange akhonze ebuthweni. Ngemva kokuphothula iziqu, waba omunye wabafundi be-Ural Polytechnic Institute, owaphumelela ngokuphumelela futhi wathola ubuchwepheshe obunjiniyela bomphakathi. Naphezu kweminwe elahlekile esandleni sakhe, uBoris Nikolayevich waba ngumdlali wezemidlalo e-volleyball.

Inqubomgomo Yomsebenzi

Ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni, umongameli waseRussia wesikhathi esizayo waba isisebenzi seSverdlovsk Building Trust. Yilapho eqala ukuba ngummeli weqembu le-CPSU, okuyinto enomthelela omuhle ekuthuthukeni kwakhe ekwenzeni umsebenzi. Okokuqala, unjiniyela omkhulu, futhi maduzane umqondisi weSverdlovsk DSC Boris Nikolayevich wayevame ukuvakashela izinhlangano ezihlukahlukene zeqembu. Ngo-1963, kwenye yemihlangano, waba ilungu lekomidi lesifunda le-Kirov le-CPSU. Futhi emva kwesikhathi uBoris Yeltsin wayemelela iKomiti YesiFunda Sverdlovsk ye-CPSU. Iposi lakhe leqembu lihlinzekelwe ukuqondisa izinkinga zokwakhiwa kwezindlu. Kodwa umsebenzi wezombusazwe omkhulu wesikhathi esizayo washesha ngokushesha.

Ngo-1975, lowo owayengumongameli wokuqala waseRussia, unobhala bombhali weKomiti Yezifunda YaseSverdlovsk ye-CPSU. Futhi emva konyaka nje wayesevele ephethe isihlalo sobhala wenhloko yalenhlangano yezombangazwe. Lokhu okuthunyelwe kwakunguye iminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye.

Ngalesi sikhathi esifundeni saseSverdlovsk salungisa izinkinga ezihlobene ngqo nokuhlinzekwa kokudla. Amathikithi ebisi kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezimpahla zaqedwa, amanye amapulazi ezinkukhu namapulazi aqala ukusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakungenxa yesenzo sikaBoris Yeltsin ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwesitimela eSverdlovsk kwaqala. Kwakhiwe nezakhiwo zezemidlalo nezemidlalo.

Umsebenzi wezombangazwe eMkhandlwini oPhakeme

Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, u-Yeltsin uba ngummeli, futhi ekugcineni uqokwa esikhundleni seSekela labantu kanye noSihlalo we-Supreme Soviet we-RSFSR.

Eqinisweni ungumholi weSoviet Russia, ubaluleke kakhulu futhi ugxeke ngokuyinhloko isimiso somkhomanisi, abavoti bakhe abakwazanga ukuwaqaphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umongameli wesikhathi esizayo wathola inhlonipho phakathi kwabo ngemuva kokusayina iSimemezelo Sokubusa. Le dokhumenti yafaka ngokusemthethweni ukubaluleka kwemithetho yaseRussia phezu kwamaSoviet.

Ngomhla kaDisemba 8, 1991, umongameli weRiphabhulikhi yaseSoviet Socialist uMikhail Gorbachev wayehlukanisiwe futhi wasuswa emandleni, owayengumongameli wokuqala weRussia, umholi we-RSFSR, wayengomunye wabasayineli besivumelwano lapho kuhlakazwa i-USSR. Lo mcimbi wenziwa eB Belovezhskaya Pushcha ngosizo lwabaholi base-Ukraine naseBelarus.

Lokhu kwaba ukuqala komsebenzi womholi weRussia ozimele.

Umsebenzi weMongameli

Ngemuva kokuwa kwe-USSR, kwavela izinkinga eziningi embusweni waseRussia, isisombululo esabehlela emahlombe kaBoris Yeltsin. Phakathi neminyaka yokuqala yokuzimela, kwakunezinkinga eziningi zezomnotho ezinzima, izikhalazo ezibukhali zabantu. Igama lomongameli wokuqala waseRussia lihlobene ngokungahambisani nempi yezempi eqala igazi ngaleso sikhathi eyayiqala ensimini yeRussian Federation nakweminye imingcele yayo.

Ukungqubuzana neTatarstan kwaxazululwa ngokuthula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuxazululwa kwenkinga nabantu baseKchenchen abafisa ukuqeda isimo se-republic yokuzimela ehlangene futhi ingxenye yeRussian Federation ayikwazanga ukwenza ngaphandle kwempi ehlomile. Kwaqala kanjalo impi eCaucasus.

Ukuqedwa komsebenzi

Ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu lezinkinga kunciphise kakhulu izinga likaYeltsin. Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, ngo-1996 yena waqhubeka engumongameli ngenkulumo yesibili. Abancintisana bakhe base beyi-V. Zhirinovsky noG. Zyuganov.

Kuleli zwe, kwakunezinhlekelele eziningi ezikhona ezihambisana nezinhlelo zezombusazwe nezomnotho. Umongameli wokuqala waseRussia wayegula, isilinganiso sakhe asizange sikhulume. Ukuphelele kwazo zonke lezi zici kwaholela ekutheni ngoDisemba 31, 1999 uBoris Yeltsin wasula. Ngemva kwakhe, uVladimir Putin waba umongameli weRussian Federation.

Ngemuva kokuyeka kwakhe, isombusazwe omkhulu wayehloselwe ukuhlala iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili kuphela. Isifo senhliziyo sakhe sidlulile esigabeni esingavamile. Lokhu kwavusa ukufa komuntu omkhulu wezepolitiki waseRussia ngo-Ephreli 23, 2007. Umongameli wokuqala waseRussia uBoris Yeltsin. Ingcwatshwa eMathuneni aseNovavicvic, esendaweni yaseMoscow.

Esikhathini sethu kuneyunivesithi okuthiwa ngumengameli wokuqala waseRussia.