Ukuguqulwa kwemali

Ngempela, imali - isigaba esingokomlando esiye savela njengomphakathi. Ukuziphendukela kwamafomu kanye nezinhlobo zemali kwacatshangwa ngabaningi bezomnotho, futhi akubona bonke abafika ohlwini olulodwa. Abanye abalobi baqaphela amafomu egcwele aphelele futhi angaphelele. Abanye, ukuthatha izici ezisebenzayo zemvelo, bahlukanise ngemali ibe yimpahla, egcwele futhi engabonakali.

Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kuye kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi manje, ifomu lomkhiqizo selivele selinyamalale. Ngakho-ke incazelo entsha. Imali, njengethuluzi lobuhlobo bomphakathi, yilezi:

- Kusho ukushintshaniswa;

- isilinganiso samanani;

- indlela yokuqoqa;

- indlela yokukhokha.

Kodwa kukhona enye incazelo, okucabangela ukuguqulwa kwemali uqobo. Yakhiwe nguK. Marx. Imali yizinto ezivela ezweni lezimpahla ngokuhleleka okuzenzekelayo, lilingana nendawo yonke futhi likhonza njenge-crystallization yenani lokushintshanisa. Ngokususelwa kulezi zincazelo, ungahlukanisa izinhlobo nezinhlobo zemali kanje:

1. Ifomu lemali linamafomu alandelayo:
   • Izinkomo, izinhlanzi, izigqila, amagobolondo, njll.
2. Imali yezinga eliphezulu:
   • Igolide nesiliva ngezingotsheni;
   • Igolide nesiliva ezinhlamvu zemali.
3. Imali engenamaphutha:
   • Ama-banknotes;
   • Amathikithi;
   • Imali yaseBilon.
4. Imali imali:
   • Ikheshi ekugcineni kanye negama elifaka imali ngamabhange.

Ukuziphendukela kwemali kwakungenxa yokuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kwempahla. Ngenxa yalokho, kwavela izinhlobo ezimbili zemali: zangempela (imali yensimbi nezimpahla ezilinganayo) kanye nezimpawu zezindleko, empeleni, okufaka esikhundleni semali yangempela (imali kanye nemali yamaphepha). Uma sikhuluma ngemali yangempela, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi inani labo elizibiza lihambisana neloqobo.

Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ukuguquka kwemvelo kwemali kwenzeka kanjani.

Ekuqaleni, imali yensimbi, ngokuvamile igolide, isiliva noma ithusi, yayisakazwa ngeyunithi kanye nesisindo. Kwabe sekuvela amafomu okuxuba futhi afakwe (imihlobiso). Isibonelo sezinhlamvu zemali kwakuyihlobo lezinyosi zezinyosi ezilingana nobukhulu obufanayo. Leli gama lemali lahlanganiswa eRoma ngekhulu lesi-3 BC. Ama-Roman Mint ayishicilela imali eshicilelwe isitembu sombuso, eqinisekisa ukuthi i-solvency yabo yayisetshenziswa. Izinhlamvu zemali zenze ushintsho olubaluleke kakhulu ekuhanjisweni kwezimali - manje zacatshangelwa hhayi ngesisindo, kodwa inani lokuqokwa likhonjisiwe kubo, okusho inani lemishini esetshenzisiwe.

Imali yensimbi inenani elingaphakathi ngaphakathi. Ukusungulwa kwezimpawu zokubaluleka ngokuhamba kwesikhatsi ngemali yemali kwahlanganiswa nezizathu eziningi ezenza ukwanda nokwandiswa kwezohwebo.

- Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwezitshalo eziyigugu nokungakwazi ukukhiqiza izinsimbi eziyigugu kakhulu.

- Izindleko eziphezulu zokugcinwa kwemali.

- Inkimbinkimbi yokuhambisa inqwaba yensimbi ekusetshenzisweni kokubalwa kwemali.

- Ukuntuleka kokuqina - ikhono lokuthola isivumelwano nokukhulisa.

- Igolide nesiliva kwakunokusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe kwezinye izindawo.

- Umbuso, usebenzisa ukukhokhwa kwemali ngemali yemali, etholakala kule nzuzo, ukunciphisa isampuli kanye nenqwaba yensimbi futhi ishiye inani lokubiza lingaguquki.

Ukuba khona kwalezi zici ezingenhla kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi ukuguqulwa kwemali kwaqhubeka. Kwakukhona abathintekayo bemali yangempela - isikweletu, imali yamaphepha kanye ne-bill of exchange. Inani laso lokubiza livele lidlulile langempela.

Umbuso uveza imali yamaphepha, uzinike inkambo ngokwayo, ngoba ayinani elizimele. Ngombuso lokhu kuwumthombo owengeziwe wemali engenayo. Ngokuvamile, inkinga yemali iyanda ngesikhathi lapho umbuso usempi noma usesimweni esibucayi.

Ngokuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kwempahla, imali yesikweletu ivela futhi. Kunesidingo kubo uma ukuthenga nokudayiswa kuhilela isitifiketi noma ukukhokha okubuyisiwe.