Kwakunjani ukukhululwa kwePrague (umsebenzi wasePrague)? Umsebenzi wasePrague: imiphumela

Ngenxa yomsebenzi wasePrague, i-Red Army yakhulula inhloko-dolobha yaseCzechoslovakia ngakho yaqeda iMpi Yezwe Yesibili eYurophu. Idolobha lahlulwa amabutho e-Wehrmacht ngosuku olulandelayo ngemva kokuba iJalimane isayine isenzo sokuzinikela.

Ngosuku olulandelayo

Ngentwasahlobo ka-1945, imisebenzi yaseBerlin nasePrague yaba yindlela yokugcina yokunqoba umbuso wamaNazi eYurophu. Ngenkathi inhloko-dolobha yaseJalimane isivele isinikele, inhloko-dolobha yaseCzech Republic yayingakaze yathinteke empini. Ibutho laseSoviet lalilinde umyalelo wokuqhubekela phambili ePrague. Esikhathini sokugcina sempi, lonke elaseYurophu laphenduka iphaya elabelana ngamazwe anqobile. Kwase kudlule isikhathi esithile bekhuluma ngokuhlasela okungenzeka ePrague ngamabutho aseMelika. Kodwa ekugcineni, iCzechoslovakia yadlula emkhakheni wethonya le-USSR.

Kusihlwa ngo-Meyi 8, lapho umyalo waseJalimane usuvele usayine isenzo sokuzinikela, i-ultimatum yaseSoviet yanikelwa ePrague. AmaNazi, abamba umuzi ngaphansi kolawulo lwawo, anikezwa ukuzinikela ngokungenasisekelo. Banikeze usuku lokucabanga. Uma kunqatshiwe, ukusebenza okucasulayo kwaqala. Iqembu lasePrague le-Wehrmacht lalibalulekile. Lapha, emgqeni wokugcina, iqembu lebutho "Isikhungo" sabeka, okwathi ingxenye yesibili yempi yayisuka eSoviet Union. Sekuphelele, kwakunezingu-900 000 zamaNazi edolobheni, kanye nalabo ababambisana nabo ababalekela ePrague kuzo zonke izingxenye zeYurophu ekhululiwe.

Inhlangano yokusebenza

Ngokulungiswa kokuqala kokusebenza, umyalo waseSoviet wanikela ngokukhethekile ekudalweni kwamaqembu amakhulu. Ekuqaleni kokudabukisa kokugcina, izibhamu nezidakamizwa ezingaba ngu-6 000 zaqoqwe. Esikhathini sokugcina sempi, i-Red Army yayingenayo inkinga yokuphepha. Lo msebenzi wawungeyona into ehlukile. Ukuhlasela kukaPrague kwakuhambisane nezindiza ze-2nd Air Army ngaphansi komyalo kaGeneral Stepan Krasovsky. Izindiza ezingaba ngu-2 000 zazihileleke ekuqondisweni okuyinhloko, kanti abanye abangu-400 babenemisebenzi yabasizayo.

Zonke izinqumo ezihlobene nokunqunywa kwesayizi yamasosha asetshenzisiwe zithathwe ubuholi be-Fronts yesi-2 neyesi-4 e-Ukraine. Lokhu kwakuyisinyathelo "esivela ngezansi", okuwukuthi emva kokucubungula "endaweni" kwavunyelwa yiStvka. Yini, kusukela ekubukeni kwenhlangano, ingabe lolu msebenzi luyinkimbinkimbi? I-Prague, "isahluko" sokugcina se-Great Patriotic War, "yayibhalwe" ngokushesha okukhulu. Isibonelo, amandla e-1st and 2nd Fronts e-Ukraine kwadingeka ahlangane ngezinsuku ezintathu kuphela. Kwakungamakhilomitha angu-100-200 kanye nabantu abaningi.

Ukuqala kokushushiswa

Ngo-Meyi 6, i-Red Army intelligence ibike ukuthi isitha sase siqalile ukuhamba okuhlelekile ezindaweni ezigcinwe eCzech endaweni eqhele ngamakhilomitha angaba ngu-100 ukusuka ePrague. Amabutho aseSoviet aqala ukuphishekela isitha. Ukuqapha kwe-Wehrmacht kwakubhalwe phansi futhi kwahlakazwa izinqola zokuqala ze-First Ukrainian Front. Ukusebenza kwePrague, imiphumela eyayikuphela kokuphela kwayo yonke impi, yayimele ukuxosha amaJalimane. Abantu abambalwa kakhulu baphikisana. Ngokuyinhloko, laba babengabantu ababethembekile ngokwethembeka ezindabeni zamaNazi futhi banquma ukuthi uma behluliwe empini, babengeke balahlekelwe lutho.

Isu eliyinhloko lokubhubhisa isitha kwakuyizingcindezi ezinamandla ezithinta izitha zesitha. Ngakho amaJalimane azange azungezwe kuphela, kodwa aphinde ahlakazeke, abe yingozi kakhulu. Ukusebenzisana kwama-Red Army amayunithi kuphumelele. Ekuqaleni kokusebenza, lezi ziyizinkampani ezinkulu zase-Ukraine nezingu-4, bese kuthiwa yi-1st and 2nd border. Ukuhlaselwa kwamathangi kwakushesha, nakuba kwakudingeka kusetshenzwe endaweni enamapulangwe. Bahamba amakhilomitha angu-60-100 ngosuku.

Ngosuku olufanayo (ngoMeyi 6) i-4 Guards Army Tank yayiseduze nemithambeka ye-Ore Mountain. Lokhu kwakubhekene nesimo esingalindelekile seDresden, esasivumela ukuzungeza i-Wehrmacht 40,000-force eqinile eBreslau. Ngo-Meyi 7, ukuhlaselwa kwamandla e-2nd Ukrainian Front kwaqala. I-7 Guards Army, uShumilov, yavele yahlukana namaJalimane futhi yahamba ibanga elingamakhilomitha angu-12. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amasosha e-Ukrainian Front Front alwela u-Olomouc - ibhuloho elibalulekile lokuthutha elihlanganisa lonke iCzech Republic.

Balekela ePrague

Isandulela esisheshayo se-Red Army kuyo yonke imikhakha yangaphambili yonakalisa ukholo olulahlekile kakade ekunqobeni ama-fascists. Umphathi wamabutho aseJalimane enhloko-dolobha yaseCzechoslovakia nguFerdinand Scherner. Walalela ukuthunyuka entshonalanga. AmaJalimane akhetha ukuzinikela kumaMelika, kunokuba iSoviet Union. Ukuhleleka okuhlelekile ePrague kwaqala ngo-9 Meyi. Kodwa-ke, maduzane kwayeka ukulawulwa yinoma ubani futhi yaba yinto yokunciphisa.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukuqoqa okwesabisa kwe-2nd Ukrainian Front kwaqhamuka nakwezinye izindlela zokuvikela isitha. Wathuthukisa amakhilomitha angu-60 ngokusungula ukulawulwa kweZnojmo. Iphiko lesokunxele laleli qembu lalisebhange laseDanube futhi laqala ukuhamba ngasogwini olusenyakatho, lilahla umlindi waseJalimane ongemva. Phakathi nalezi zinsuku ezintathu, ukuhamba kwezindiza kweSoviet kwenziwa izinkambo ezingaphezu kuka-7 000, kusekela ukuhlaselwa kwezingqimba zase-Ukraine.

Ukukhululeka kwedolobha

Ngo-Meyi 9, izingxenye ze-1st Front Front zangena ePrague. Manje i-Army Red kanye nabameleli bezinsizakalo ezikhethekile kwakumelwe bavimbele amaJalimane ukuba abaleke emgodini. Kulezi zinsuku basizwa amaqembu aseCzech, awazi ukuthi umuzi nezindawo ezizungezile zihamba kangcono kunabanye amazwe.

Kwakukhona izingxenye ezingaphezu kuka-50 empumalanga yePrague. Lawa yiwona owayengamandla amakhulu okuqoqa izitha. Amasosha aseJalimane ayengalungile, abaphathi bawo balahlekelwa noma yikuphi ukulawula phezu kwabangaphansi kwabo. Ukubalekela emazweni aseMelika kwakwazi ukuhlukana kuphela kwezinye izigaba zeqembu lempi "Austria".

I-ROA ezungezile

Ukuhlaselwa kwePrague kwakwenziwe hhayi kuphela nge-Wehrmacht, kodwa ngokumelene ne-ROA, i-Russian Liberation Army. Kulesi sakhiwo kwakunabambisene baseSoviet, okwathi ekuqaleni kwempi yaqhubeka ibambisana neJalimane. Ngentwasahlobo ka-1945, i-ROA yanquma ukuphuthuma ngokushesha entshonalanga ukuze ingangeni ezandleni zeziphathimandla zaseSoviet.

NgoMeyi 12, umphathi wamabutho, uGeneral Vlasov, waboshwa. Yena kanye nezinye izikhulu eziningi ze-ROA zithathwe e-USSR. Lapho bazama futhi badutshulwa. Amasosha e-Ordinary ROA athunjwa ngenkathi esebenza ePrague, ngokuvamile atholakala emakamu nasekuthunjweni.

Ukugcina ukumelana

Izindleko zamabutho ase-SS abuyiselwayo ngobusuku obuyi-12 kuMeyi. Kulo mpi, inhloko yendawo yokuphatha "i-squad yokufa" uKarl Friedrich von Puckler-Burghaus nayo yafa. Leli qembu lokugcina lalihlanganisa izingxenye "Das Reich" ne "Wallenstein".

Le nqola yafinyelela emngceleni wabaseMelika ngo-Meyi 9, kodwa inqaba ukwamukela ukuzinikela kwababaleki. Khona-ke amaJalimane asezindaweni ezincane adala ikamu elincane elinamandla. Ngobusuku ka-Meyi 11 bahlaselwa iqembu lamaCheks kusukela ku-People's Commissariat of State Defense of the USSR. Ngokushesha wajoyina i-Red Army. Kusasa ngoMeyi 12 le nhlangano yokugcina yamaNazi yabhujiswa. Ngakho kwaphela ukusebenza kwePrague. Unyaka nonyaka, izakhamuzi zedolobha ngezinsuku zemikhosi zikhokha inkumbulo yabakhululi beSoviet. Amagama abo abizwa ngokuthi izitaladi namapaki. UMarshal Konev, oholele ekusebenziseni okubi, waba yisakhamuzi esihloniphekile edolobheni laseBalti.

Ukulahlekelwa nemiphumela

Kulezi zamasosha ezigidi ezimbili ze-Red Army namazwe ahlangene (ePoland, eRomania naseCzechoslovakia), lo msebenzi wawuwukuphela kwempi. Ukuzivikela kwe-Prague kwamaJalimane kwakuwumzamo wokuphelelwa amandla yizintambo ezimbalwa zokubalekela ukuzungeza. Kodwa-ke, lezi zingxabano zaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu - amasosha angu-12 000 aseRed Army afela empini.

Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokusebenza, ama-Soviet aphumelela ekubhubhiseni noma ekuthunjeni amasosha angu-860 000 we-Wehrmacht kanye ne-SS. Abaphathi abangamashumi ayisithupha be-Army Group Centre nabanye bathunjwa. Izimbhamu ezingu-9 500 ezithathwe izibhamu nezidakamizwa, izindiza eziyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu, izibhamu eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1,8 kanye namathangi, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezikhali nemishini yempi zathathwa.

Ngo-Meyi 11, umsebenzi wasePrague wafinyelela esiphethweni esinengqondo. Amasosha aseSoviet afinyelela ohlwini lokuxhumana nabaseMelika. Yenziwa emngceleni nasemadolobheni aseKhemnitz nasePlzen. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, iCzechoslovakia iye yahlala ethandweni lamaSoviet iminyaka eminingi. Amandla amaKhomanisi asungulwa kuleli zwe. Uhulumeni wajoyina i - Warsaw Treaty Organization.

Ukusebenza kuka-1945 no-1968.

Ngenxa yentuthuko eqhubekayo kwezenhlalakahle eCzechoslovakia, ukusebenza ePrague (1945) kanye nokusebenza koMthombo wasePrague ka-1968 ngokuvamile kufaniswa. Iyokugcina yaqala lapho uhulumeni waseSoviet efaka amasosha enhloko-dolobha yezwe laseSlavic, ephikisana nesinqumo saso "ngokujwayelekile ukwenza isimo sezombangazwe." Ngo-1968, eCzechoslovakia, ukuguqulwa kwama-liberal kwakuqhubeka yonke indlela, abaholi be-USSR abangazange bayithande, njengoba imiphumela yabo ingaba ukuhoxiswa kweRiphabhliki yaseCzechoslovak Socialist kusukela endaweni yethonya lamaKhomanisi.

Spring Spring, Operation "Danube" kanye nezenzakalo ezalandela ziye zaba yingxenye ebalulekile yeMpi Yomshoshaphansi. Namuhla eCzech Republic, isimo sengqondo ngokuqondene nezenzakalo zika-1945 no-1968. Okuphambene ngqo. Esimweni sokuqala, amasosha aseSoviet afika ePrague njengabakhululi bamaNazi, kanti okwesibili amathangi amasonto afanayo anqamula inkululeko yentando yeningi yezakhamizi zaseCzechoslovak.