UMehmed IV: umfundisi weshumi nesikhombisa woMbuso Wase-Ottoman

UMehmed IV wayengumfundisi weshumi nesikhombisa wobukhosi base-Ottoman. Ngokusemthethweni, wabusa iminyaka engamashumi amathathu nesishiyagalolunye. Ubhekwa njengombusi wokugcina lapho umbuso wawusongcupheni yangempela eYurophu. Uhlu lokunqotshwa kwebutho laseTurkey emikhankaso laholela ekuqothulweni kombusi ongaphumelelanga.

Abazali

UMehmed IV, umlando wakhe uhlobene nezenzakalo eYurophu, wayeyindodana kaBrahim the First. Ubaba waba ngu-sultan ngenxa yokuba ngummeleli wokugcina wophiko lwakhe. Kusukela ebuntwaneni wayebhekwa njengenhlanhla futhi egcinwe ejele. Wasindiswa ekufeni futhi wamnika amandla uKesem Sultan, owayengunina.

Amandla langempela embusweni kwakunguKesem no-Vizier. Futhi u-Ibrahim wayekhathalele kakhulu inzalo yakhe. UMehmed waba ngumntwana wakhe wokuqala, kodwa uyise wayengenalo imizwa ekhethekile ngomfana. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa ngecala lapho uSultan, ngokuthukuthela, ethatha i-Mehmed encane evela ezandleni zikamama futhi wamphonsa echibini. Umfana wadonswa ngaphandle kwamanzi ngesikhathi, kepha lapho ewa wasika ikhanda lakhe. Uboya ebunzini lakhe lwahlala konke ukuphila kwakhe. USultan wayenqatshelwe amandla ngo-1648, waxoshwa ngokumelene nendodana yakhe, futhi ngonyaka ofanayo wabulawa ngokucabangela.

Umama we-sultan oneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye wayenguTurhan Khatija. Kukholelwa ukuthi wayengowokuzalwa emazweni aseSlavic (insimu ye-Ukraine yanamuhla). Ngaphambi kokuthunjwa amaTurkey eneminyaka eyishumi nambili, wayebizwa ngokuthi uNadia. Waba isancinza sikaSultan eneminyaka eyi-15. Kwaphela isikhathi eside wayesebenza ngokuvumelana ne-regent nendodana yakhe encane. Ngalesi sihloko kwakudingeka akwazi ukuncintisana noKesem Sultan.

Isikhathi sikahulumeni

UMehmed IV Ahmed-ogly wazalwa ngoJanuwari 2, 1642. Eminyakeni eyisithupha kamuva wangena esihlalweni sobukhosi. Inkathi yobusha bakhe yayinezinkathazo, okwakunqotshwa umama wakhe nogogo wakhe. Ngemuva kwe-sultan, igama lesidlaliso se-Avzhi lagxinyiwe, elihunyushwa lisuka e-Turkish ngokuthi "umzingeli". Kwakuwumsebenzi ozithandayo wombusi.

Phakathi neminyaka engaba ngu-40 esihlalweni sobukhosi, uMehmed IV wayebhekene nezenzakalo eziningi ezenzeka ezombusazwe zomhlaba.

Izenzakalo eziyinhloko emlandweni ohlobene ngqo noMbuso wase-Ottoman:

• Impi namaVentians;
• Impi engaphumeleli ne-Austria;
• Impi nePoland (i-sultan ngokwazo yalalela) kanye nesiphetho sokuthula kukaZhuravsky ka-1676;
• Impi engenzi lutho neRussia;
• Ukuvimbezelwa kweVienna nokunqotshwa kwebutho lase-Ottoman.

Ngemva kokunqotshwa eVienna ngo-1683, ibutho lase-Ottoman lalilindele izinhlekelele eziningana ezimbalwa. Ama-Ottomans alahlekelwa yiziqhingi zase-Ionian, i-Morea, iMoldavia, i-Wallachia neHungary. Ngisho noBelgrade wadlula ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwamaKristu. Ngakho, uMbuso Wase - Ottoman wanciphisa kakhulu insimu yawo.

Isimo se-Cossacks yase-Ukraine

UMehmed IV wazalwa ngonyaka ofanayo lapho eqala ukuvukela kwakhe, eyakhula yaba yimpi yezwe-inkululeko, uBoddan Khmelnitsky. Unina wayengu-Ukraine ngokuzalwa. Kukhona ngisho nalokho umama azama ukufundisa indodana yakhe ulimi lwakhe, kepha wayeka imizamo yakhe emva kuka-Ibrahim owokuqala.

USultan Mehmed IV wabusa embusweni wakhe, lapho amazwe ase-Ukraine ayengesikhathi seMidolobha. Kuye waphetha isivumelwano esifana noB Bogdan Khmelnitsky, no- Yuri Khmelnitsky. Ukuhlonishwa kwakhe kwacelwa ama- hemman anjalo njengo- Ivan Vygovsky, uPavel Teteria, u-Ivan Bryukhovetsky.

Ngokwezinye zezinguqulo, kwakunguMehmet weSine owabhala incwadi edumile yeCosacks eholwa ngu-Ivan Sirk. Nakuba i-Ataman ngokwakhe yafunga ngisho nesifungo kumfundisi waseTurkey.

Ummeleli wendodana ka-Osman wavakashela owamanye amazwe ase-Ukraine. Uholele umkhankaso ePoldillia. Ngaphansi komyalo wakhe ngo-Agasti 27, 1672, inqaba yaseKamethiti yawa. Ngenxa yalomkhankaso, uPodillia kanye nengxenye yeGalicia babengaphansi kokubusa koMbuso wase-Ottoman. Kodwa lokhu kwaba ukuphumelela okugcina ngempumelelo kweSultan.

Ukuphela kweBhodi

UMehmed IV wayengumbusi oqinile. Isikhathi eside kuye wabusa uValidida noVizieri. Imisebenzi yabo yabangela uchungechunge lokunqotshwa kwezemidlalo emhlabeni wonke kanye nokubuthakathaka koMbuso Wase-Ottoman. Njengoyise, ishumi lesishiyagalombili sultan wasuswa esihlalweni sobukhosi ngosizo lovuko lwaseJanissus. Kwenzeka ngo-1687. UMehmed ushone ejele iminyaka emihlanu emva kwalokho, okungukuthi ngu-06.01.1693.

Ngemva kokushiya esihlalweni sobukhosi, uSultan waba nguSulenim II, owayengumfowabo osemncane. Akazange abhekane nezindaba zombuso, ebeka konke ku-viziers yakhe.