Unkulunkulukazi uHecate - unkulunkulukazi wobumnyama emlandweni wesiGreki

EGrisi lasendulo, njengaseRoma, inkolo eyinhloko yayiwubuqaba, eyaziwa yizintandokazi, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-polytheism. Lokhu kusho ukuthi endaweni ngayinye yomsebenzi wesintu umlingiswa ohlukile wezinganekwane waphendulwa. Amkulunkulu aphezulu, okuthiwa i-pantheon, afaka ama-super-creatures, aholwa nguZeyus, ayebhekwa njengombusi wezulu, umthunzi nomuntu wamandla aphelele. Embuthaneni omncane kwakunomkakhe uHera, owalondoloza umndeni; UPoseidon, owayengumfundisi wezempi; U-Athena, owayengamele ukuhlakanipha; U-Aphrodite, owayenezintambo zokuhle nothando; Ares, umholi wabaphathi, kanye no-Arthemisi, u-Apollo, uHermes, uHephaestus, uDemeter no-Hestia. Zonke lezi heroes of myths, ngaphezu kwamakhono abo akhethekile, babe nezinye impahla ezithakazelisayo. Babefana kakhulu nabantu abavamile kanye nangaphandle, nezenzo, nokugqugquzela. Ukufaniswa kwalezi zithiwa kwakubizwa ngokuthi i-anthropomorphism. Unkulunkulukazi uHecate emlandweni wamaGreki uphethe indawo ekhethekile. Wayekhulekelwa futhi wanikelwa ngabaningi, kodwa wakwenza njalo, ngokucophelela, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho ngasese.

Umsuka

Uma u-Apollo wayengunkulunkulu oqhakazile, ngakho-ke kunengqondo ukuthi othile waseGrisi lase-Ancient kufanele abe ngumthwalo wobumnyama. Lona kwakungunkulunkulukazi uHecate, owayengumlingisi ocacile we-chthonic, owangena emlandweni osemthethweni kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi kwe-Olympic, ngaphambi kukaZeyus wenyukela entabeni engcwele e- Olympus. Imithwalo yemfanelo yakhe yayihlanganisa ukuphathwa kobuthakathi, ubupfumu, amaphupho asukuma kanye nezinye izibonakaliso ezibuhlungu zemisebenzi yengqondo yomuntu. Umsuka wayo uyingxenye empumalanga, ubaba nguTitan Persus (Umonakalo), nomama - Asteria (unkulunkulukazi wokukhanya, ama-oracle nobusuku obuningi, kufaka phakathi amaphupho ayisiprofetho, ukubhula ngezinkanyezi kanye ne-necromancy). Unkulunkulukazi wesihogo uHecate naye ungumzukulu weHelios (i-Sun). Konke lokhu kusho ukuthi ubudlelwane obuqondile bokuzalwa ngokobulili nemikhawulo ye-Olimpiki (uma ukholwa yi-Hesiod), akulandelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, limelela ekilasini lamatiti ahluliwe, kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, yagcina imisebenzi yayo, futhi yathola inhlonipho kaZeus uqobo, eyethulela kumbuthano omncane wabakhile bezwe elisha, emnika umsebenzi onomthwalo wemfanelo.

Ububanzi bemisebenzi

Unkulunkulukazi wobumnyama bamaHecate akahlali esabekayo - uye wabasiza abantu empilweni yabo yansuku zonke, ukuhlonipha izinkomo zezilwane, izinqubo zomthetho, inhlangano yabantu, imincintiswano yezemidlalo nokuphumelela empini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wavikela izingane ezincane nezinsana, "waphatha" umama, wazisizwa ekuzalweni (manje lokhu kuzothiwa umsebenzi we-perinatal) kanye nemfundo eqhubekayo. Futhi unkulunkulukazi uHecate wasiza laba bahambeli futhi waduduza abathandi abashiye. Imisebenzi eminingi enjalo ingenxa yokuthi ezinye imisebenzi zathunyelwa kuye zivela ku-Apollo, u-Artemis noHermes. Kodwa konke lokhu kwakungumsebenzi "wesikhashana" kuphela. Futhi into eyinhloko kuye kwakungubumnyama.

Ucwaningo lwesayensi lwesithombe

Izingcaphuno zokuqala zitholakala ku-Hesiod's Theogony (Isikhathi samazwi esiGreki esiyinkimbinkimbi esiphakathi kwekhulu lesi-8 nele-7 BC). Ukubhalwa kwamasango edolobha lasendulo laseMiletus ngesimo sezintombikazi njengoba umvikeli ekhonza njengenye ubufakazi bokuthi wayekhona enkolweni yamaGreki yama-Archaic (cishe ngekhulu lesithupha BC).

Izithombe zokuqala ezithombeni zinikeza umbono wesithombe esisodwa esibhekene nesibindi, kamuva kubonakala izifanekiso ezinobuso obuningi (ikakhulukazi ngezintathu, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ezine). Ngo-1896, isazi-mlando Lewis Richard Farnell saphawula ukuthi imifanekiso kanye nezinkomba zombhalo zivame kakhulu emaphandleni kunezikhungo zamaGreki ezithandanayo. Unkulunkulukazi wobumnyama bamaHecate uchazwa ngokuphikisanayo kanye ne-polymorphic, futhi incazelo kanye nencazelo yalo ihluleka umfundi. Umhlaba wayo umhlaba, ulwandle nesibhakabhaka. Ikhono lakhe lokudala noma ukulawula iziphepho cishe lidlala indima ekwamukeleni njengelungelo lokuphatha abelusi nabasolwandle.

I-Moon

Usuku lokugcina lwenyanga lingelaHecate, kwakungaleso sikhathi ukuthi amaGreki asendulo akhokhela intela futhi aphendule izicelo zabo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu naye ungunkulunkulukazi wenyanga. U-Hecate wayevame ukuboniswa ngezinja zakhe ezingcwele, ngezinye izikhathi agqoke ingubo ebude obude futhi agqoke amabhuzu, njengomzala wakhe, ophethe abazingeli. Noma kunjalo, uHecate nezinja zakhe bavame ukuba namakhanda amathathu futhi bakwazi ukubona kuzo zonke izinkomba. Njengo-Arthemisi, unkulunkulukazi ongumGreki uHecate uyakuthanda wedwa futhi uyintombi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi emithonjeni eminingi yombhalo akakaze ashade futhi akabelethi izingane. Mhlawumbe, kungenxa yokuntula injabulo yokuba ngumama ukuthi ivikela abesifazane abakhulelwe futhi inciphisa ukuhlupheka kwabo. Ungunkulunkulukazi uHecate nomlondolozi wezempilo yezingane.

Ukubukeka

Ngokusho kwezinganekwane, akubonakali noma uzizwa sengathi uhlobo lokukhanya kokukhanya okwenziwe. Mhlawumbe, ngenxa yale mfanelo, i-Hecate ibhekwa njengonkulunkulukazi weNyanga, nakuba izithombe zayo ziphikisana nale mbono. Kungenzeka (njengoba abanye ososayensi bakholelwa) ukuthi ikhono lakhe lokukhanya liphefumulelwe isithombe sikamama wakhe, i-Asteria enezinkanyezi. Isifanekiso ngasinye sezintombikazi uHecate sinikeza umbono ongewona uqobo, kodwa kunomhlaba oqinile futhi ophelele. Umphumela wesifiso sokuxazulula lokhu kuphikisana kubonakala ehlathini, okuyinto abadwebi baseGrisi yasendulo ababeka esandleni sakhe. Ngokuvamile unkulunkulukazi we-underworld Hecate ukhonjiswe ngesimo sowesifazane omuhle (okwenzekayo, noma kunjalo, enhloko emithathu), kodwa ngezinye izikhathi uhleka kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi kuboniswa ngezinhloko zezingonyama, izinyoka, izinja, izinja noma izinkukhu (ezinhlanganisweni ezihlukahlukene). Kusobala ukuthi kungani kuthathwa ngokuthi unkulunkulukazi wemibono nolwazi.

Amakhono

Ikhono layo lokubona ngezindlela eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa (kufaka phakathi esikhathini esedlule, samanje nesikhathi esizayo) liyisisekelo sezinganekwane ezidume kakhulu. Isibonelo, lapho iHayidese ithumba i-Persephone, kwakunguHecate, owayenethuba lokubona lonke uhambo oluya endaweni yabafileyo, ehamba noDemeter ngenkathi efuna indodakazi yakhe elahlekile, ekhanyisa indlela yakhe ngesibani sakhe. Unkulunkulukazi we-underworld Hecate waqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yePerphonephone, eyamsekela ngesikhathi sokuthunjwa konyaka. IHayidese yajabula ngokuba umngane naye, yambonisa umusa, yambuyisela njengesimenywa sayo, owayevunyelwe ukuza ngokukhululekile.

Ngokusho kwezinganekwane, wavakashela amathuna, amathuna kanye nezigcawu zobugebengu, futhi ukufika kwakhe kuvame ukuhamba phambili ngokukhwabanisa noma ukukhala izinja. Futhi unkulunkulukazi uHecate uthathwa njengomvikeli wecindezelwe. ERoma lasendulo, izigqila eziningi zadedelwa ukukhonza inkolo yabo njengabapristi emasimini akhethekile akhiwe ngodumo lwakhe.

Izisulu zeHecate

Isici esibaluleke kakhulu ekukhulekeleni kwamasonto kwaleli nyamakazi ezweni lasendulo kwakubizwa ngokuthi ukudla kwaseHecate. Wayesekulungiselela ukuvuselela amandla okwehliswayo okunamandla futhi agweme izinkinga eziningi ezingase zenzeke uma kwenzeka ezingeni elanele elithile lokuhlonipha (izithoko ezifile eziphilayo, isibonelo). Iminikelo yalethwa emgwaqweni wendlela eya esithombeni futhi yayihlanganisa imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi umuntu kufanele abonise ukupha futhi angalondolozi amaqanda, ubisi, uju namawundlu amnyama - yilokhu uHecate ayithanda kakhulu. Unkulunkulukazi womnikelo wahlanganyela nalabo abangenamakhaya nabangenamakhaya, ababephethwe yisivikelo sakhe. Kwakungokwesiko ekupheleni kwenyanga ukukhombisa izinhliziyo zezinkukhu ngenxa yombundu, ukuzinikela ngenkazimulo kaHecate. Umlando usho ukuthi ngubani owadlayo, kodwa ungakwazi ukuqagela ukuthi bajabule kakhulu ngamakati nezinja.

Iziqu

Ezingqungqutheleni zamaRoma, uHecate wayaziwa ngokuthi i-Trivia (unkulunkulukazi we-crossroads). AmaGreki asendulo ayemhlonipha njengonkulunkulukazi wokuzala nokuchichima, inyanga nobusuku izimpumputhe. Okuthakazelisayo ukulungiswa kwemfundiso yokuthi kungani unkulunkulukazi uHecate uletha ingcebo. Izicaphuno ezivela ematheksthini lasendulo zibonisa ukuthi:

1. "U-Goddess Gaia ngothando lukaNkulunkulu ... wazala i-Asteria, okuyinto uPerse ayeyile endlini yakhe enkulu yokubiza umkakhe othandekayo. Wakhulelwa, wazala uHezekiya, uZeyus indodana kaKronasi, owabahlonipha ngaphezu kwakho konke.

2. "Wamnika izipho ezinhle kakhulu, isabelo somhlaba nolwandle olungenalutho. Wabuye wathola isibhakabhaka esinezinkanyezi kanye nodumo lwawonkulunkulu abangafi. Ngoba noma nini lapho abantu abasemhlabeni banikeza imihlatshelo ecebile futhi bathandazela ngenzuzo, ngokwezifiso, ubiza uHecate. "

3. "Kuyinto enhle kakhulu ukuthi imithandazo iyamjabulisa unkulunkulukazi, futhi uyomnika umcebo."

"Futhi lapho abantu bezitholela ukulwa, unkulunkulukazi uzonika ukunqoba lowo amthandayo. Kuhle futhi, lapho abantu bethi banqobile imidlalo, ngoba unkulunkulukazi unabo, futhi lowo onamandla namandla ozuza ukunqoba kalula uzuza umklomelo ocebile ngenjabulo futhi uletha inkazimulo kubazali bakhe. "

5. "Izinkomo zezinkomo nemfuyo egcwele yezimbuzi, nemfuyo yezimvu ezinamandla, uma ethanda, yanda kusuka kwabambalwa, noma yenza abaningi bancane."

Abapristi BamaHecate

I-Euripides "e-Iphigenia eTauris" yabonisa ngokuqondile ukuthi "Iphigenia wayengumfundisikazikazikazikazikazi, wakhulekela iTaurus."

Umlobi onamandla u-Circe (Kirke), umlingisi we-Odyssey kaHomer, naye ukholelwa ukuthi ungumfundisikazi kaHecate.

UMedea naye wayengumfundisi futhi wayenezimfihlo zobuthakathi. Wadlulisela igama likaHecate eColchis naseKorinte ukuze amthumele: "... phakathi nosuku lonke wayematasa ethempelini likaHecate, ngoba yena ngokwakhe wayengumfundisikazikazikazikazikazikazi." Futhi futhi: "Kukhona intombi ... ukuthi unkulunkulukazi uHecate wafundisa ukuphatha amakhambi emilingo ngobuciko obuhle kakhulu" (The Book of the Argonauts, III).

Ekugcineni, uMedea wayala ama-Argonauts ukuba ancenge uHecate ngokudela.

Yayiyini iHecate

Ngemuva kokuthi bonke abafundi bafunde, bejwayele uhlelo lokuhlaziya olwenziwe lula nolwahlukana kubo abaphikisana nabaphikisanayo, kungase kube nesithakazelo ukuphendula umbuzo wokuthi iziphi izidalwa zenganekwane okufanele zithathwe ngokuthi unkulunkulukazi wasendulo ongumGreki uHecate. Ingabe isithombe sakhe siphumelele, noma yena, kunalokho, ukubonakaliswa kokubi kwendawo yonke? Mhlawumbe, isitatimende esinjalo sombuzo ngabe siholele ohlala eHellas ukuba abe uhlobo lwe-stupor. Iqiniso liwukuthi onkulunkulu bamaqhawe babekwa ngezici zabantu abavamile. Babethandeka, bahlushwa izilingo ezifana nezakhamuzi zaseGrisi noma iRoma zakudala, babefuna iminikelo yokuphana, futhi abazange bahlabe injabulo yabantu. Ngenxa yalokhu, babhekene nemibono yabantu abavamile. Omunye uzwela nabo, kodwa abanye abathandi. Yenza iziphetho ezifanayo mayelana nokuthi zinhle kanjani, zinomusa noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, zithukuthele futhi zinesihluku, zazibhekwa njengezwe elingavumelekile. O, kukhona okunjalo, kukhona, futhi umsebenzi wawuwukujabulisa kuphela onkulunkulu.

Futhi kuthiwani uma iSitembu Sokukhululeka singumfanekiso ...

Kwenzeke ukuthi izindinganiso zentando yeningi eplanethi yethu zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezimpawu zeNew World. Omunye wabo yiSitembu Sokukhululeka, esakhiwe ngumdwebi ongumFulentshi uFrederic Auguste Bartholdi, owaziwa ngokuthi uMasonic. Umlobi ngaphambili wahlongoza ukudala umsebenzi wokuhlonipha impucuko yaseMpumalanga futhi awubeke emnyango weSuez Canal, kodwa ke awuzange usebenze, kodwa wakwazi ukudumile kamuva eMelika. Yiziphi izici ezivamile nalesi sithombe senkulunkulukazi wobumnyama bamaHecate? Lesi sithombe sithatha isibani, esichaza ngokungaqondile ubumnyama obuzungezile. Inhloko yalesi sintazana ihlotshiswe umqhele, oqukethe ama-spikes acacile. Uma kuqhathaniswa lezi zimfanelo zeNkululeko kanye nezithombe zezithombe zasendulo zesiGreki, izinhlangano ezithile zivela ngokungahambisani. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, isithombe saseMelika sikhumbuza unkulunkulukazi wobumnyama beHecate. Isithombe sobuso besithombe sinikeza umbono wobuhle obuhle obungabangeli noma yiziphi izinhlangano ezihlukumezayo. Yini angayibheka emini ngemini futhi kungani kufanele ahlume? Yenzani le mibala ehlongozelayo, ehlanganisa ikhanda njengenyoka kaGorgon?

Manje kuwukuphela ukuqagela ukuthi yikuphi uBadholdi okwakushoyo ngokusebenza ngezithombe zakhe. Iqiniso lihlala likhona ukuthi kukhona ukungafani okungenakuphikwa okungokomfanekiso we "intando yeningi yendawo yonke" kanye nonkulunkulukazi we-underworld Hecate. Izithombe zalezi zithombe zilula ukuqhathanisa. Njengaseminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezedlule, bavusa ithemba emiphefumulweni yabanye, bese besaba abanye. Kanti abanye abakholelwa emandleni omnyama futhi balungele ukulwa nalo.