Isimo federal - ifomu kahle uhulumeni

Uhulumeni federal iyona ifomu eyamukelekayo iningi isakhiwo isimo-sendawo uthi ezinkulu noma uthi lapho labantu ibekwe nsuku kazwelonke.

Kuze kube manje, ososayensi ayinawo definition eyodwa isimo federal, Nokho, ehlaziya izikhundla eziningi, uhlobo isimo kungachazwa njengendlela isimo kanzima federal, ehlanganisa ezimbili noma ngaphezulu indawo zokuphatha, behlanganiswe isikhungo ezivamile ngesisekelo soMthethosisekelo. Njengomthetho, isimo esinjalo libhekene ezicini ezithile:

1. ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla - the "isikhungo" futhi izikhonzi Federation kuthiwa ezibekwe nguMthethosisekelo ikhono lakhe ekubhekaneni nezindaba zomphakathi;
2. Ukuhlukaniswa uhlelo lwezomthetho federal (isibopho sokuba bonke izakhamuzi zezwe) nezikhonzi zalo uhlelo umfelandawonye (isebenza kuphela ensimini ka isihloko umfelandawonye);
3. kokubusa emaphakathi isimiso somthetho sangaleso uhlelo yesihloko federal;
4. bikameralizm - izithakazelo yezihloko umfelandawonye ivezwa endlini engenhla ephalamende;
5. yokuntuleka izinhlangano zezomthetho inhlangano ukuba secede kusukela umfelandawonye;
6. isimiso lobuzwe ezimbili - izakhamuzi Federation futhi isihloko.

Likahulumeni namuhla isici emazweni angu-24, kuhlanganise eSwitzerland, e-USA, Brazil, Canada neRussia. Bonke adaliwe ngezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko: ushintsho kusuka ukuhlanganyela a umfelandawonye nsuku inkontileka, noma ingucuko kusukela inarha ebumbeneko a umfelandawonye.

inarha ebumbeneko nokazwelonke.

The mpikiswano ngalokho uhlobo isakhiwo zokuphatha-indawo kungcono walondoloza esingaphezu konyaka phakathi jurists. Ngokuvamile, ngamunye ososayensi ukwethula izingxabano zawo esivuna eyodwa noma olunye uhlobo. inarha ebumbeneko - iwuhlobo elamukelekayo uthi ezincane lapho isizwe esisodwa uhlala. Insimu kulokhu ihlukaniswe ezindaweni ukuthi angaphansi umbuso kwezomthetho eyasungulwa kuhulumeni. Yazi kwamazwe anamuhla ebonisa ukuthi ifomu ebumbeneko efanelekayo uthi multi-kazwelonke lapho iziphathimandla zikahulumeni anganikeza ubunye bawo.

Likahulumeni ngenxa uthi lapho inyunyana senzeka kazwelonke, indawo noma izithakazelo kwezomnotho. Kulokhu, isikhungo sikahulumeni ulungisa jikelele nezindaba zomphakathi ngokunikeza izikhonzi umfelandawonye ukubhekana nezindaba ethize kuphakama ngokuhamba nokuphathwa isihloko esithile mfelandawonye. Likahulumeni kungaba inketho ikhambi ekahle ezifundazweni ebumbeneko futhi esimweni "ukungqubuzana eqandisiwe". Nokho, kulesi simo-ke kuyadingeka kusengaphambili ukucacisa uhlobo inhlangano - le eyodwa (isikhungo - eqinile, isihloko - ababuthakathaka) noma usabalalise (isikhungo ichaza umqondo jikelele ukuthuthukiswa, isihloko ukuzixazulula zonke izinkinga).

Ebumbeneko nokazwelonke isimo namuhla amafomu ezivame kakhulu uhulumeni zokuphatha. Lesi simo Kuyaqondakala, kusukela lezi izinhlobo ezimbili zikahulumeni mahle ekwakheni isimo esingokomthetho.

Russia - isimo sikahulumeni.

Ukuze uthole imigqa enjalo ahlukahlukene kwezomnotho kanye yobuhlanga njengoba ifomu wezwe federal Russian isakhiwo isimo-indawo ukhetho best.

Kumiswa Russia njengoba umfelandawonye kwakubangelwa zomlando inqubo ukuthuthukiswa. Nokho, indima yokuhola le nqubo eyadlalwa 1993 soMthethosisekelo, lapho imithetho wakucabangela isipiliyoni ngaphambili futhi enikeziwe izikhonzi inhlangano amalungelo kunalokho ebanzi. Ngakho, ngokwale ndlela umbhalo kokuqala soMthethosisekelo Russian Federation iye usabalalise. Kodwa kule minyaka eyi-10 kusobala mkhuba ebonakalayo ebhekiswe inhlangano eyodwa. Lolu shintsho lihlotshaniswa ensimini enkulu futhi laqanjwa multi-ngokobuhlanga isibalo sabantu ezweni lonke, ukulawula ukuthi iyiphi kubangelwa isidingo ukubhekana izinqubo secession nokubukeka kwabo theory on ensimini ka-Russia. isimo Federal a ngesikhathi esinikeziwe iyahlangabezana nezidingo we Russian Federation, ukusebenza evamile ethathela emthethweni kanye amaphuzu wezomnotho nezenhlalakahle umbono.