Imikhiqizo ebalulekile emphakathini. Isimemezelo sikaHulumeni weRussia Federation kwimikhiqizo yokudla ebalulekile

Imikhiqizo ebalulekile emphakathini yilabo ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu. Ezingeni lesishayamthetho, akulona kuphela uhlu lwabo olusekelwe, kodwa futhi nendlela yokubiza. Njengoba inikezwe isithombe esishintshashintshayo sezenhlalakahle, uhlu lwezimpahla lungakwazi ukwandisa nokunciphisa.

Uhlu lwakhiwe kanjani?

Uhlu, olubandakanya imikhiqizo ephawulekayo emphakathini, lwakhiwa ezingeni likahulumeni futhi lihleli emthethweni. Lolu hlu lwakhiwa ngo-2010. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izinto ezithile zengezwe kuso. Noma kunjalo, kubathengi abaningi, umbuzo wokuthi izinhlu ezinjalo zenziwe kanjani zihlala zivulekile.

Lo msebenzi ubelwe izinsizakalo zenhlalakahle. Ukuhlaziywa kwenzelwa ukuthi yimiphi imikhiqizo edingeka kakhulu ezimakethe, ezitolo ezinkulu nakwezinye izindawo. Ngenxa yalokho, kwenziwa uhlu oluthile, olubandakanya imikhiqizo ebalulekile emphakathini. Umsebenzi kahulumeni ukukwenza lesi sigaba sezimpahla sifinyeleleke kuzo zonke izingxenye zomphakathi ngangokunokwenzeka ngokunciphisa intengo.

Imikhiqizo ebalulekile yomphakathi: uhlu

Ezingeni lesishayamthetho, uhlu lwezimpahla lubonakala, intengo kanye nekhwalithi yayo ehambisana nokuqapha okukhulu. Lezi yimikhiqizo ebalulekile emphakathini. Uhlu nezici zinikezwa etafuleni elingezansi.

Izinguquko ezizayo

Uhlu lwemikhiqizo ebalulekile emphakathini lulokhu lushintsha njalo. Amanye amagama ayanyamalala ohlwini, kuyilapho amanye agcwaliswa. Muva nje, uMnyango Wezohwebo Nezohwebo uye wakhathazeka ngokunyuka kwentengo yekhofi. Uma sicabangela ukuthi ukudiliva kuye kwaphakama kakhulu intengo, ngoba umsebenzisi wokugcina izindleko zikhule cishe ngo-40% ngonyaka. Ngakho-ke, zikhona iziphakamiso zokwenza lo mkhiqizo kuhlu lwabalulekile emphakathini ukuze ukwazi ukukhipha intengo uma kwenzeka ukukhula okungalawulwa.

Amanani wemikhiqizo ebalulekile emphakathini

Umsebenzi obaluleke kunawo wonke kahulumeni ukwakhiwa kwezinqubo zokuhlinzeka abantu ngempahla engabizi futhi ephezulu. Isikhombisi esikhulu esinquma ukudla okubalulekile emphakathini kuyinani. Ngokusho kocwaningo lwamuva lwezibalo, isimo emakethe yilokhu okulandelayo.

Okuncane mayelana namanani

Ngokusobala, umbuzo wamanani wemikhiqizo yokudla ebalulekile emphakathini usavulekile. Noma kunjalo, Isimemezelo sikaHulumeni sakha imikhawulo ethile. Ngakho-ke, uma kungakapheli ngenyanga izindleko zeqembu elithile lezimpahla zikhula ngamaphesenti angama-30 noma ngaphezulu, iziphathimandla zingazifakela izinsuku ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye ensimini yonke iRF noma isifunda esihlukile. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kuzotholakala ukuhlolwa okukhethekile ukuze kutholakale izizathu ezibalulekile zalokhu kwanda kwamanani.

Izixazululo ezibonakalayo

Ukukhishwa komthetho wezwe kwamanani kuye kwaphakanyiswa izikhathi eziningana, kodwa kusenaso isisombululo esisodwa kule ndaba. Kunesizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi ngeke kube khona ukushayela ngamanani wemikhiqizo ebalulekile yomphakathi. I-mark-up kungenzeka ibe yithuluzi eliyinhloko lokuvimbela. Kuye ngesigaba sezimpahla, singahluka kusuka ku-20 ukuya ku-30%. Akucaci, kuzosebenza emalini womkhiqizi noma inani eliphelele.

Ukuqhubekela phambili kumthethosivivinywa "Ngokwezinto eziyisisekelo zokulawulwa kombuso kwemisebenzi yokuhweba," singasho ukuthi, cishe, imikhawulo emakethe-up izobekwa emikhiqizo yomkhiqizi othile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isabelo samakethe kufanele sibe okungenani ngu-15%. Kuhlongozwa ukuba wethule isimiso sombuso isikhathi esingangezinsuku ezingu-180.

Okunye Ukulinganiselwa Okungenzeka

Abaningi bamaphini basikisela ukuguqula umthetho we-Federal "Emibandela Eyisisekelo Yombuso Wezenzo Zokuhweba e-Russian Federation." Ngokuhambisana nabo, ukuphawula okuphezulu emikhiqizweni yokudla yesidingo esiyisisekelo akufanele kudlulele ku-15%. Umkhuba wokunciphisa izindleko zamaqembu athile womkhiqizo wande emhlabeni. Izinhlelo ezinjalo zisebenza ngempumelelo e-Austria, eNorway, eDenmark nakwamanye amazwe.

Ukungabikho kwendlela enjalo emakethe yasekhaya kuholela ekutheni uphawu lokumaketha luphakathi kwama-50%, futhi kwezinye izimo lufinyelela ku-100%. Uma kuqhathaniswa, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi e-EU lesi sibalo asikho ngaphezu kuka-25%. Futhi ukuthi umthengi wayenesiqiniseko sokuthi wayengakhohliswa, kwaphakanyiswa ukuthi umdayisi wokugcina kufanele adinge ukukhombisa intengo yokuthenga eduze kwentengo yezimpahla.

Umbono osomabhizinisi

Abanomabhizinisi banezinsolo ezisemthethweni eziphathimandla. Yilokho, ekuzameni ukulungisa amanani ezinhlobo ezithile zemikhiqizo yokudla, izikhulu zilapha le nkinga ngokungafani. Ngakho-ke, ukukhuphuka okuqhubekayo kwentengo yamandla kagesi kanye nemithombo yamandla akucatshangelwa. Futhi ngalokhu, osomabhizinisi batusa kuqala okokuqala ukuba benze ithonya lombuso kumazimboni. Lokhu kuzovumela abathengisi ukuba bathole inzuzo enkulu ngenani elincane.

Umbono womphakathi

Iningi labantu abaningi baseRussian Federation bahlala ngezikhathi ze-USSR, lapho ukuhweba okuphezulu kunamaphesenti angu- 12, futhi uma bekuyimpahla ebalulekile emphakathini, u-8%. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi ukunganeliseki okuqhubekayo nokubaluleka kwamanje kwemikhiqizo yokudla. Kule ndaba, iwebhusayithi ethi "Uhulumeni WaseRussia" isithunyelwe isiphakamiso esilandelayo sokunciphisa umkhawulo wokuhweba.

Inkinga enkulu

Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, imikhiqizo ebalulekile yomphakathi kufanele ifinyeleleke kuzo zonke izingxenye zabantu. Lokhu kusho ukusungulwa kwenani lemali nokuqapha okuqhubekayo kokugcinwa kwalo. Noma kunjalo, kuyafaneleka ukuqonda ukuthi ukufinyeleleka ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukukhokha izinga. Emashalofini wezitolo kukhona imikhiqizo eningi, okuyizibonakaliso eziningana ezingakufanele ukusetshenziswa. Futhi lokhu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngezigaba ezithile zezimpahla, isinxephezelo sombuso ngenxenye yezindleko zokukhiqiza. Ngakho, kuba umbuzo hhayi kuphela kokulawulwa kwamanani, kodwa futhi nokuqapha kwekhwalithi eqhubekayo.

Imikhiqizo engewona ukudla

Naphezu kokubaluleka kokulawula amanani okudla, ungakhohlwa ngendima yemikhiqizo engeyona ukudla. Kuze kube maduzane (kuze kube yilapho umthetho ushintshiwe), izinto ezinjalo zezomnotho zazibhekwa njengento ebalulekile emphakathini:

• Insipho ye-Toilet;
• Insipho yokuhlanza;
• Ama-detergents asebenzayo;
• I-Toothpaste;
• Amabhulashi wamazinyo;
• Izesekeli zokushaya;
• Izikhombo (izikhombo zamabhola, amapensela nezincwadi zokubhala);
• Izesekeli zokususa (uhlamvu nenaliti);
• Ukukhanyisa kwe-incandescent (kufika ku-60 W);
• Umbhedi wendwangu;
• Izingubo zangaphansi.

Izitayela ezimbi

Izindleko zezimpahla ezibalulekile zomphakathi zikhula kancane. Njengoba kunikezwe indlela yokulawula ephumelelayo, kubalulekile ukuphawula lezi zindlela ezimbi ezilandelayo:

• Ukuthengwa kwezimpahla ezingezansi kanye namakhohlisi;
• Ukushintshwa kwemikhiqizo yasekhaya nemikhiqizo eshibhile engenisiwe;
• Isifiso sabantu ukusindisa, okuholela ezinkambisweni eziqhubekayo emkhakheni wezezimali.

Isiphetho

Okwamanje, inkinga yemikhiqizo ephawulekayo emphakathini ayizange ibhalwe kabanzi nguhulumeni. Naphezu kokuthi uhlu lwabo luboniswe ezingeni lezomthetho, azikho izinyathelo eziqondile zokulawula ukwehla kwamanani kubo. Okwamanje, konke kusezingeni lesikweletu kanye nezinhlelo zomphakathi. Kulolu daba, kubalulekile ukucabangela isipiliyoni samazwe ngamazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi uma kuthuthukiswa izenzo ezithintekayo nezomthetho, izithakazelo zomthengi wokugcina, kodwa nabanomabhizinisi, kumele zicatshangelwe.