Icala civil - hlinzeka jikelele amafomu nezinhlobo

Njengomthetho, kungumsebenzi ukuqonda zomthetho zezakhamuzi lubonakaliswa ngezenzo ezithile, imisebenzi okuyinto uqinisekisa isimo. Yeka ukuthi kuyiqiniso kanjani lesi sitatimende, uma sikhungo lesisemtsetfweni ezifana icala civil?

Umqondo icala civil

Ezincwadini jurisprudential zikhona izindlela ezahlukene ukuze yini icala civil. Futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, sigaba ngesizathu a emihle noma emibi.

Ngokusho abameli, ngaphansi Icala Civil ngendlela enhle okufanele ibhekwe njengelungelo isimo nakwabangenangqondo, lapho uthembisa ukuhambisana nezibopho zayo. Ngokuphambene, icala civil ngomqondo ongemuhle, ubonakala saphatha ethile okweletayo izinhlawulo elihlobene ne-kuwukwephula imithetho yokuziphatha okufanele.

Nokho, ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuthi umthwalo civil, ikhuthaza ekutadisheni izici zako ezisemqoka, lapho isikhundla:

- uhlobo olukhethekile of icala lomthetho;

- a uhlobo umthwalo kuhlanganisa isakhiwo kuphela isijeziso okweletayo;

- kulesi simo, okweletayo njengomuntu akufanele bejeziswa khona (isibonelo, ukusebenza ngempoqo);

- kungenzeka ukuthi kungaba nelungelo ephulwa (siqu okungezona impahla kanye nempahla), isijeziso kufanele kuboniswe kuphela impahla imigomo, noma ubani ibonakala ngokuqinile ecacisiwe nto, noma imali yayo okulingana;

- ngokumelene okweletayo-ayemkweleta zisekelwe ngokuya ukulingana.

Ngakho, icala civil kuyinto uhlobo olukhethekile olukhethekile isibopho sezomthetho zomthetho, okuyinto ayalingana umlingisi budlelwane emkhatsini ayemkweleta futhi okweletayo, futhi kuphela uboniswa okulingana impahla.

Indlela icala civil

Ngokuhlola kubo, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi njalo ukucabanga khona kokusebenzisa kuhilele ecaleni elimayelana nezakhamuzi kwegama elithi ngomqondo ongemuhle, okungukuthi, lapho umonakalo isivele kwenziwe.

Isayensi share umthetho 3 izinhlobo kuhilele ecaleni elimayelana nezakhamuzi:

- ukulahlekelwa idiphozi;

- isinxephezelo ukulahlekelwa;

- nokukhokhwa kwesijeziso.

Ukulahlekelwa idiphozi - sisebenza kuphela lapho inkontileka inikeza ukuthi kungenzeka uyisebenzisa njengoba isilinganiso ukuqinisekisa kuthengiselana.

Isinxephezelo ukulahlekelwa - kubhekwa ifomu evamile wemfanelo. itholakala yokuthi okweletayo ubophekile ukuba nxephezela ayemkweleta hhayi kuphela umonakalo oye wahlupheka, kodwa inzuzo futhi ilahleke. umshwana avumelekile ukuthi ukulahlekelwa inzalo inxephezelwa kuphela uma ubudlelwano obusemthethweni kwadingeka isici kwezohwebo.

Ukukhokhwa isigwebo uhlobo "isici ukuphepha" kuzo zonke izinkontileka ukuthengisa. Kulokhu, Igxila isinxephezelo lemali ngokuqinile ezithile imali ezimweni lapho efanele ukugcwaliseka izibopho iye uzibophezele. Futhi kulolu hlobo ke kungafakwa i isibopho sokubuyisela isizumbulu semali ne ukusetshenziswa ngokungemthetho izimali yizinkampani zangaphandle.

Izinhlobo icala civil

Ngokuphathelene naleli ngezigaba, kuyafaneleka ukucabangela division yayo zibe izinhlobo ezimbili: non-nezivumelwano kanye nezivumelwano. Ezinjalo a division of izinhlobo kuhilele ecaleni elimayelana nezakhamuzi etholwe ngokusebenzisa ezihlukahlukene izizathu nesenzakalo yabo.

Njengoba leli gama lisikisela, icala izivumelwano ngokuyinhloko usekelwe emisebenzini yasemahhovisi inkontileka nemibandela yayo. Leli qiniso kubalulekile, ngoba umbhalo sivumelwano ngokwayo usungula kuyini ukuhlukumeza, icala lapho izimo futhi kulokho amanani izobalwa. kuphakama isibopho sezomthetho Non-nezivumelwano kusukela tort nokunonophala engenabulungisa.

Futhi, kunezinye ngeengaba:

- inani labamba iqhaza by okweletayo - Equity, yobumbano subsidiarity;

- umugqa Sokuzivikela kanye okuxubile - kuncike owayebizwa yokulinyazwa.

Njengoba singabona, lesakhiwo kuhilele ecaleni elimayelana nezakhamuzi kuyindlela ephumelelayo umonakalo yezomnotho ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ungubani okweletayo sika.