Ukudluliswa Ukubambezeleka: umqondo kanye ilungelo ifa

ukudluliswa Ukubambezeleka - lisetshenziselwa ngokusemthethweni kule nomthetho RF. Ukuqonda okushiwo lo mqondo kubaluleke kabi, hhayi nje ngobe kutawutfutfukisa abantu ababehileleke kwezesayensi zomthetho kanye umkhuba, kodwa futhi ngabantu abayizakhamuzi ezejwayelekile. Nabo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kanye ifa, kuhlanganise ngendlela ukudluliswa, futhi wonke umuntu can. Ngakho-ke siphakamisa ukuthi uzijwayeze kwale mithetho ukuqongelela ingcebo yezinto ezibonakalayo futhi ufunde ezinye umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama yayo ebalulekile.

Umqondo ukudluliswa lezinceku

Ezincwadini zomthetho, ukudluliswa zithathwa njengeziNdawo ezingamaGugu isimo ekhethekile iya ezinganeni nelungelo lokwamukela impahla ngofuzo akuyona indlalifa, futhi abanye abantu ngentando noma ngokomthetho. Kuba kungenzeka ukufa onikeziwe, okwenzeka ngemva ifa inqubo ukuvulwa. Isimo okubalulekile ukuthi umuntu akanayo isikhathi ukuthatha izimpahla ezingokoqobo futhi angaphatheki singakapheli isikhathi esibalulwe ngumthetho. Kulesi simo, kungenzeka ukuthola impahla oseshonile benawo izihlobo zakhe siqu eduze futhi - ngokomthetho noma intando, uma kwenzeka. Njengengxenye ukudluliswa lezinceku indlalifa oshonile ngokuthi transmittentom. A self entsha, okuyinto abanalo ilungelo lokuthola impahla, ngokuthi transmissarom.

Ifa Umthetho we Russian Federation, ukudluliswa

Esikhathini umthetho isiRashiya, ekuthuthukiseni kanye Ukwamukelwa ingxenye yesithathu the Civil Code wefa kanye nezomthetho wezizwe ngezizwe yangasese, igama elithi "ukuhamba lezinceku" engakaze semthethweni. It wasetshenziselwa kuphela umkhuba zokwahlulela nezincwadi zesayensi. Yiqiniso, e-Code Civil we RSFSR ka-1964 (Art. 548) bahlola kungenzeka ukudluliselwa namalungelo okuthola ifa ezindaweni ezithile. Umqondo "ukuhamba" emthethweni ukulandelana Russian Federation iye yachazwa futhi eselineminyaka ngokusemthethweni ngo-March 2002, engxenyeni yesithathu Code Civil.

Ingqikithi ke ukuthi ilungelo isinqumo ingcebo transmittenta wabe transmissaru (esimweni sokufa wokuqala) emva inqubo ukuvulwa impahla. ukudluliswa Ukubambezeleka kwenzeka uma transmittent unelungelo ukuceba ngesikhathi sokufa kwakhe, ukuthi akuyona bancishwa lelilungelo enkantolo, bequest noma abalahle kuye ngokuthanda kwabo. Liphuzu lelibalulekile futhi ukuthi transmissar ukwazi ukuthola isabelo sefa ukuthi kwakudaliwe transmittentu. Uma kuwukuzikhohlisa kungaba abazolandela eziningana - bayokudla ifa ndawonye, cishe izingxenye alinganayo.

Izici yoguquko namalungelo okuthola ifa ukuze transmissaru

Ake sibheke ezinye izici "lezinceku yokudlulisela" indlela. -Civil Code (art. 1156, p. 1) uthi ilungelo impahla ifa uvele transmissara transmittenta ngemva kokufa, akufakwanga njengengxenye yefa lakhe. Okusho ukuthi, uma transmissar ozokufa, asikwazanga basebentise lilungelo labo ukuthatha impahla, ngeke uye ku izindlalifa sakhe. Kuleso simo, uma kunezinye transmittenta transmissary, isabelo oshonile uzoya kubo, futhi uma kungenjalo - izindlalifa, abaye bakhethelwa ukuthatha ilungelo ifa ngemva kokufa sabaqalayo testator sika. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyenzeka ukuze transmittent eshona ngemva kokufa testator, kodwa namanje kuze kube manje isikhathi ukuthatha ngenxa kuye ingcebo. Kulokhu, ifakwa ukubunjwa impahla yaso, ilungelo ayothunyelelwa umkhaya wakhe nsuku jikelele.

Ukwamukelwa ifa. ukudluliswa Ukubambezeleka practice zokwahlulela

Ukuze siqonde tbsp isikhundla n. 1. 1156, cabanga ngesibonelo esilandelayo. I testator wafa, kodwa wakwazi ukwenza intando, lapho wazwakalisa isifiso sakhe ukuba amise abazolandela ka yakhe half-brother nendodana. Ngemva kwenyanga kuvulwa lo mzalwane ifa wafa. Ngu indlela yokudlulisela lezinceku kwesokudla ukuthola ezibonakalayo lidlule kumkayo, owayenguyise indlalifa okuwukuphela kwayo we esigabeni sokuqala. Nokho, umkamfowabo washona ngokuzumayo ngaphambi kokuba ilungelo lakhe. Ngakho-ke, i-share eyinhloko impahla testator, okuyinto ekuqaleni ukweletwa kumyeni wakhe, uzonikezwa kuze transmittentu yesibili ekhona - indodana yakhe okwakuwukuphela kwayo testator.

Siqu impahla transmittenta. Yiluphi uhlelo uzoguqula izihlobo zakhe?

Uma transmittenta kokufa izihlobo zakhe nabangane ithuba ifa izinzuzo zakhe siqu ezingokoqobo futhi angaphatheki. Lokho, eqinisweni kuvela ukuthi abazolandela transmittenta endowed benethuba ukwamukelwa kanyekanye kwezinsiza ezimbili - nelisekhasini ngemva kokufa testator, nokuthi lapho lubashukumisela ukuze yokudlulisela sitholwa njengefa. Zombili lezi amalungelo zizimele futhi ezingase zithathwe ngokuzimela. Ukuthola siqu ifa transmittenta zizokwenziwa nsuku jikelele, okungukuthi, noma ngumthetho noma ngentando. Mshini yokufuna umcebo ngendlela ukudluliswa lokuyithola njengefa ukuhluka. Kulokhu, ucingo zizokwenziwa kuphela abazolandela ngokomthetho, futhi izindlalifa uzobe akhethwe kwesiyingi izihlobo kanye nezihlobo zomufi. Kodwa kukhona okwehlukile lo mthetho. Uma transmittent isikhathi ukuba amphuzise sisayine intando lapho yena waveza isifiso sakhe ukuze uthumele zonke izimpahla zaso komunye umuntu othize, kuso futhi izoya, futhi ilungelo bachithe ifa ukuze yokudlulisela. Uma okungenani ingxenye encane izinzuzo ezingokoqobo futhi angaphatheki ayicaciswangwa ngentando (izinto zasekhaya, ifenisha, njll), Ukufinyelela impahla kuzodluliselwa izindlalifa ngokuvumelana nomthetho. Kukhethwa abantu ukuba kwenziwe ngokusho igunya.

Ukwamukelwa ifa. ukudluliswa Ukubambezeleka: umbuthano wezindlalifa

Code Civil ichaza izakhamuzi ukuthi kukhona ngokulandelana yokudlulisela nizuze onelungelo elingokomthetho ukwenza non-impahla kanye ingcebo yezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngo Art. 1156 wabonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuceba, ekuqaleni ukweletwa transmittentu, idluliselwe ezikanye naye ezingu zomthetho noma, uma yonke ingcebo kwakuyiwona sengingene ngokuphelele, - indlalifa ngaphansi intando. Sekukonke kunezigaba eziyisikhombisa. Kulokhu, ubuso izigaba yesibili futhi okwalandela kungathatha ilungelo ifa kuphela uma azikho eziseduze ngaphezulu (noma ukwala libe yifa) kusukela ithuba odlule. igunya Ephakeme ekukhiqizeni ingcebo transmittentu ngenxa abe nowakhe umfazi noma indoda, Umama nobaba, kanye nezingane, kuhlanganise ongakazalwa, kodwa wakhulelwa phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe.

Ukuthola amanani ngokulandelana ukudluliswa abazali bancishwa amalungelo kwabazali

Ngokwe-Code, okungukuthi Art Civil. 1156, abazali abangamaKatolika musa ukufeza imithwalo yabo ngoba bekhulisa nokunakekela, futhi ngaleyo ndlela bancishwa amalungelo sabazali, kungenzeka ukuba ngidle ifa impahla umntanakhe ukuze yokudlulisela. Ukuze uzwisise imvelo inkinga, cabanga ngesimo esilandelayo. Citizen ufa ngaphandle Esenze intando. Uyise wayeseqenjini bancishwa amalungelo sabazali. UQobo izingane testator ongenakho nonina nomkakhe wayeshone kakade. Ngendlela ifa umthetho impahla kufanele uthole yakhe half-brother, lapha kwakuqhathaniswa nawo wonke testator wayehlobene ngokusebenzisa uyise. Endabeni ukufa womfowabo emva kuvulwa ukulandelana kanye ukungabikho incwadi yefa, unelungelo lokubamba izinzuzo ezingokoqobo futhi angaphatheki angene oda ukudluliswa transmittenta yakhe indlalifa esigabeni sokuqala - uyise, ongazange bancishwa amalungelo sabazali maqondana owalandela kamufi. Ngakho, kubonakala sengathi umzali uzothola impahla indodana yakhe, maqondana eyayihunyushwe bancishwa amalungelo kwabazali, ekuqaleni yayingenalo ilungelo lokuthola ingcebo yakhe indlalifa bengafaneleki. Ngokombono zomthetho, lokhu ehilelekile ulungisiswa, kusukela eqinisweni umzali bengafaneleki ifa impahla akuyona ingane akuyona ufundile futhi ayiqukethe, futhi ngemva transmissara maqondana nalapho engakaze bancishwa amalungelo sabazali.

Uyini isikhathi ukwamukela ifa?

umthetho Russian usetha isikhathi ngesikhathi lapho inqubo kumele kwenziwe ukuthatha impahla. He is izinyanga eziyisithupha kusukela ngosuku ukufa testator, ie kusukela ukuvela ilungelo ifa. Endabeni ukudluliswa lezinceku usungula isikhathi esikhethekile. It is kwikhompyutha kusukela ngosuku lapho wavula ifa. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi ngemva kokufa transmittenta kuyinto esingaphansi kwezinyanga 3, isikhathi sandisiwe umkhawulo (izinsuku ezingu-90). Ukuze kwemukelwa impahla elalingelamaFilisti transmittentu oshonile ngqo, usebenzisa isikhathi esiyizinyanga eziyisithupha, ibalwa kusukela ngosuku wokuvula yayo. Labo izindlalifa ngubani selishonile ukukhiqiza ingcebo ukuze yokudlulisela, ngokusebenzisa izinkantolo angase kubonakala ukusamukela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma inkantolo wathi uyabona ukuthi izimbangela ukwehluleka ingcebo ngaphakathi eshiwo isikhathi ayehlonipha ngempela, ukuphila ingabuyiswa.

Ukuthumela nokwamukela basuke bengabangane bengcebo ngelungelo ukumelwa. Uyini umehluko?

Ifa ngelungelo ukumelwa futhi ukudluliswa lezinceku - abayikho izindlela ezimbili ezahlukene ukuze ukwedlulela impahla kanye nemishini kanye nezinzuzo angaphatheki kusukela oshonile kuze abazolandela esikhundleni. Ake sibone ukuthi yini essence yabo. ukudluliswa Ukubambezeleka lihlukile ukubukeka ilungelo lomuntu yefa ngenxa kuvulwa ifa, ekuphikeni noma ukumiswa nezinye nezihlobo zomufi. Yena Ubuye kokuhlukanisa ifa ngelungelo ukumelwa, podnaznacheniem yindlalifa kanye anyuswe izingxenye izindlu. Okokuqala, ukudluliswa liqala ukwenza izinto kuphela uma kwenzeka kufa transmittenta, emva kuvulwa amafa esemqoka ye testator. Futhi ifa ngelungelo ukumelwa, kungenzeka, uma umuntu kudingwa wumthetho ukuba icele ukuthola impahla, uyafa phambi kuvulwa ifa (ie, ngaphambi kokufa testator, noma kanyekanye nalo). Kulokhu, ingcebo iya abantu abathile ngokwesiko labo enkonzweni yabo. Okwesibili, ukudluliswa zofuzo, ngaphezu ekuhlinzekeni ilungelo impahla umufi, ulungisa inqubo yokwenza ingcebo. Ilungelo ukumelwa, ngokuba ilungelo subjective of abacacisiwe, esungulwe ngumthetho, asipheli. Ekusebentiseni lamasu siyenzeka wesifunda ejwayelekile njengoba sefa evamile. Okwesithathu, ngokulandelana ukudluliswa ngeke ukushintshela ngakwesokudla transmissaru transmittenta. Uma ilifa lalo umfanekiso wanoma ngokulandelana phakathi indlalifa, owashona ngaphambi kokuba kuvulwa isakhiwo, kanye nezingane zayo, inzalo khona.

Kwezinye izimo, lo mshini ukuthumela ikhanseliwe?

Umthetho uhlinzeka okuhlukile eziningana, uma i-oda ngokulandelana ayikwazi ukusebenza:

• ngesikhathi esifanayo, kokubili ukufa - kanye testator futhi uyindlalifa;
• kukhona intando lapho testator unenye owalandela;
• transmissar uba indlalifa ayimpoqo.

Ake sihlole kubo ngokuningiliziwe. Isimo sokuqala ayikuvumeli ekudluliseni ilungelo lokuthola transmissaru amagugu njengoba ukufa ngesikhathi esisodwa testator; indlalifa akaphenduli isimo ezibaluleke kakhulu ukudluliselwa ukufa transmittenta emva ifa ivulekile. Eyesibili isimo: ukutholakala tando futhi aqede kungenzeka lo mshini yokudlulisela. Civil Code (Art. 1121, p. 2) ilungelo legator ukhethe enye indlalifa (ngaphandle core) uma die wokuqala noma ngaphambi kuvulwa ifa noma bhunkula it. Isimo kubalulekile lokhu isidingo intando yonke impahla, kunokuba zayo. Kungenjalo, ukudluliswa izotholakala futhi transmissarami umuntu uzobe ezikhethiwe kusuka kwesiyingi izindlalifa zomthetho.

esikhundleni isiphetho

Ngakho, esixoxe ngakho kulesi sihloko ukuthi lokhu ukudluliswa zenani elikhulu eziyifa kanye ilungelo ukumelwa. Siye echazwe kwesiyingi izindlalifa, isikhathi yokuzuza ingcebo mshini ukudluliselwa siqu impahla transmittenta. Safunda indlela ifa kwenzeka ngendlela ukudluliswa sitholwa njengefa. Sithemba lolu lwazi kuyokuzuzisa nokukusiza uma isidingo impahla ngenxa.