Eyesibili umongameli we-Ukraine leonid Kuchma: Biography, izithombe

Leonid Kuchma (owazalwa ngo-August 9, 1938) kwaba lesibili likamengameli Ukraine ezimele kusukela 19 July 1994 kuya ku-23 Januwari 2005. Wathatha ehhovisi ngemuva kokuwina ukhetho 1994 kamongameli, lanqoba isitha sakhe - umongameli eyisibopho leonid Kravchuk. Kuchma kabusha ukhethelwa okwengeziwe isigwebo seminyaka eyisihlanu njengoba umongameli ngo-1999.

izindawo azo endabuko, bese umsuka

Lapho eqala uhambo ekuphileni kwakhe, leonid Kuchma? Umlando wakhe waqala edolobhaneni Chaikino wezolimo Chernigov esifundeni. Uyise, Daniel Prokofievich (1901-1942) wakhonza njengephayona sapper ku eMpini Yezwe II, walinyazwa futhi wafa isibhedlela ensimini esifundeni Novgorod, lapho leonid wayeneminyaka emine ubudala. Umama uPraskovya Trofimovna wayesebenze ukuphila kwakhe epulazini.

kweminyaka eminingi yocwaningo

Leonid Kuchma ngemva Ukuvalwa esikoleni yasemakhaya wangena Physics-Technical Faculty (FTF) laseDnepropetrovsk State University, iziqu ngo nyaka 1960, ziqu of wemishini. Iqiniso ukuthi FTF kwaba ubuhlakani nzima, uhlobo ekolishi lobuchwepheshe ngaphakathi jikelele inyuvesi. Kuye eziklanyelwe sokuqeqesha onjiniyela ukuze usethe i-Dnipropetrovsk esifundeni eminyakeni 50 production ezinkulu isikhala-rocket. Ngakho-ke, iningi abathweswe iziqu zalo bathunyelwa ukusebenza Machine-Isakhiwo Wik Plant noma rocket CB "South", okuyinto-yalolucwaningo 50-60 oholwa abadumile Umklami Jikelele M. K. Yangel. Kukhona futhi wathunyelwa unjiniyela abasha leonid Kuchma.

Umtjhado ophumelelako njengenhlangano injini career

Angakanani amathuba okuba ukugqekeza isikhundla ubuholi Bureau, lapho eminyakeni ezinhle ukusebenza 20 eziyinkulungwane. Abasebenzi, eziningi zazo ezingase zibe abaphothula ehola amanyuvesi lobuchwepheshe eMoscow Leningrad, waba umfana Ukraine ngemva yesifundazwe esikoleni esiphakeme izinga lemfundo okwakukhona ngokucacile ngezansi? Kunjalo, akukho. Nokho, leonid Kuchma ngo-1982, bekulokhu Isekela Jikelele Okokuqala Umklami, elalilisha ngalesosikhathi V F. Utkin. Futhi ngaphambi ukuthi wayengumuntu party umhleli eminyakeni engaba ngu-7 ubudala KB, futhi kwakukhona abangaphezu kuka-10 eziyinkulungwane bangamakhomanisi party inhlangano yakhe, ukuze aphoyintimenti likaNobhala inhlangano Party kuleli qembu kwaba akubona leKomiti Central we CPSU.

Wayengaba kanjani aphumelele? Eqondisayo ukukhanya leonid baba nomshado ophumelelayo kwendodakazi ke induna technologist Yuzhmash kamuva wathuthela eMoscow, Ministry of General Engineering njengenhloko omunye amabhodi emaphakathi. Yiqiniso, ubaba wakwakhe esiphakeme wanikeza umsebenzi wakhe umfutho kokuqala.

Umsebenzi esikhathini Soviet

Ngokuvamile, noma kunjalo, kodwa iminyaka engu-15, leonid Kuchma, imukile unjiniyela abavamile ukuhlola umphathi missile ubuchwepheshe ngesikhathi Baikonur Cosmodrome e elisezingeni Umsizi Chief Umklami. Kuyinto, eqinisweni, a kakhulu futhi perpektivnaya (ngomqondo okunye ukwanda umsebenzi) okuthunyelwe. Phela amalungiselelo kwethulwa yena missile kwethulwa - kuwumphumela umsebenzi wamabhizinisi eziningi azihlanganisa esuka kulo lonke elaseSoviet Union, bahlanganyela ukuklanywa ukukhiqizwa lonke uhlelo nangomcibisholo, okuhlanganisa ngaphezu rocket uqobo futhi pad qalisa noma okwami, kusho zokuthutha, imishini nohlelo lokuphatha, telemetry, navigation njll Inqubekela sombiko ukuhlolwa nsuku zonke inhloko iziphathimandla ezivamile lempi eliphakeme eMoscow, kuvame wemisebenzi eminingi okusezingeni eliphezulu. Uhlala emehlweni nokuzwa, wonke umuntu uyazi, libizwa kwesiphambano-imibiko kanye nezitatimende izikhulu ezihlukahlukene. Ngemva kokusebenza iminyaka eminingana esakhiweni, onguchwepheshe ngokuvamile zidluliselwa esihlalweni okusezingeni eliphezulu okuthunyelwe baphakame inkampani yabo (noma elinye agency).

Futhi hero wethu ngo-1975 iyiswe sihlalo we-party uNobhala lokuqala "Wik" bese Yuzhmash. Of Party Committee isitshalo Kuchma waya yiPhini Jikelele Okokuqala Umklami KB ngo-1982, futhi lapho ekupheleni 80s umhlala umqondisi iminyaka eminingi "Yuzhmash" Makarov, wamiswa okuthunyelwe singenamuntu.

Ngakho, ngesikhathi kuwa eU.SSR, weza enomlando wokuba umphathi omkhulu, nakuba kulo umsebenzi wakhe, iqembu kanye ukukhiqizwa akazange adale futhi akazange buqhubekele yanoma yimuphi umklamo abalulekile noma ukukhiqizwa iphrojekthi.

Premiership ngesikhathi u-Kravchuk

Kusese 1990 ke inhloko iCommunist Party of Ukraine uVladimir Ivashko Kuchma ahlinzekwa ngesikhundla sikaNdunankulu, kodwa wenqaba, omema yokungabi nokuhlangenwe nakho. Sekudlule iminyaka emibili, futhi abaningi, kuhlanganise Kuchma kakhulu, kwaba sobala ukuthi izwe ngaphansi kukaMengameli Kravchuk elibangise kwalasha. Ngaphansi usongo yokulahlekelwa yikho konke ukuthi atholwe ngenxa ngokuwa kweSoviet Union, East elite Ukrainian ezibuthelelweko ophoqelelwe Kravchuk, Kuchma lokuqoka undunankulu ngamandla ukukhipha izinqumo kokuba amandla umthetho. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, e-Ukraine iminyaka eminingi angayikhokhi intela ngaphansi Tax Code, futhi ngokuvumelana esinqumweni iKhabhinethi of Izikhonzi.

Leonid Kuchma - UMengameli

Wasula kusukela yomnyango Undunankulu wase-Ukraine ngo-September 1993 ukusebenzisa umongameli okhethweni ekuseni ngo-1994 on a yesikhulumi ukuze sikhuthaze umnotho ngo nibuyisane kwezomnotho ne Russia nokuqhuba kwekuhlela kabusha okusheshayo emakethe. Yena unqobe impi ecacile ngokumelene umongameli eyisibopho, leonid Kravchuk, wathola ukwesekwa okukhulu ezindaweni zezimboni empumalanga eningizimu. Imiphumela wakhe ezimbi kunazo zonke zaba entshonalanga yezwe.

Ngo-October 1994, Kuchma waqala kwekuhlela kabusha wezomnotho, kuhlanganise ukususwa Izilawuli ngentengo, intela ukusikeka, azimele wamabhizinisi kwezezimboni nakwezolimo, kanye kwekuhlela kabusha ku control exchange kanye yasebhange. hryvnia Ukraine yethulwa ngo-1996, i-course yokuqala lapho dollar kwaba 1.75.

Kuchma kabusha akhethwe 1999 term yakhe yesibili. Lesi sikhathi, lezo zindawo ukuthi amnike ukwesekela okuqinile okokuqala, uvotela ophikisana naye uPetru Simonenko, futhi endaweni ngaphambi ukuvota ngokumelene nalo, kunalokho, okwamsekela.

Eminyakeni eyishumi we bakhe, wacishe minyaka yonke yashintsha oNdunankulu. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kubo - ke Pavel Lazarenko ugwetshwe e-United States, futhi Viktor Yushchenko, owafika esikhundleni Kuchma ngo-2004.

Phakathi nenkathi lwamanye amagama ayo amabili esiphezulu e-Ukraine uye wazakhela namanje esimweni imigwamanda zokuphatha kanye scheme zomthetho kohlelo. Photography Leonida Kuchmy likaMengameli isikhathi sesibili kukhonjisiwe ngezansi.

Indima obumbi sokhetho 2004

indima Kuchma kule crisis is akukaqondakali ngokugcwele. Ngemva emzuliswaneni wesibili ku-22 Novemba 2004 kwakubonakala sengathi Yanukovych ophumelele okhethweni ngokukhwabanisa, ngenxa lapho ukuphikiswa izingqapheli ezimele uphikise imiphumela, okwaholela "orange" lapho kugumbuqelwa umbuso.

Kuthiwa Kuchma acelwa Yanukovych futhi Viktor Medvedchuk (inhloko yawo ehhovisi kamongameli) ukumemezela isimo esiphuthumayo bese ubamba kunikezelwa Yanukovych. Kuchma ayizange. Kamuva, Yanukovych osolwa Kuchma esidlangalaleni lokuvukela umbuso. Ngemva kokuba amandla Viktora Yuschenko ngenxa i round noMthethosisekelo wesithathu ukuvota, lapho uhalalisele kuye ngokunqoba kwakhe alunikeza ngokusemthethweni amandla ukuze umuntu owayezothatha isikhundla kuleli zwe, kodwa ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho kwesokunxele Ukraine. Ngemva abasekeli Yushchenko wafonela Kuchma sika umbuso lobugebengu. Waphindela e-Ukraine ngo-March 2005 lingase ukusuka umongameli omusha waqinisekisa ngumsebenzi wakhe.

The last 10 Kwadlula iminyaka eminingi kunguye kancane sikhukhuleke empilweni zezombangazwe yezwe, cishe enganikanga izingxoxo, akabe zikhanyise kumabonakude. Ukube bekungekhona ukuthi izenzakalo eminyakeni emibili, cishe besingeke ngizwile yini okwengeziwe ngale ndoda njengoba Kuchma leonid Danilovich. Umlando wakhe kulekelelwa kwelinye ikhasi elikhanyayo, lapho ngo-2014 wamiswa njengephayona elivamile abaqokelwe ukumela uMongameli Poroshenko komuntu siqu ku Imininingwane Group zingxoxo e Minsk for komnikazi sempi Donbass.

Umkhaya kanye nempilo yakho

Leonid Kuchma Ushadile ukuba ULyudmila Kuchma kusukela 1967. Indodakazi yakhe kuphela uHelen ngishade Viktorom Pinchukom, a-Ukrainian oligarch umsuka abangamaJuda. Elena Pinchuk has a Roman indodana (owazalwa ngo-1991 kusukela umshado wakhe wangaphambilini usomabhizinisi Ukrainian Igor Franchuk) namadodakazi amabili Victor Pinchuk.

Ngemva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi, Kuchma avunyelwe ukugcina dacha uhulumeni e Koncha Zaspa eduze Kiev. Naye wanikelwa bavunyelwe ukugcina umnyuziki yabo kamongameli iholo futhi bonke abasebenzi, kanye nezimoto ezimbili zikahulumeni. Izindleko yokulondoloza engadini nemoto ikhokhwe kusukela isabelomali isimo.

Enye inkinga okubangela injabulo abanye emhlabeni umlingisi wakhe. Wayengubani Kuchma leonid Danilovich, ogama ubuzwe uma hhayi bonke abase-Ukraine, futhi amaJuda. Cishe, lokhu akunangqondo. Futhi ihambisa abantu bayo ezimfushane futhi kancane abafundile ngubani zinomgomo kuphela - kuyinto nganoma iyiphi indlela bosit shadow okubi lezo zibalo odumile njengoba Kuchma leonid Danilovich. Igama lakhe langempela nguye ngalo waziwa emhlabeni wonke njengoba umengameli eside ezimbili Ukraine.