Semantic Ukufundwa: izindlela namasu ekilasini esikoleni esiphakeme

New lizinga lemfundvo federal, yethulwa kuleli zamabanga aphansi naphezulu ezingeni lesikole, isekelwe esimisweni metasubject izibopho. Okusho Ukufundwa ikuvumela ukuba senze izinguquko ezinkulu ukuze okuqukethwe izifundo ezifundiswa, kutholakale izinga eliphezulu lemfundo.

Ukubaluleka ukufunda semantic

Okwamanje uthisha yena kudala izimo ezithile, inikeza abafundi bayo imisebenzi emisha, okuyinto yenzelwa isicelo futhi nje okungaqondile amakhono nolwazi. Sethu sisekelwe kulo mBhalo wentambo yokuxhuma, ngaphandle okuyinto akunakwenzeka ukuthola umphumela oyifunayo. Umqondo amakhono yokufunda, ezihlongozwayo Asmolovoy A. G., Volodarskoy I. A. ngaphezu isenzo jikelele kuhilela semantic Ukufundwa: izindlela namasu. Ukunikezwa okungaphezu nje omjwayele nabanye umbhalo kanye okunenjongo ukufunda, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho abafana akhishwa, ihlaziye ukwaziswa okuthile. Izingane uthole i amakhono ukuhlolwa nokuqondwa okwanele kombhalo.

Noma yimuphi uthisha yesimanje uyaqonda ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukufunda okunenjongo. Izindlela namasu zincike okuqukethwe isiyalo, kodwa umphumela kuba zonke izifundo okufanayo.

Umlando omncane

Ekhulwini lama-20, izazi zesayensi eziningi nothisha ezihlongozwayo ukwethula Ukufundwa esikoleni okunenjongo. Ngokombono wabo, noma imuphi umbhalo kuzomele uqale ukufunda bese ukungena essence yayo. Kunoma indaba wawunezinhlamvu ezicatshangelwe, okuyiqiniso, izingxenye lomqondo.

ulwazi oluyiqiniso, umlobi uchaza abalingiswa, isikhathi, nendawo yalesi senzakalo, essence yayo.

Ulwazi ishiwoyo ingabe akuhileli oqondile inkulumo ngamazwi. Kungatholakala kubhalwe kuphela igama elithi "kahle", ukukhishwa amanzi atholakala umfundi ngokuncika isipiliyoni kanye nolwazi kanye ngosizo izindlela kwezobuciko futhi izwi-izithombe, futhi lokhu kudinga nokuba kufundwe okunenjongo. Izindlela namasu letikhetfwe nguthishela, esekelwe izici ezingokwengqondo nangokwengqondo ezigcemeni zabo.

Imininingwane lomqondo kusikisela simiso imizwa, imicabango, kanye nemibono umbhali, njengoba kubonakala endabeni, okuhloswe ngaso bezibona ke esikoleni esiphakeme. Umbhalo yomkhakha owodwa, igxile Izinjongo zocwaningo, ukuqeqesha, iphrojekthi.

Ukufunda ngokombono bengqondo

Semantic Ukufundwa (izindlela namasu) iminyaka eminingi ukutadisha sina kwengqondo. Bayaqiniseka ukuthi inqubo, okuhloswe ngalo ukuqonda abafundi umbhalo ihlanganisa ukunakwa inkumbulo, ukucabanga kanye umcabango, ngeke, futhi singanqotshwa imizwelo, izimo zengqondo kanye nezintshisekelo ingane. Yingakho ukufunda semantic (izindlela namasu) e esikoleni samabanga aphansi kwathiwa ababhale kufakwe isizukulwane GEF yesibili. Ingane ithola amakhono anjalo phakathi nenkulumo yamaphuzu incwadi (inkinga), eyomsiza ukuzulazula kalula ngokusebenzisa ukuphila kwansuku zonke.

Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlaziya imibhalo ulwazi: imibiko, izihloko kuhilela ukwabiwa kabusha imicondvo lemcoka kombhalo. Ukuze sikwazi ukufeza umsebenzi, abafundi basebenzise ukufunda wokubuka. A inqubo efanayo kuvamile humanities. Umlando lisikisela kokucubungula izinto ezintsha ukufunda okunenjongo. Izindlela namasu ezifundweni Russian (ngaphansi GEF) okuhloswe ngazo zesikole amaziyo bayazi ezincwadini zasendulo futhi zanamuhla tetemibhalo.

Ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, kudingeka uthole olunye ulwazi mayelana into noma umcimbi, ukufunda kohlaziyo isetshenziselwa le. Lapho behlangana izinkondlo, izindaba, izindaba ezimnandi, izincwadi, izindlela, izincwadi zokupheka ingane akufanele zimane zithi ulwazi, kodwa futhi ukuba ingabe ngokusekelwe ulwazi wathola iziphetho yayo okunengqondo.

Ukufunda izifundo physics

Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi kukhona yini okungazuzisa isixhumanisi phakathi isiyalo lobuchwepheshe ezifana physics, futhi ukufunda? Othisha bakholelwa ukuthi ubudlelwano phakathi izinto ezikhona ngempela. Semantic Ukufundwa (izindlela namasu) e physics izifundo esingarhelebha abotitjhere ngendlela ezigcemeni zabo isithombe esinobunye kulomhlaba. Izinkinga physics is zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili: umklamo kanye logic. Ukuze ngempumelelo ukuxazulula izinkinga okunengqondo kubalulekile ukuqonda okushiwo daba, okunengqondo algorithm izixazululo. Futhi lapha ukusiza uthisha eza Ukufundwa okunenjongo. Izindlela namasu esikoleni samabanga aphansi esekelwe okuqonda sibonwa, kanye izifundo zesayensi yemvelo, basuke ngaphezulu ezihlobene nala.

Ukuze amafomula inkositini, amayunithi uthisha unikeza izingane umbuzo nezimpendulo umzimba, dictations ezincane ngokomzimba. Indlela efanayo wokusebenza kusekelwe lucela nokunikeza abafundi ulwazi mayelana into, ukubaluleka nobuhlobo babo. Futhi, izingane zinikelwe izinto nge izikhala. Kunalokho, guys okusekelwe olwazini lwabo, Udinga ukufaka imigomo noma izibalo. Umsebenzi onjengalona kusiza abafundi ukuthuthukisa ukucabanga okunengqondo, esekelwe embhalweni isigaba, ezinye amaphuzu ayo. Physics - isihloko yezifundo zezikole, ukutadisha okuyinto awunakuba khona ngaphandle kokuthethelela ukufundwa okunenjongo. Phakathi ukujwayelaniswa nombhalo yenkinga wembula umbono oyisisekelo, ubuningi engaziwa ekhethiwe, algorithm abakhethiwe izixazululo. Kukhona ukuhlanganisa okuqondile phakathi izimpawu ezishiwo embhalweni futhi baqonde okushiwo umbuzo lo uxhumano futhi kufanele uthole umfundi ukuba babhekane ngokuphumelelayo abangababi bemisebenzi yaso.

Ukufunda kwi humanities izifundo

Zonke abafundisi isiRashiya nezinye humanities ukuqonda ukubaluleka kokufunda okunenjongo. Izindlela namasu ezifundweni izincwadi (kusukela isipiliyoni) ukuthola imibhalo babe izici zabo ethize. Ngokwesibonelo, ubuchwepheshe bokuqopha nge "uchungechunge" abafundi esikoleni sabaqalayo. Luhilela ukwethulwa kokuqala zonke izingane indaba ke zonke 1-2 ikupha ekugcineni akha umbhalo ogcwele olulodwa. Khona-ke thishela, ngokusekelwe olwazini nasekuqondeni okuqukethwe usetha izingane ehola imibuzo ngokuthinta ekupheleni ezingeni nokwenziwa zokufunda. Kukhona izindlela yokufundisa ukufunda kanye umzimba ekhethekile umphelelisi. Le ndlela umsebenzi esekelwe endimeni yombhalo, iziphakamiso ukuze kuphelele lapho guys kumele abe nolwazi eningiliziwe ezincwadini esizifundayo okulindile.

Ukulungiswa kanye ukulungiswa iziphakamiso, okuyinto ekuqaleni uzongeniswa amaphutha okunengqondo, bese uvumele Ukufundwa okunenjongo. Izindlela namasu zezifundo yomlando ukuphakamisa GEF ukuqonda abafundi ngokuyisisekelo nangenkathi umlando nezenzakalo, ukubaluleka kwabantu. Le nqubo njengoba ukuqhathanisa, ukufuna tintfo letifanako kanye netintfo izici ehlukile imibhalo kusize nomfundisi yomlando kanye nezifundo social ukwakha guys abanesifiso yizikhonzi zabo.

Ukufunda geography izifundo

Lokha umadanisa izinto eziningana: imibhalo, izithombe, amamephu kanye Ukufundwa semantic osebenza. Izindlela namasu eemfundweni geography kulwazi umbhalo, esekelwe ikhono ukulungisa 'wokufundwayo' abafundi amabalazwe. Ngemva ukwazi ulwazi ingcaca guys yihlaziye, elihlobene ne ulwazi umbhalo, cabangela enze. Ifanele lesi sizinda, futhi indlela yokuthola material amasha njengoba ulwazi recoding. Ingqikithi yokwamukela ingadlulisa yayo elususa kwesinye isimo yokukhuluma kwenye. Kwenta sibonelo, emagama, imisho, izingane zidinga ukuveza umzimba, isimo sobuso.

ukufunda izifundo English

Semantic Ukufundwa (izindlela namasu) ezifundweni isiNgisi ukuze GEF esekelwe imisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, "KaMose" iyona ndlela, okubandakanya ukwehlukana "imininingwane yasebhange", lapho imiBhalo eminingi ukulalela. Uma izingane ukujwayelana ingxenye sihloko, bekhulumisana ndawonye lokuphinda okuqukethwe ingqikithi indaba. Ngokuvamile umfundisi English umsebenzi usebenzisa amanothi zabo. Ekubhaleni umbhalo ifasitela lokuzula (izifushaniso) e zesikole kwakhiwa amakhono kohlaziyo. Ngemva kokulalela umbhalo olunye ulimi, umthole oyoxoxa emfushane guys zavela, okusekelwe kuwo ukubuyisela imininingwane egcwele.

Izindlela wokufunda izincwadi

Lokhu kuncike esikoleni kuba yikhulu amaphesenti ukusetshenziswa ekufundeni semantic. Izindlela namasu abasemakilasini izincwadi musa ihluke kwezinye eyala zezemfundo. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho behlangana umsebenzi omusha we-classic, njenganoma yiluphi umsebenzi, izingane uhlukanise yonke umbhalo ku izigaba ehlukile (izigaba), esigabeni ukuthi isihlokwana ngasinye, uthole mqondo mini. Kubo wenze amaposi abo, okungukuthi, umqondo kuphindza acoce lembhali. Kuyathakazelisa futhi le ndlela ngokuthi "ukulangazela" ukuthi lihlotshaniswa ukuthuthukiswa ikhono landulele okuqukethwe indaba. kwakha Literary, poll, puzzle, ihlanganiswe uthisha umbhalo umsebenzi, ake ukwakha isithakazelo ezincwadini. ushintsho enengqondo kanye nokubuyiselwa ukulandelana kahle kuyasiza ukwakha uchungechunge ukuze uthole umbhalo anokuhambisana, umqondo ophelele.

Ukufunda ekutadisheni biology

Ekuhloleni izwe elizungezile njengoba Ukufundwa okunenjongo isetshenziswa. Izindlela namasu eziphilayo ekilasini lisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza nesithakazelo kuleyo ndaba, GEF ziyabonisa futhi kuvisisa we indaba wafunda. Ngokucacile isihloko kuhilela ukusetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene amatafula. Ngemva nokujwayelana ematheksthi, uthisha ubuza izingane ukuze ukhethe amaphuzu asemqoka kanye athathe isimo itafula. amaphuzu engeziwe lamaqhinga kutfutfukisa kufundza enenjongo izifundo biology, ukhethe umsebenzi yokuhlola. Ukukhetha ngakwesokudla (okungalungile) ukwamukelwa, abafundi bakhombise degree of nokwenziwa impahla zokufundisa, zokuqeqesha ukuqaphela umsebenzi wesikole.

Mayelana amasu nezindlela lokufunda semantic

Lo mqondo kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kuphela ulwazi lapho umntwana kudingeka. Ake sihlaziye Ukufundwa semantic (izindlela namasu). izifundo English uthisha ezama ukufundisa izingane ofunda lokhu ukugqamisa umcondvo lobalulekile umbhalo, ukwenza imisho ukhiye indaba ephelele ngolimi okungelona lwakubo. Uma ingane kahle izindlela namasu anomthelela incazelo ekufundeni, wayezokwazi ukuqonda impahla ngokuningiliziwe, ukudala izithombe zabo. Ingxoxo, mpikiswano, umcabango, ukumbumbuluzwa ivumela uthisha ukuhlela umsebenzi engqondweni yethu, ukufundisa izingane ukufunda imibhalo ucabangisisa futhi ngokuqonda.

Ukuze sicacise okushiwo iyiphi inkinga njalo kudinga nokuba kufundwe okunenjongo. Izindlela namasu ezibalweni ekilasini efanayo ekutadisheni ezincwadini zasendulo, kodwa kukhona ezinye umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama. Ngokwesibonelo, akwanele ukumane nje ukufunda umbhalo yenkinga, khetha leli qiniso eliyisisekelo. Izingane beqondiswa umeluleki wakhe, kumelwe ukhethe i-algorithm engcono ngazo zizozama ukuphendula lo mbuzo.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko lokufunda semantic:

• ukujwayelaniswa;
• yokufunda;
• ukubukwa.

Ukuze ukutadisha ukufunda elinesimo nokuqonda okucacile kakhulu abafundi esikoleni aphansi nezamabanga aphakeme amaqiniso kanye nezici. Ivame ukwenziwa emibhalweni, okuyizinto ukwaziswa okuwusizo futhi ulwazi. Guys esetshenziswa lwati lolutfolakele okwalandela ngokuphila kwasesikoleni.

Ukuthola okufana uhlose kukhomba impahla ulwazi ukhiye.

Ukubheka indlela ivumela abafundi ukuba sihlaziye izinto bese ulithole imininingwane ebalulekile ukuqonda okushiwo umbhalo.

Nge ukufundwa Kwenziwa komphakathi wesintu, akhuliswa ngayo, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nemfundo eyengeziwe. Okwamanje, ezweni lethu kushintsha njalo emphakathini, ukushintsha indima kanye nesimo sencwadi. Ngeshwa, zezenhlalo ziye zaphawula iconsi okuphawulekayo isithakazelo kokufunda hhayi kuphela abafundi, kodwa futhi phakathi kwabantu abadala. Cishe ngo-34% abantu baseRussia musa ukufunda, ekunqabeni nesiko lokufunda ezinganeni kanye intsha. Ngaphansi ejwayelekile federal wokufundisa imfundo yamabanga aphansi, ikhono lokufunda iba yi ebaluleke kakhulu esifundweni. Ukunakwa ikhokhelwa ekuthuthukiseni amakhono ejwayelekile, kuvumela abafundi ukufunda ku impahla yabo. ACU kukhona imikhakha eyahlukene ngokwemvelo, ibalulekile ngenxa izinhlobo ezahlukene ngokuphila kwasesikoleni.

Kwakheka semantic amakhono okufunda kuyoba isisekelo okukhulu. Ngalo, mfundi usethola ukubheka, ukuqonda, ukuhumusha, humusha, hlola. Okwamanje, ukufunda kanye kahle kwikhompyutha lokufunda nokubhala luyikhono eziyisisekelo abafundi, kubenze bakwazi ukuxhumana ngokukhululekile ontanga, abadala. odokotela bengqondo 200 ukuhlukanisa izinto eziqinisekisa ukusebenza eliphezulu ezifundweni izingane. Lelo khono lokuqala ubhekwa Ukufundwa okunenjongo. Izindlela namasu ekilasini-chemistry uthisha ukhetha, esekelwe inqubo kokufunda abafundi. 120-180 emagama ngomzuzu (for the ibanga lesikhombisa) ngokwanele ukuba athole injongo amafomula nezinkinga zamakhemikhali. ukwazi ukufunda nokubhala Kubafundi 'lingathuthukiswa ngokusebenzisa ukuqeqesha Ukufundwa semantic zezifundo yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali, ekufezeni umsebenti lowentiwako laboratory.

Yiziphi izici kule ndaba?

It ihlose nokuqonda injongo ulwazi wokufundwayo. Ngaphandle uthando evamile nge umbhalo, umfundi unika ukuhlolwa kwakhe, indlela abantu abasabela ngayo okuqukethwe main. Izingxenye zalolu hlobo kolwazi ekufundeni kufakwe yonke imisebenzi ukuqeqeshwa:

• ugqozi ukufunda eqala UDD siqu;
• ukwamukelwa bamatshe ngokuqukethwe UDD zokulawula;
• ekubeni nekhono lokuhlaziya futhi okunengqondo, uhlu lwamagama, inkumbulo kufakwe UDD engqondweni yethu;
• ngokubambisana neNhlangano ofunda nabo, othisha, esekelwe inkulumo, ungaphakathi ukuxhumana UDD.

Uhlelo esikoleni ukuhlukanisa isikhathi sokufunda ukufunda nokubhala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akubona bonke abazali abakuthola isikhathi, amandla, isifiso sokuzilimaza ukufundisa ingane zamagama, ukufunda. Zonke amazwi, ukufunda esemncane, bahlale engqondweni yomntwana, yakha silulumagama yayo. Uma akekho preschooler, noma abazali bakhe ungabonisi uthando ethi, ingane, kukhona izinkinga ezingathi sína esikoleni. It is hhayi kwakhiwa, akukho ikhono lokwenza imisho amahle lesifanele, exhunywe kwi impahla isimo-funda. Lapho ukufunda okuzwisisekako esikoleni yakha izithombe abukhali ngesisekelo okuyinto kukhona ukuthuthukiswa okwalandela kwengane. Ngaphandle ikhono evamile ukuba bazofunda le ncwadi, kubalulekile ukufundisa kwakhe ukukwenza ngokukhalipha. Novice "abafundi" abakwazi ukuqonda umbhalo ngokuphelele, ukwaba amanothi zabo, ihlukaniswe izinsalela. Bangase bathole kunzima ukuhlaziya kanye synthesize le wokufundwayo impahla. Isizathu itholakala nakho encane ukuphila, emotionality ngokweqile, unformed isiko izwi.

Ukwakheka kwemakhono eKufundza

AmaMethodisti ekushoyo izigaba ezintathu amakhono abafundi '.

Analytical kusikisela kusho, bezibona, ukuqonda yokufunda ukufunda, esigabeni sokuqala kumiswa ukufunda nokubhala.

Zokwenziwa elihlobene ne ukufunda ingane akuyona amaqoqo ezinhlamvu, futhi wonke amagama. Ngemva iza nalesi sigaba, livela buviyoviyo ekufundeni, ukuqondisisa umbhalo nokugcinwa inkumbulo ulwazi olusha. Lesi sigaba ekuso ngokuba ngomnyaka wesibili ezisafunda amabanga aphansi.

Automation libhekene i inqubo enhle kakhulu ukufunda, ikhono nokuzala umbono eziyisisekelo lokushiwo yindzaba, asebentisa indlela kwezobuciko kanye nokusungulwa. Ingane ukuphendula ngokukhululekile yonke imibuzo ebuzwe ngutitjhere, ukwabelana etholakele indaba nakho ngokomzwelo nontanga yabo.

Uma uthisha uzokwazi ukudala oyifunayo yokusebenza mode, ushintsho kusukela kohlaziyo esinyathelweni okuzenzakalelayo kuyoba kobuhlungu, GEF isizukulwane sesibili ziyafezeka ngokugcwele.

isiphetho

Ukuze preschooler ube yimpumelelo umfundi wasesikoleni esiphakeme, owakwazi ukuyazi kahle izinhlelo zemfundo ngokugcwele, kubalulekile ukufundisa kwakhe ukufundwa okunenjongo. Ukuze uthole imiphumela oyifunayo lwamanye imizamo uthisha sizoba esanele. azomsiza kumele afike abazali, umfundi ngokwakhe. Ngemiphumela yocwaningo kwezibalo olwenziwa ngo kohlaka ukusebenza zokuxilonga kwesizukulwane sama GEF ukuqaliswa ezikoleni zamabanga aphansi yesibili, ukuqinisekisa ukubaluleka ukufundwa okunenjongo. Isiza umntwana ukubhekana nenkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi zezibalo kanye ngokomzimba, algorithm of ukusabela zamakhemikhali, esigabeni ukuthuthukiswa ephilayo begazi, izinguquko uqweqwe, emoyeni, emanzini igobolondo emhlabeni. Esikoleni sabaqalayo, imisebenzi efana ngokuyinhloko igxile ekuthuthukiseni ikhono elihle lokukhulumisana nabanye.