Alehin Aleksandr Aleksandrovich: party, isithombe, biography

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Alehin - a umhlaziyi etemibhalo emkhakheni chess, yesine emlandweni emhlabeni chess iqhawe, Doctor Yomthetho futhi umuntu emangalisayo nesimo elikhanyayo ezibuhlungu. Life ka-Aleksandru Alexandrovich kwakungelula, wawugcwele ezihlukahlukene izenzakalo ezahlukene. Wasinda empini, wahlupheka ukulimala ezingaphezu kweyodwa, wahlala ejele impilo ongafanelwe, baphepha Ukudutshulwa washintsha eziningi emazweni.

Ngemva kweminyaka engu-abaningana ashona, inkosi wesine chess namanje omunye esingenakuqhathaniswa-class emhlabeni abahlaseli. Party ibambelele kubo babe yizinkulungwane amasu abadumile eziyinkimbinkimbi combinational. Ngamagama izikole bendabuko chess, Alehin Aleksandr Aleksandrovich kwaba umlandeli Mikhail Chigorin futhi upholavuthondaba eliphelele yakhe yangaphambilini umdlalo sobukhosi Hose Kapablanki. Njengoba kungenakwenzeka A.A.Alehina isikhundla sobala ku isitayela nokudlala kwathiwa sivezwe kula mazwi ukuthi wayezimisele ukuhlanganisa isu nge amaqhinga kanye isikhundla inhlanganisela, futhi yesayensi, uzama kanyekanye ukwanelisa izidingo isikhundla ngayinye ohlwini.

Aleksandr Alehin chess. Biography Grandmaster kusuka ekuzalweni kuya ukuvuthwa

Ngo-October 1892 ozala umholi yizicukuthwane Alexander Ivanovich Alekhine namadodakazi a yendwangu Anisi Prohorovoy watala indvodzana, yaqanjwa uyise. Ngo-1901 Alekhine Jr. owaba umfundi we sokuzivocavoca classical okuthiwa L.I.Polivanova eMoscow. kokuqeda ngempumelelo Sasha wakhe unekhono 1910 sihamba izivivinyo sekungeneni College Yomthetho Petersburg, lapho ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu iba umnikazi we isihloko titular kumeluleki induna.

I impumelelo yokuqala chess ensimini

Chess Alehin Aleksandr Aleksandrovich balithanda yobudala eyisikhombisa, akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi idlalwe ezingeni amateur nabantu ekhaya, kodwa futhi waba nengxenye inqwaba tournaments okhokhelwayo ukuxhumana. kweminyaka eyi-16 kwaphawulwa ngokunqoba umfana ngesikhathi umncintiswano kazwelonke ikhumbule Mikhail Chigorin. Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu, ngo-1914, Alekhine wathatha indawo yesithathu kule Tournament wompetha, okuyinto kweso iyiguqule ku ikhandidethi esiyinhloko isihloko iqhawe emhlabeni.

Aleksandr Alehin (Biography). isikhathi Military sika, ukucindezelwa

Le mpi yabadalela Aleksandru Aleksandrovichu eyodwa isilonda, St Sviatoslav ngezinkemba Order of St George, futhi izindondo ezimbili.

Esibuhlungu ngo-chess kwaba ngonyaka ka-1919. Ohambweni e-Ukraine Alekhine yena waboshwa futhi wagwetshwa uxhumano nezinsolo ne Abamhlophe ukuba badutshulwe. Ukubulawa kanye isigwebo wakwazi ukuphunyuka kuphela ngokusebenzisa uhlu lwezikhalazo H.G.Rakovskogo, ngaleso sikhathi wakhonza njengombonisi usihlalo we-CPC ye-Ukraine. Ngo efanayo 1919, iqhawe esizayo ngempumelelo kudlule izivivinyo yokungena eMbusweni namabhayisikobho studio, kepha akaqedanga izifundo zami lapho, ngo-1920 waba isisebenzi eMoscow Amacala Obugebengu uMnyango, futhi ekwindla kabusha oluthathwa ku lokho okushiwo umuntu ohumushela Comintern. Intuthuko emkhakheni umsebenzi nemfundo Alehin Aleksandr Aleksandrovich ngempumelelo ihlanganisa wokuzilibazisa, futhi ngokushesha wathandwa Isihloko chess Soviet Russia. Ukunakwa abesifazane chess umdlali futhi akuyona bancishwa ukuphila eshisa yakhe siqu. Ngo-1921 Alekhine ashade Swiss asebenzayo Democrat Anne-Lise Ryuegg, futhi nakuba umshado akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside, it kuyindlela engcono ukukhuthaza ushintsho isiphetho Alekhine. 1921 - unyaka lapho A.A.Alehin bathutha Russia.

isikhathi Overseas. Amarekhodi kanye ngokunqoba

Isikhathi esifushane kusukela ngo-1921 kuya ku-1927 Alekhine Alexander Alexandrovich isikhathi iqhaza 22 tournaments, 14 okuyizinto okunqobayo ngaye. Eliphawuleka kakhulu babe ukunqoba ezilandelayo le nkathi: 1922 - Hastings Tournament 1925 - Baden-Baden, 1927 - Kechkemetsky.

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Alehin, Ezingakanqotshwa iqhawe isiRashiya, kwaba umhlaziyi omkhulu. Nguye owaba umsunguli chess ekuqaleni 1 (E4 kf6), okuzokwenza kamuva ubizwe edume "Defense Alekhine sika".

1924 - 1925 edlule ziye zaba okwesikhathi onqobayo chess umdlali ngezinye izikhathi zifa ezihlukahlukene imidlalo kanyekanye. Ngo-1924, u-Aleksandr Alehin (chess) wamshaya New York, amaqembu 26 kuphela yayiqhutshelwa, 16 yayo yayingaphambi enqobile, futhi 5 yaphela a draw ngaye. Ngo-1925, GM iwine ithalente yabo Paris: 27 amaseshini yayiqhutshelwa, 22 babo umklomelo, 3 udonsa.

Ngaphezu ukunqoba undoubted e Paris, 1925 kwaphawulwa Alexander Alexandrovich ukuthola Sorbonne degree of Doctor Yomthetho.

Ukudlondlobala Aleksandra Alehina Hose Kapablankoy

I ngokuphelele iqhawe emhlabeni A.A.Alehin waqala ngo-1927, lapho iwine eBuenos Aires uzowanqoba-Cuban Hose Kapablankoy.

34 kuphela imidlalo ezazidlalwa kuhlanganise Alehin Aleksandr Aleksandrovich (amaqembu kanye isakhiwo sabo kulo lonke izwe) 25 Won, futhi 5 labo laya a draw. Ngo-1931, umdlali chess, ethola isihloko winner eYugoslavia kulo mqhudelwano ngamazwe, setha i irekhodi ngokuphelele kubo bonke isikhathi ukhona chess.

Ukuganga-winner

Kukhona Ezimweni eziningi lapho party Aleksandra Alehina kubange resonance ububanzi emphakathini emhlabeni chess. Ngesikhathi lo mdlalo ke ngokukhethekile esenzelwe amaphutha, breaking ibhalansi ngesikhathi uhamba sokuqala ngqa. Ngokwesibonelo, e isitolimende abadumile lesithupha kusukela Euwe kulo mqhudelwano yesibili ngo-1937 ngemva ejwayelekile 1.d4 D5 2.c4 C6 3.Nc3 dxc4 4.e4 E5 5.Nf3 esikhundleni washiya ihhashi lakhe olungavikelekile (5.Bxc4 exd4 6.Nf3 ).

Euwe wamangala futhi washaqeka ukuthi ngokushesha wenza iphutha futhi walahlekelwa ngokushesha. Ngo-1935, M. Euwe ngokuthi chess le mpi sesihloko izwe emdlalweni naye Alekhine Ngilahlekelwe 1 iphuzu, kodwa ngo-1937 yayingekhona nje Wamletha kumeshi, kodwa avuselelwa nge umehluko 5.5 amaphuzu. Ngakho Alekhine baphinde isihloko emhlabeni chess yinkosi.

A.A.Alehin - ngowokuqala chess-towner

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Alehin - the Grandmaster lokuqala professional owenze uhambo emhlabeni. Uhambo lwakhe wawuqala 10.09.1932 ku 05.20.1933 ngonyaka. Phakathi 9 izinyanga lokuqala Grandmaster idunyiswe khona emazweni 15: Mexico, eCeylon, Cuba, Shanghai, ePhilippines, USA, Egypt, Hawaii, Palestine, Japan, Italy, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Singapore futhi Indonesia. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange 1320 imidlalo, ngokuwina eyodwa - 1165, ukulahlekelwa - 65.

neminyaka yempi

Ngo-1940, umlobi-umhumushi yebutho French Alehin Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, isithombe ongawabona kulesi sihloko, sathathwa isiboshwa, lapho ophulwa kuphela ngemva sokunikela French.

umdlalo ezingakaze zidlalwe. Iqhawe okuphakade

Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, ungalokothi wanqoba inkosi yesine chess nengxenye 87 tournaments, 62 zazo ngokuwina ngaye; 23 okufanayo, 17 babo nazo okunqobayo ngaye 4 yaphela a draw. Ngo-March 1946 Alekhine wabizelwa ukulwa eU.SSR iqhawe Botvinnik. Aleksandr Aleksandrovich wavumelana, kodwa ukulwa neze ezenzeka mayelana ne nokufa ngokungalindelekile kwesihlobo omkhulu chess umdlali. Found wabulawa ngoMashi 24 egumbini eshtorilskogo "Park-Hotel" eduze Lisbon. Ukwahlulela emkhathini, kusihlwa ngaphambi kokufa Grandmaster umuntu edla. Ukuqagela ngezimbangela zokuziphendukela le nhlekelele ngabe akubanga njena, kodwa iningi chess abayithandayo babekholelwa ukuthi amaphoyisa ngqo nokufa kwakhe babehlobene kanjani. emngcwabeni Alekhine sika owaqhutshelwa e Estoril, kodwa ngo-1956 kwakuhlelwa bazingcwabe kabusha kwakhe eParis ngesikhathi Montparnasse emathuneni. Ku-zemabula itshe lethuna chess umdlali uthi ungungqondongqondo chess of yamazwe amabili ayizikhondlakhondla, neFrance neRussia. Washona, ingakafundiseki isihloko chess inkosi, engayitshelanga zehlulekile lokuketula sobukhosi.

Ngo-1965, umlandeli A.A.Alehina A.A.Kotovym wanyathelisa incwadi ekhuluma ngokuphila we chess abadlali kunazozonke Russian "White futhi Black". Ngo-1980, ukuphila omkhulu Russian chess umdlali iye immortalized kusekelwe oshiwo ngenhla encwadini amafilimu "Snow White Russia". Aleksandr Alehin - umuntu bazosala izinhliziyo zabantu bezwe amakhulu eminyaka, kusukela ngezinkonzo zakhe ukuze izwe ikhaya zibalulekile.