Isonto Nicholas Quay - Luhambo Murom

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, kukhona isiko eRussia ukwakha ayenikezelwe St Nicholas Chudotvortsu eduze nemifula. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi sekuyisikhathi eside bebheka bonke ongumvikeli izihambi futhi ngomkhumbi, kanye ungumsindisi ominzayo, ngaphandle okuyinto ke ngeshwa, ikhiphe futhi kubiza akuzona zonke ukubhukuda. Isibonelo ukwakhiwa okunjalo kungaba Nicholas Quay Church, elalizokwakhiwa e Moore.

Isonto ku osebeni Oka

Igama isonto "Quay" kungenxa indawo yayo ebhange okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi olunothile we Oka. By endleleni, it is ngokuvamile edume ukubizwa ngokuthi kokubili "Nicolas ukumanzisa". Lokhu okungukuthi kancane unceremonious igama isonto ngoba ngesikhathi eneziyaluyalu entwasahlobo Impophoma yamanzi liyaphuma ukuba iningi layo izindonga.

ngezansi nje esontweni, esinqeni egqumeni lapho itholakala, ishaya imithombo babekholelwa ngokuyisimangaliso. Ukunikela uthi eceleni kwakhe ama-pilgrim zenzisa kwaba ngokuphindaphindiwe Saint Nicholas yena. On zokuphulukisa eziningi ezenzeka ngemva dive kulawo manzi ukuphulukisa, sekuyisikhathi eside edume. Namuhla, umthombo ifakwe ukugeza kahle, futhi liholela ezitebhisini, lapho ungakwazi makehle ngokuqondile izindonga zethempeli.

eyandulela Ngokhuni wethempeli zamanje

Njengoba ngokuvamile kwenzeka, owandulela wamanje itshe isonto kwaba lokhuni Isonto, okuyinto Imininingwane okungukuthi hhayi waqhubeka isikhathi ukwakhiwa. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala kakhulu kuyo imibhalo esekhona zomlando ezihlobene ngekhulu XVI. Ukukhuluma ngakho kuphela nesitfunti, idokhumenti akukuniki isithombe esiphelele.

Okuningi ulwazi kulokhu kwaba okubizwa ngokuthi umbhali amabhuku Murom, ukulungiswa olwaqala ngemva kwekhulu leminyaka. Kusukela kucace ukuthi Nicholas Quay Church kwadingeka ezimbili yesonto, futhi eduze kwalo kwakukhona eyodwa ngaphezulu, ezifana izinkuni, kodwa abazinikele e osanta ka Solovki Zosima futhi Savvatiy.

isithembiso abangcwele indodana ngothando

On umlando ukwakhiwa isonto itshe behlonipha St Nicholas okulandelayo waziwa. Ngo-1700, Moore wafika evela eMoscow IsAm Dimitry Hristoforov. Ubizwa benamandla ngenhloso abhebhezela inkumbulo uyise abasanda kushona, owakhonza njengelungu Umphathi zokhuni kakhulu St Nicholas Church, okuyinto okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla. Futhi ukwenza lokhu wanquma ngokufanele sikala izakhamizi inhlokodolobha sika - kuleyo minyaka eMoscow bekulokhu inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia.

indodana abanothando engumKristu oyisibonelo uNkulunkulu futhi bakhetha ukukwaka esizeni a agugile kakhulu ngesikhathi yesonto, eyasebenza njengodonga uyise, isonto elisha itshe. Kusobala ukuthi nenhloso enjalo ezinhle ibe isizinda nezinto ezibonakalayo ezanele, njengoba izimali ukwakhiwa kwakudinga ukuba umuntu asebenze. Khona-ke wacela kobuholi Sabefundisi imvume ukuze bafeze imisebenzi.

Ngokuphambene isimemezelo inkosi sika

Ukucutshungulwa lolu daba kungokokwakhiwa eyinkimbinkimbi ezithile, futhi incwadi uyibusisile, futhi kalula nje leli zwi lesinqumo, uyise Dimitri wathola iminyaka eyisikhombisa kuphela kamuva, ngo-1707. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngaleso sikhathi isinyathelo esinqumweni Tsar uPetru mina, owawenqabela ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo itshe kulo lonke elaseRussia ngaphandle nekomkhulu lalo esizayo Petersburg.

Ngakho, isicelo esinjalo engathathwa njengoba kwakwakhiwa futhi uzame ukwakhiwa yesonto itshe njengombukiso yokungalaleli nedozvolitelnoe. Kodwa noma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi uvumelane, futhi isibusiso wamukelwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngaphandle kokulibala, umpristi, wathatha icebo lakhe.

Ukugcwaliswa imisebenzi nokwenza umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo okwengeziwe

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa mayelana nendlela yokwakha isonto netshe lokukhubekisa St Nicholas Quay futhi ukuthi hramozdatelya zenzisa ngokwayo (njengasezinsukwini ubudala Kunesitayela abakhi ethempelini) ihlanganisa zonke izindleko noma basizwe abanikeli yokuzithandela zazingaziwa. Nokho, waqhubeka njengenjwayelo, futhi ngemva kweminyaka elikhomba, ngo-1714, ngaphansi kophahla omisiwe iconostasis elalisanda kwakhiwa futhi ngokulambisa akhululwa emahlathini isonto ezibaziweyo.

Ngaleyo minyaka, ku Annunciation Monastery Murom ayephila futhi wasebenza edumile Russian master umdwebi Aleksandr Ivanovich Kazantsev, lathola udumo njengoba okwakhe yomsebenzi wakhe ongaphezu kovamile. Ukuze esisha esakhiwa ku-osebeni Oka St Nicholas Church, wayegcwalisa isithombe sibyls nambili - abaprofethikazi lasendulo, wabikezela ukuvela kaJesu Kristu ngoba emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba azalwe.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi phakathi neminyaka engu-khona, ibandla St Nicholas Quay ngenxa ubumpofu besonto lakhe kabusha okuncane, kodwa namanje ekhulwini XIX, imisebenzi ethile uveza. Okuningi ku 1803, isonto ungeze Refectory nge indlwana yokudumisa Descent of uMoya oNgcwele, futhi kamuva cishe isigamu sekhulu leminyaka, kunesinye, abangcweliselwe, kulokhu yokudumisa ongumvikeli izilwane umfel 'ukholo Blasius. Lokhu kwakwenziwa ngesicelo abacebile abanikeli - abathengisi Suzdaltseva, Murom izinkomo ezinkulu nomthengisi.

Isiphetho yebandla nenkathi yamaSoviet

Nge Ukuza ukuze amandla amaBolshevik Muromskaya bhishobhi okwehlele okufanayo izinkathazo zonke Russian Lobu-Orthodox. Angazi uhlale kude nabo, futhi ibandla St Nicholas Quay. Yena kuqhathaniswa lucky kuphela wakwazi ukuhlala lamathempeli ambalwa ukusebenza kuze 1940. Khona-ke, ngaphambi nje kwempi wavalwa, futhi aluzange luzivuselele yokukhulekela ngisho esikhathini lapho ukuze kukhushulwe umoya ubuzwe ubunye besizwe, uStalin phakathi kakhulu ezinzima lokulwa, luhlelwe ukubuya ethembekileyo, abanye ethathwe yabo amathempeli.

Ziphangwe, ake ibandla St Nicholas Quay (Moore) uye amelana zamashumi amahlanu okuqala, lapho iziphathimandla zedolobha necebo umbono ukuhlela e izindonga yayo epulazini yenkukhu. Ngemva kwalokho, iminyaka engamashumi amabili, lo vaults, kanye ngizwa chants umthandazo benanela clucking izikhukhukazi.

Khona-ke, ngenxa enezimpiko ipulazi eyakhelwe entsha izakhiwo, kanye St Nicholas isonto e Murom Quay sekuye kwasetshenziswa njengoba izimpahla omuzi Museum, okuyinto izindlu izibonelo lokhuni ebaziwe. Kunesikhathi lapho wazama ukwandisa ezindongeni embukisweni enikelwe indima eyadlalwa Eye empilweni kwezomnotho kanye namasiko yezwe, kodwa ekuqaleni ngokuqondene nangeminye imisebenzi yasendlini ukuze akugcini lapho. Kuze nineties zakuqala, ithempeli yasala dengwane wema lingamanxiwa.

ukuhlelwa kabusha

Lapho, ekugcineni, ngenxa izitayela ezintsha yokwakha kabusha ashintsha izinkambiso uhulumeni maqondana esontweni, futhi ukholwa ngisho nalabo emsebenzini ngaphambi benenkinga nezidakamizwa zenkolo, awuphanga futhi bawona amathempeli kwaqala ukubuyela abanikazi babo bangaphambili. Phakathi kwazo kwakukhona St Nicholas Quay Church, omlando wakhe kusukela lapho isibe obonakalisa izinqubo eziye likhungethwe nineties lonke lelo zwe.

Ukubuya ukubukeka yangaphambili yethempeli

Ngo-1991, isonto aba ingxenye yaleso uVladimir-Suzdal bhishobhi, waqala zokuluthola kusukela kuleso sikhathi. Ikakhulukazi, kwaba nenani elikhulu umsebenzi wokuvuselela, sivunyelwa ukuba sibuyele efomini yakhe yasekuqaleni. Ngenxa yalokho, namuhla ibandla St Nicholas Quay, izithombe okuyinto ethulwa esihlokweni, ngokugcwele oluhambisana ukubukeka ukuthi usezuze ngokuhamba ukulungiswa, akhiqizwa phakathi XIX leminyaka.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukwakhiwa kusekelwe lukaKhisimusi isilinganiso Russian domes emihlanu ngaleso sikhathi, a baxgeki kunjalo okukhulunywe isitayela baraque eMoscow. Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu izici mbumbulu zokuhlobisa kanye Interiors.

ONgcwele, darivshaya abantu isihe

Phakathi amathempeli amaningi ekhona namuhla Murom umhlaba omunye avakashelwa yilona ibandla St Nicholas Quay. Izibuyekezo kwesokunxele ukuba amvakashele zesonto, ukubonisa ikakhulu ngemizwa zenkolo, bangana bonke ababeza bakhulekele izinsalela oNgcwele Zilungile Iulianii Lazarevskoy, wathutha lapha ngo-1993.

Lokhu ugodnitsa sikaNkulunkulu, senziwe yakhe umsebenzi ngendlela ngesihluku futhi ngonya wokubusa Ivana Groznogo, lapho ezephulwayo zonke izimiso somKristu nobuntu, yena won umqhele wobungcwele ngokunembile ngenxa yomusa nesihawu. Ukunikezela ukuphila kwakhe ekusizeni abasezimweni nabahluphekile, ke ikufakazele ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ezingokoqobo umhlaba ophila kuwo indoda - umqhele indalo kaNkulunkulu, kungaba futhi kumelwe alondoloze into efana Kristu.

Futhi ekugcineni kubo bonke abanesithakazelo kule esontweni St Nicholas Quay, indlela ukufika kulo, ake sicabangele. Izakhamuzi zenhloko-dolobha kungathatha isitimela esukela Kazan sesitimela e Kazan isiqondiso. Bonke uyasifeza Moore. Liphinde lunikeze ujantshi ibhasi nemizila Petersburg, Ryazan, Nizhny Novgorod, uVladimir nakwamanye amadolobha. Ngesikhathi Murom efanayo ukuthola isonto ilula, into esemqoka ukukhumbula ikheli: ul. Plekhanov, d. 27a.