Ancient Greece - ezweni emangalisayo. isiko wakhe athuthukile iye yaba nendima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni impucuko izwe. indlela aphathelene nezinganekwane yokucabanga esivela Abantu bangaleso sikhathi, wabeletha inkolo lapho iningi eyinkimbinkimbi okwakuthandelene abangamaqaba, izinkolelo totem, ukukhulekelwa okhokho nethonya imibono bezinye izizwe, lapho amaGreki asendulo wathinta. "The Odyssey" futhi "Iliad", imisebenzi Hesiod, amathempeli amaningi, eziqoshiwe onkulunkulu, izithombe - lawa imithombo lapho singafunda okuningi mayelana Hellas okukhulu.
Sitfombe jikelele futhi ngiqaphele
At inhliziyo ukwazi lasezinganekwaneni amaGreki asendulo futhi amasiko abo amanga lwemibono isikhala njengoba izwe ethile ephilayo. Ngo isayensi lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi Animate cosmologism njengabantu abahlakaniphile ngokwezwe. Umkhathi ne amaplanethi, izinkanyezi nemilaza kanye Umhlaba ngokwawo nazo zonke izinto, wawubonakala ungacacisi kubo baphile, ilungelo lokuzikhethela isizathu nokuqukethwe ezingokomoya. Imithetho kanye emvelo samuntu amaGreki ngo izithombe lonkulunkulu basendulo - kusukela komkhulu kusiya komncinyane, nezisebenzi nabasizi, namaqhawe futhi Titans. Izwe lonke futhi konke okwenzekayo ke amaGreki waqonda njengoba imfihlakalo grand, efana play, babedlala out esigabeni zokuphila izigcawu. Abalingisi kulo ukwenza njenge bantu ngokwabo, futhi unkulunkulu ukuzilawula. Onkulunkulu babeseduze esingekude kakhulu kubantu. Yayikhumbuza yabo ukubukeka, imikhuba, izici, imikhuba. Ngenxa yokuthi amaGreki wasendulo sasibonisa inselelo ukungamlaleli futhi anqobe! Le nkululeko siye ayitholakalanga kwezinye izinkolo.
onkulunkulu saphezulu
Bokuqala lonkulunkulu basendulo ngesiGreki, ikakhulukazi unkulunkulu eHayidese, ahlanganiswe nama-izinkolo ezivamile Indo-European ezazikhona ngalezo zinsuku. Abacwaningi baye bathola kufana ngezindlela eziningi nokwethu phakathi Indian, isibonelo, nabakhileyo Hellenic wezulu. Lapho izinganekwane inkolo yaqala sifake konke eduze ezingqondweni zabantu, bonke onkulunkulu ngesiGreki ligcwele 'abaqashi "entsha. Kwakumelwe amaqhawe izinganekwane kanye izinganekwane. Ngakho, bakudala yobuqaba cosmogony wahlanganyela kamuva yenkolo isikhathi. Futhi Olympus kakhulu, okuyinto siyazi kusukela imisebenzi yobuciko, nazo zonke izakhamuzi zakhona kwamiswa hhayi ngesikhathi esisodwa.
isizukulwane wonkulunkulu
Esikhathini kela onkulunkulu abaningi lasendulo ukuhlukanisa phakathi izizukulwane abadala. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka libhekisela Chaos - esigayegayeni lingcolile, okuyinto ke ozalwa abanye. Out of the chaos owadala umhlaba - incarnation saso esivela kuNkulunkulu amaGreki ngokuthi Gaia. unkulunkulukazi ebusuku - akekho - ukubukeka kwayo owamenyezelwa ushintsho isikhathi sosuku. EThartharusi belusizi baba samuntu igama elithi "kwalasha". Kamuva, esidalweni wasenganekwaneni, uyoba isikhala ebumnyameni obungapheli, okuyinto ilawulwa unkulunkulu iHayidesi. Wazalelwa esiphithiphithini kanye Eros - samuntu kothando. Isizukulwane ephakeme amandla amaGreki yesibili kubhekwe abantwana bakwa-Gaia futhi Kronos titanium. Kwakumelwe Uranus - umbusi kwesibhakabhaka, ePhontu - wabobonke yangaphakathi ezilwandle, unkulunkulu eHayidesi - umnikazi wezwe lemimoya, futhi ngokuthi uZeyusi, Poseidon, Hypnos nezinye Olympian eziningi. Ngamunye wabo "ihogela ithonya" ayo, obukhethekile nomunye futhi nabantu.
amagama unkulunkulu
Nkulunkulu eHayidesi anezinye amagama siqu. AmaGreki walibiza ngokuthi eHayidesi, futhi njengoba i-Pluto in izinganekwane Roman yena waziwa - elikhulu, izinyonga, abamnyama, kepha wesabeka, sesabeka. Futhi ekugcineni, Polidegmon (kusuka "Polly" - okuningi, "degmon" - indlu), okusho ukuthi, "eziningi ihlanganise", "kokuthola eziningi" ... Yini ubuqonde ubudala? Kuphela yokuthi iSonto LamaGreki unkulunkulu eHayidesi wahola umbuso sabafileyo. Ngo "bhishobhi" yakhe yabona yonke imiphefumulo abaye bashiya leli zwe. Yilokho-ke kungani ophethe "abaningi", futhi ezimweni ezingajwayelekile lapho umuntu angakwazi emuva. A kwencazelo "eziningi ithatha, othola izipho" lihlotshaniswa inganekwane: Yonke imiphefumulo ngaphambi kokuthuthela emzini wabo omusha, ukuthi ngincome esiphathiswa Charon. Iphinde elawula kankulunkulu wamaGreki iHayidesi. Ngakho, lezo zinhlamvu ezinikeza umphefumulo kokuwela Styx, hambani ningene igadle kwezwakala nasezimalini umbusi embusweni efile. Ngoba, ngasendleleni, futhi kwakuyisiko eGrisi lasendulo: engcwaba abafileyo nge "iminikelo".
IHayidese eHayidese
Kungani eHayidesi - nonkulunkulu wabafileyo? Kwenzeka kanjani ukuba yasezulwini wakhetha abode esingenathemba? Cronus, owesaba mncintiswano, wadla abantwana bakhe. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, zabulawa ezehlela Aida. Ngokusho kwezinye izazi eziningi zasendulo, abazali okuhlukumezayo badela ingane yabo kwalasha lapho bengeke benze eThartharusi. Lapho onkulunkulu abancane bevukela amadala, kwakukhona ababethanda i nabangenasihawu phakathi kwazo. Sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka abantu abaningi bashona ngesikhathi impi, kodwa ngokuthi uZeyusi, Poseidon nabanye abantwana bakwa-Kronos inqobe eside elindelwe. Khona-ke bakhipha iziboshwa, wagumbuqela uyise wambeka, the Titans futhi Cyclopes endaweni iziboshwa yamuva, futhi umhlaba wonke uhlukaniswe "ayezozibusa". ngenxa uZeyusi - Nkosi yezulu wonke amabutho ephakeme, neHayidesi - lemimoya, othiwa futhi. Poseidon ukuthatha esandleni kuzo zonke izingxenye amanzi. Abazalwane banquma elawula ndawonye, ngaphandle ingxabano futhi ngaphandle ulimaza komunye nomunye.
abafileyo
Yini limelela abafileyo, okuyinto ilawulwa kankulunkulu wamaGreki wasendulo wokukhulekela izindawo NeHayidesi? Lapho umuntu efuna ukusho Some ukuphila, it is ithunyelwa Hermes - isithunywa ku izimbadada ezinamaphiko. Uhamba umphefumulo ogwini komngcele we River Styx, ohlukanisa izwe zabantu ezivela ezweni izithunzi, futhi adlulisele ukuba Charon - the ferryman, ukuletha izisulu zazo ngaphansi komhlaba. Umsizi Charon - Cerberus, inja isilo esinamakhanda ezintathu nezinyoka esikhundleni collar. Ubona ukuthi akekho kwesokunxele nokokugeza bese anibuyelanga emhlabeni. Ngesikhathi aphansi, ezindaweni ezicezile zase-Aida amanga eThartharusi, lapho nomnyango avaliwe yensimbi iminyango. Ngokuvamile, "umbuso amnyama nezeHayidese 'never uthola wokukhanya kwelanga. Kukhona melancholy, abandayo, izizwe inesizungu. Imiphefumulo zizule efile adabula kulo, ugcwalisa isikhala nangokubangalasa elikhulu, ukukhala, nokububula. Ukuhlupheka horror zabo ezimbi kakhulu imihlangano nge izipoki izilo baqamekela ebumnyameni. Kungoba ngakho wazonda ukuthi indawo zosizi abantu!
imfanelo yamandla
Yiziphi izimpawu oluhlukanisa unkulunkulu NeHayidesi? Uhlezi phakathi ihholo elikhulu esigodlweni sobukhosi zikanokusho ngegolide elihlanzekile. Eduze umfazi - njalo sad, Persephone enhle. Ngokusho yetinsita sobukhosi ukwenze Hermes - unkulunkulu Blacksmithing, umxhasi yezandla, ingcweti. Kaka eHayidesi ngolaka encimfelwayo Erin - nonkulunkulukazi yokuziphindiselela, ukuhlushwa imfihlo nokuhlupheka. Akekho ukufihla kuzo, ubani kalula ahlushwe baze bafe! Njengoba eHayidesi - lemimoya (isithombe ngemifanekiso lasendulo ubona kulesi sihloko) abafileyo, luvamise elekhanda nasemuva. Le ngxenye abadwebi kanye Okugweda kugcizelelwe ukuthi ayibukeki ubani iso, banayo onkulunkulu bamanga ezingenalutho, efile. Enye imfanelo esisemqoka eHayidesi - isigqoko magic. Kwenza oyisebenzisayo waso ongabonakali. zempi Wonderful wanika unkulunkulu Cyclops, lapho ehlenga kubo kusukela eThartharusi. UNkulunkulu akalokothi livela ngaphandle isikhali sakhe onguMninimandla onke - izimfoloko bidentate. intonga yakhe ihlobe a sibalo inja ezintathu esinamakhanda. UNkulunkulu ngenqola, okuyinto usetshenziswe abantu abamnyama kuphela, njengoba ebusuku, amahhashi. I elementi nonkulunkulu wabafileyo, yebo, emhlabeni, umlotha, ngokuthatha umzimba womuntu ezibilinini zayo. A imbali wakubonakalisa Aida - Tulips zasendle. AmaGreki asendulo bamlethela njengomhlatshelo yezinkunzi ezimnyama.
nethimba
Kodwa emuva suite esisabekayo Aida. Ngaphandle Erin eduze kwakhe njalo ezinzima, umahluleli umshawushile, ogama lakhe Radamanf futhi Minos. Dying ziyathuthumela kusengaphambili, ngoba bayazi ukuthi ngamunye isinyathelo sabo engenabulungisa, zonke izono zabantu nayo ngeke kucatshangelwe ku engenakonakala Aida enkantolo, futhi ngeke imithandazo basindiswe esijezisweni. wings Huge abamnyama, ezifana nalezo amalulwane yini imvelo anikelé okufanayo umbala elingenamikhono futhi inkemba ebukhali - ngakho libukeka munye owakhileyo ngaphezulu eHayidesi - Thanatos, unkulunkulu ukufa. It chops off yakhe yokuphila isibhamu ngentambo nomlimi elula, nenceku buthuntu, futhi le nkosi eyiqhawe, umnikazi imicebo ezingenakubalwa. Ngaphambi kokufa bonke bayalingana - lena incazelo yefilosofi lesi sithombe wasenganekwaneni. Hypnos, unkulunkulu iphupho ezijulile, umfana omuhle, eduze kakhulu. Yena - a twin ka Thanatos, ngakho ithumela amaphupho ngezinye izikhathi esindayo, ezijulile, mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo bathi "iyafana nokufa." Futhi-ke, unkulunkulukazi Hecate, ogama lakhe kakhulu kwenza bathuthumele abantu.
Izinganekwane Izinganekwane
Njenganoma iyiphi onkulunkulu, neHayidesi unkulunkulu elihlobene ne zinganekwane eziningi nezinganekwane. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke - of Persephone, indodakazi kaZeyusi, futhi unkulunkulukazi emhlabeni nenzalo - Demeter. indaba enhle kakhulu Orpheus futhi Eurydice. inganekwane Sad ngentombazane okuthiwa Mint owawunesihloko amashwa efana Aida, okwabangela ngokuhlasela intukuthelo nomhawu at Persephone. Ngenxa yalokho, singaba baphuze itiye utshani elimnandi, okuyilokho, eqinisweni, le ntombazane futhi baphendula unkulunkulukazi! Yebo, kule kakhulu engadini Mint. Okuningi sizikhumbula yindlela ethandwayo yokubonisa zabasebenzi Sisyphean, okuyinto kuhlobene iHayidesi.