Alexander Samsonov: i-biography emfushane, umsebenzi wezempi

Ngezinye izikhathi umlando uzivumela izinto ezingavamile. Isibonelo, sinikeza umphathi ukuthi angaphili ngokuphumelela, kepha ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa nokufa, nakuba kwakuyisibonelo sokubonakaliswa kweqiniso kwehlonipho lesiphathimandla, kodwa okwenziwe kancane ekunqobeni isitha. Omunye weziqhawe ezifanayo zangesikhathi esidlule kwakunguGeneral Alexander Vasilyevich Samsonov, owaziwa nge-biography emfushane eyakha isisekelo salesi sihloko.

Owokuqala owazalwa emndenini we-lieutenant osemhlalaphansi

Ngemuva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi, u-Vasily Vasilyevich Samsonov wayenqenqemeni nomkakhe uNadezhda Egorovna esifundazweni saseKherson, lapho behlala khona. Ngo-November 14, 1859 emndenini wabo wazalelwa indodana eyabhapathizwa egameni lika-Alexander. USamsonov waphupha umsebenzi wezempi ngokuzalwa kwakhe, ngakho-ke, lapho efika eminyakeni yakhe, wamhlela e-Kiev Vladimir Military High School, futhi ngemva kokuphothula eSt. Petersburg Nikolayev Cavalry School. Kusuka e-chestnuts yaseKievini le nsizwa yafika emaphethelweni eNova.

U-Alexander Vasilyevich Samsonov, owazalwa ngosuku lwakhe lokuzalwa ngesikhathi iRussia, lapho ihlukunyezwe empini yaseRussia-Turkish ka-1853-1856, yandisa ngamandla ayo okulwa futhi yafuna ukuphinda izuze inkazimulo yayo, hhayi ngengozi yakhetha indlela yayo empilweni. Ngalezo zinsuku, izikhulu zazijabulela udumo olukhethekile emphakathini, futhi ukukhonza empini kwakuyindaba yokuhlonipha bonke abahlonishwayo.

Izimpi zokuqala nokukhula komsebenzi

Wayeneminyaka engaba yishumi nesishiyagalolunye ngenkathi, ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni futhi esethole isikhundla se-cornet, uSamsonov waqale wabonakala empini yempi yaseRussia-Turkish (1877-1878). Kwakuwumphumela wokuziqhenya okwakuboniswa nguye kulo mkhankaso wezempi, hhayi ngenxa yamalungelo esiklasi, lelo phoyisa elincane u-Alexander Samsonov lazuza ilungelo lokungena eSikoleni Sabantu Abavamile.

Iminyaka eyalandela ukuphothula iziqu kwalesi sikole yaba yizinyathelo zokukhula okusheshayo komsebenzi wesikhulu esithembekile nesikhulu. Ushintshe umuzi, izifunda zempi zazishintsha, lapho uSamsonov akwazi khona ukwenza inkonzo, kodwa njalo wayephakathi kwalabo abaluleka kakhulu futhi, ngokufanayo, abaholi abakhuthazayo.

Amabutho eMpumalanga Ekude

I-Russo-Japanese War yahlangana kakade esigabeni sikaMaja-General Alexander Vasilyevich Samsonov. Izithombe zesiphathimandla zaqala ukuvela kumaphephandaba. Yena, njengomphathi owaziwayo, wafundiswa ukuba ahole ama-Ussuri amahhashi aphezu kwamabutho amahhashi, ngoMeyi 17, 1905, empini egazini eduze neYujiatun, wabhubhisa iqembu lamabutho aseJapane. Empi enkulu eyalandela yale mpi, eyenzeka maduzane ngaphansi kweWafangou, iCocsacks kaSamsonov yakwazi ukudlula iJapane futhi, ngemuva kokushaya ngemuva, yanquma umphumela wokusebenza.

Kamuva, uwonke jikelele wakwazi ukuzibandakanya cishe kuzo zonke iziqephu eziphawulekayo zempi ezavela ezweni. Ngaphansi komyalo wakhe, ama-Cossacks ahlasele isitha ngaphansi kweGaizhou, Tashichao noLiaoyang. Ngesikhathi ngenkathi impi ishintsha isimo, futhi amabutho aseRussia aphoqeleka ukuba ahambe, iminyango yeCoss subordinated to the general, kanye nebhethri yehhashi, yavikela ukubuyela kwabo, isebenzisa wonke amandla awo ukuvimbela isitha. Ngezinsizakalo zakhe phakathi nomkhankaso, u-Alexander Samsonov wanikezwa imiyalo emithathu yezempi, inkemba yegolide futhi yaphakanyiswa ukuba yi-lieutenant-general.

Phakathi kwezimpi ezimbili

Eminyakeni yokuqala yokulwa kwempi, uGeneral Alexander Samsonov, owayengumunye wabaphathi bamaRussia abavelele kakhulu, uphethe izikhundla eziningi zokuhola embonini ye-Warsaw Military District futhi wabe eseqokwa njengomuntu we-Don Army. Nomaphi lapho efeza imisebenzi ayinikwe yona ngegunya lakhe nangokwenembeza. Ngo-May 1909, i-tsar yamyala ukuba ahambe aye eTurkey ukuze athathe isikhundla sombusi-jikelele, kanye nomphathi wesifunda sezempi saseTurkestan futhi abe nombutho webutho le-Cosmeack yase-Semirechye.

Ngomsebenzi wokuphatha, u-Alexander Vasilyevich wakwazi ukukhombisa amakhono afanayo ngokulinganayo, njengokomkhuba wempi. Uphumelele ngokuyinhloko ekucindezeleni izingxabano ezavela ezingxenyeni zombuso phakathi kwabantu bendawo kanye namaRussia, iningi lazo lingamasosha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, waqala imisebenzi eminingi yemfundo phakathi kwabakhileyo eTurkestan, iningi labo abangafundile. Futhi ukufaneleka okukhethekile kungabizwa ngokuthi yisinyathelo sokudala izinhlelo zokunisela, okuye kwasiza ukutshala ukotini. Imisebenzi yakhe yayihlonishwa yinkosi. USamsonov wakhuthazwa kubaphathi bezikhulu zamahhashi.

Ukuqala kwempi entsha

Impi Yezwe Yokuqala yathola uSamsonov eCaucasus, lapho ephumula khona nomndeni wakhe. Kanye nesimemezelo seRussia esijoyina ukubulawa okusha, u-Alexander Vasilyevich wathola umyalo wokufika ngokuphuthumayo eWarsaw, lapho ayekulindele khona isikhundla somlawuli we-Second Army. Umyalo jikelele eNyakatho-Western Front wenziwa nguGeneral Zhilinsky.

Esikhathini sakhe, i-Second Army kaSamsonov ne-First Army, eholwa nguGeneral P. Rannenkampf, kwakuzoqhubeka nokuhlaselwa, okuyingxenye yomsebenzi jikelele we-East Prussian. Naphezu kokuthi amakhosi womabili amabutho akhombise isidingo sokulungiswa ngokugcwele kwemisebenzi emikhulu yempi, imiyalo yatholwa masinyane eS Stavka futhi ngokwayo evela kumphathi wamabutho kaGrand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich ukuze avele ngokushesha.

Isizathu sokwenza okunjalo kwakuyisimo esinzima lapho iFrance ihlanganiswa khona neRussia, futhi isikhalazo sika-Ambassador M. Palaeologus kuNicholas I, lapho acela khona inkosi yaseRussia ukuba ihleleke ngokushesha ukuba ihlasele futhi ivimbele ukunqotshwa kwebutho labo. Ngenxa yalokho, u-Alexander Vasilyevich Samsonov, oyedwa ovela kumahhashi kanye nomphathi wamabutho, waphoqeleka ukuba aqalekise, ngokuhluleka kwakhe ukuthi wayethembele kusengaphambili.

Ukushona komgwaqo obulalayo

EMpumalanga YasePrussia ngaleso sikhathi amabutho e-Army Eighth Army ayegxila, futhi kwakuwukulibhubhisa, ngokusho kwesimo, ukuthi amabutho amabili aseRussia aqhubekela phambili. Owokuqala ukungena empini nesitha kwakuyizinsizwa ngaphansi komyalo kaP. Rannenkampf. Ukuqala ukuhlasela ekuseni, ngo-Agasti 4, baphoqa amaJalimane ukuba ahambe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ibutho likaSamsonov lenza impi-mandla enamandla, inqoba izinsuku ezintathu ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalombili futhi ingena ensimini yase-East Prussia.

Ukuhamba okunjalo okusheshayo, okushiwo yizinto zokucabanga, kwakuyingozi kakhulu ebutho laseRussia. Ezindaweni ezibhubhiswe yimpi, ama-forward units ayenqamuka kakhulu emabhanini angemuva ngokudla nezinhlamvu. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu balambile izinsuku ezimbalwa, futhi izinhlamvu namagobolondo bezophela. Amahhashi ashiywa ngaphandle kokudla. Kodwa, naphezu kwemibiko ephindaphindiwe mayelana nesimo esiyingozi, uMyalo oPhezulu wacela ukuthi unganciphisi ijubane lehlazo.

Ebusuku bokuzungeza

Ngokungazelelwe, enye ingozi yabonakala. Endleleni, i-Second Army ayizange ibhekane nokuphikiswa okujulile, futhi kubonakala sengathi isitha senze izimo ngokukhethekile ukuze ziqhubekele phambili. Umlawuli onokuhlangenwe nakho u-Alexander Vasilyevich Samsonov, owaziwa naye kusukela ebusheni ohlangene nebutho, ezwa intuitively isicupho esiseduze.

Wabiza ukwesaba kwakhe nomphathi weNyakatho-Western Front, uZhilinsky. Nokho, ngenxa yokungakwazi ukusebenza, wayengakwazi ngokwanele ukungathí sina kwalesi simo, wanikeza imiyalo eminingi eyadala isimo esivele esinzima lapho amasosha akwaSamsonov athola khona.

Lo mbono awuzange ukhohlise umphathi wamabutho. Umyalo waseJalimane, usebenzisa inethiwekhi ejulile yezitimela, eyadalwa eminyakeni engaphambi kwempi, yathumela umkhosi omkhulu wezempi endaweni ye-Second Army. Ngo-Agasti 13, i-Sixth Corps, eyayisehlangothini olungakwesokudla, yahlaselwa futhi yahlukunyezwa, futhi ngosuku olulandelayo ngakwesobunxele be-First.

Ukunqotshwa kwebutho lesibili

Esimweni esibucayi samanje u-Alexander Samsonov ngokwakhe ufika phambili, efisa ukukhulisa amabutho, kodwa, uma efunde lesi simo, uyaqonda ukuphelelwa ithemba kwesimo. Ithemba lokugcina laliwukusekela ibutho likaP. Rannenkampf. Izenzo ezihlangene ezihloswe ukuxhuma nazo zingasindisa amayunithi kaSamsonov ekuphelelweni okuphelele nokufa, kepha umlawuli we-First Army, ebonise ukuphuza ubugebengu, wehlulekile ukufeza umsebenzi wakhe.

Ngenxa yalokho, izinhlaka ezintathu zaseRussia, abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu, zazungezwe. Abahlanganyeli kulezo zenzakalo babakhumbula ukuthi iningi lamasosha kanye nezikhulu zabulawa phansi. Kwaphazamisa nokuqwashisa ukungenamandla okuthonya isimo samanje, ukukhathala ngokweqile okubangelwa ukuhamba ngezinsuku eziningi ngokusebenzisa insimu yezitha, nokubuthakathaka ngokomzimba kusuka ekulameni kwesikhathi eside. Iningi labo kamuva labhubha, futhi ingxenye encane kuphela yayingabalekela ekungeneni kwesitha.

Inkantolo yesazela

Ukuqaphela umthwalo womuntu siqu ngokuhluleka kokusebenza okwenziwe kuye nokufa kwabantu abaye bamkholwa ngenhliziyo yonke, kwakungenxa yengozi enkulu engokomzwelo uSamsonov akakwazanga ukubhekana nayo. Ngo-Agasti 30, 1914, okungukuthi, inyanga nje ngemva kokugqashuka kwempi, wazibulala. Abafakazi bokuzibonela bathi ngalolo suku umphathi jikelele wahamba ngokungazelelwe kubo bonke ehlathini, lapho kuvela khona ukudubula.

Kuyadabukisa ukuthi ngokungahambi kahle ukuyala ukuphela kokuphila kwalowo muntu ofanelekayo, isikhulu seRussia esithembekile u-Alexander Vasilyevich Samsonov, isithombe sezinyanga zokugcina zokuphila kwakhe sigcwalisa lesi sihloko, sahlala enkumbulo yenzalo hhayi umqobi, oye wazitika ngenkazimulo enonya, kodwa isibonelo sokuthi umuntu wenza kanjani isigwebo Inkantolo Ephakeme - unembeza wakhe.