I-Smolensk War

I-Russia ekhulwini le-17, ebuthakathaka yingcindezi yangaphakathi yomphakathi kanye nokungenelela kwePolish-Swedish, kwaphoqeleka ukuba ibeke ukulahlekelwa yizindawo: i-Yai, iCoporye, i-Ivangorod neSmolensk, amazwe aseChernigov ahambela omakhelwane bawo - eSweden kanye ne-Commonwealth. Eningizimu izwe lihlushwa amaTatars aseCrimea ...

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, leli zwe alikwazanga ukuxazulula yonke le misebenzi emithathu, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu kunqunywe ngokusekelwe esimweni samazwe ngamazwe kanye nemithombo yayo.

Emashumini amathathu ekhulwini lama-17, emva kokushona kukaSigismund, kwakukhona isimo esihle kakhulu sokubuyela eSmolensk. UZemsky Sobor wasekela isinqumo sikahulumeni, kwathi ngo-1632 i-Smolensk War yaqala, umgomo wayo wokubuya kwamazwe abanjwe kuwo ngesikhathi sezinkinga.

Ukwamukelwa kwesinqumo esinjalo sokukhanya kwamandla nakho kwaqondiswa yiqiniso lokuthi amazwe aseYurophu anamandla adonselwa empini Yeminyaka Engamashumi Amathathu futhi awazange afinyelele esimweni saseMpumalanga Yurophu.

Ngenxa yempi yaseRussia enezinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane, eyayibhekene nomsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu, impi yaseSmolensk ka-1632 yaqala ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu: izifunda eziseningizimu zazihlala ziphangwa amaCrimea, ngakho-ke uhulumeni, esaba ukufika kwebutho elikhulu lamaKhompiki angama-Crimea, wehlisa ukuxoshwa kwamabutho aseMoscow kuze kube ngu-Agasti.

Ngakho-ke, uhambo lwaluhamba kancane kakhulu eSmolensk, amabutho ayekhona ngoDisemba, athola indlela eseSerpeysk, Belaya, Roslavl, Nevel, Starodub.

Ngokushesha ukuthatha umuzi kaSomolensk Shein - umlawuli wamabutho aseRussia - wehlulekile, futhi ukuvinjezelwa kwadlula izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili eside. Inqaba yaqinisekiswa ngokugcwele ngaphambi nje kweMpi YeSmolensk, ngakho-ke abahlaseli kwadingeka baphenduke izikhathi ezimbili, ngisho nangemva kokufika kwezikhali zokuvimbezela.

Futhi eRech Pospolita ngalesi sikhathi kwakunezinguquko eziphawulekayo: UVladislav wenyukela esihlalweni sobukhosi esikhundleni sikayise, owaqala ukusekela ngamandla eqenjini leqhawe elinqotshwe.

Impi yaseSmolensk, inkambo eyayihlaselwa yi-Tatar eCrimean eRussia ngo-1633, yashintsha indlela yayo. Izikhulu eziningi zabalekela empi ukuze zisindise imindeni yazo kanye neziqhingi, kanti "izikhulu", ezihlanganisa abalimi babo, izigqila kanye namadolobhana, benza isenzo samagerrilla, abahlaseli isitha kuphela, kodwa nabo bonke amamori aseduze.

UVladislav, owakwazi ukusika ibutho likaShein ngemuva, wafika ngesikhathi edolobheni. Emaqenjini aseRussia, ngaphambi kwawo amasosha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-15 aqeqeshiwe kahle futhi amasosha angu-12 eZaporozhye Cossacks, kwaqala ukwethuka. Kwakukhona ukuntuleka okukhulu kwefolda nokudla.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingxenye yamabutho aseVladislav athuthela empumalanga, ikhulula i-Dorogobuzh endleleni, futhi ukuphindisela kwaqala imizi yaseVelikiye Luk, Mozhaisk, Kozelsk, Kaluga, njalonjalo.

Ngo-Mashi 1, uShein wabamba, futhi empeleni impi yeSmolensk yaphela. Isigaba sokuxoxisana saqala, esagcwaliswa ngoJuni ngonyaka ofanayo ngokusayinwa kwePoranovsky Treaty, ngokusho ukuthi amaPoles aphinde aphinde athole zonke izindawo ezakwaRussia ekuqaleni kwesimpi, kuhlanganise no-Smolensk ongathinteki. UVladislav naye wenqaba ngokusemthethweni noma yikuphi okushiwo isihlalo sobukhosi saseRussia, okwakungesinye sezimo eziyinhloko zokuphetha ukuthula.

Impi yaseSmolensk, echazwe kabili yizazi-mlando ukuthi ayiphumelelanga, yalahla iRashiya ithuba lokulwa nomakhelwane walo oseningizimu ngo-1937, lapho ama-Don Cossacks ekwazi ukuphatha i-Azov yaseTurkey. UMoscow akazange aqaphele ukusiza, ekhumbula isipiliyoni esidabukisayo sempi yokugcina, kanti amaCosa asenakukhetha ngaphandle kokushiya inqaba.

I-Zemsky Sobor yaqaphela ukuthi umbusi uMe. Shein uyona ongumholi wezokunqotshwa empini yaseSmolensk futhi wanqunywa umgwebo wenkantolo.