Zingaki ama-republica ayekhona ku-USSR? Ama-republic angu-15 ayeyingxenye ye-USSR

I-USSR yakhiwa kuma-Shards eMbuso WaseRussia wangaphambili. Wayengenye yezikhungo ezimbili zamandla nomthelela kulo lonke leminyaka lama-20. KwakuyiNyunyana eyanqoba ngokuqinile i-fascist yaseJalimane, futhi ukuwa kwayo kwakuyisenzakalo esibaluleke kunazo zonke kwesigamu sesibili sekhulu lokugcina. Yimaphi ama-republic ayengxenye ye-USSR, sizoqonda esihlokweni esilandelayo.

Izinkinga zesistimu kahulumeni kazwelonke ekupheleni kokuvela kwe-USSR

Zingaki ama-republica ayekhona ku-USSR? Lo mbuzo unganikezwa izimpendulo ezahlukene, ngoba esigabeni sokuqala sokwakhiwa kobuso, inombolo yabo ayizange ihlale ingashintshi. Ukuze siqonde lokhu ngokuningiliziwe, ake sibuyele emlandweni. Ngesikhathi sokuphela kweMpi Yomphakathi, insizakalo yombuso wethu yayiyinkimbinkimbi enhle kakhulu yezinhlangano ezihlukene zikazwelonke nezombuso. Isimo sabo sezomthetho ngokuvamile sasixhomeke ekuhlanganiseni kwezombusazwe-ezombangazwe, amandla eziphathimandla zendawo nezinye izici. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ithonya kanye negunya lamaBolshevik landa, lo mbuzo waba omunye wezindaba ezisemqoka zikahulumeni nohulumeni. Esikhundleni sobuholi be-VKP (b) kwakungekho umbono ohlanganisiwe ngesakhiwo esizayo sezwe. Abaningi bamalungu eqembu babecabanga ukuthi umbuso kufanele wakhiwe ngesisekelo sezimiso ezihlangene, ngaphandle kokucabangela ingxenye kazwelonke, kanti amanye amalungu awo azibonakalisa ngokucophelela ngokuzikhethela kwezizwe ngaphakathi kuleli zwe. Kodwa leli gama elisemqoka laliyi-VI. ULenin.

Inkinga enzima ekujuleni kwe-CPSU (b)

Ama-republic ayingxenye ye-USSR, ngokusho kukaLenin, kwakudingeka abe nokuzimela okuthile, kodwa ekuqapheliseni le nkinga njengoba kunzima kakhulu, wabona isidingo sokuhlaziywa okukhethekile. Lo mbuzo uphathiswe ochwepheshe kumbuzo kazwelonke, owaziwa yiKomidi Ephakathi. Ku-Stalin. Wenza njengomsekeli oqhubekayo wokuzimela kwazo zonke izifundazwe eziyingxenye yomumo omusha wombuso. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yombango, isimiso se-federalism sathola insimu ye-RSFSR , kodwa ubudlelwane bama-republic azimele belawulwa ngesisekelo sezivumelwano ezikhethekile. Enye inkinga enkulu kwakuyizizwe ezinamandla kakhulu phakathi kwamaKhomanisi ezindaweni. Konke lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi yokungavumelani kufanele kucatshangelwe lapho kwenziwa isimo esisha.

Qala umsebenzi ekudaleni isimo esihlanganisiwe

Ekuqaleni kuka-1922, abantu abangaba ngu-185 babehlala ensimini ngaphansi kwamaSoviet. Ngokubumbana kwabo, kwakudingekile ukucabangela konke, ngisho nama-nuances amancane kakhulu, kodwa inqubo yokudala i-USSR yayingeyena isinqumo esivela phezulu, isekelwe ngobuningi babantu. Ukwakhiwa kwe-USSR kwakunezizathu zenqubomgomo yangaphandle - isidingo sokuhlangana ebusweni bamazwe acacile. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe izimiso zokuhlelwa kwezwe elizayo, iKomidi elikhethekile leKomidi eliPhezulu eliPhakathi laseRussia lakhiwa. Ekujuleni kwalesi sakhiwo kunqunywe ukuthi isibonelo sokuba khona kwe-RSFSR kuyindlela eyamukelekayo kakhulu yokwakhiwa kombuso omusha. Kodwa-ke, lo mbono weza ngokumelene nokuphikiswa okuqinile okuvela kumalungu ekhomishini yezifundazwe. UStalin wayencane ukugxeka isikhundla sakhe. Le ndlela ihlolwe eTranscaucasia. Le ndawo idinga ukunakwa okukhethekile. Ukuphikisana okuningi kwezwe kwagxila lapha. Ikakhulukazi, iGeorgia isikhathi esifushane sokuzimela kwayo iye yakwazi ukwakha kahle umnotho kanye nezibopho zomthetho wangaphandle. I-Armenia ne-Azerbaijan baphathana ngokusola.

Ukungezwani phakathi kukaStalin noLenin ekubunjweni kwe-USSR

Ukuhlolwa kwaphela ngokudala iTranscaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ehlanganisa i-Armenia, Georgia ne-Azerbaijan. Kwakungenjalo ngale ndlela ukuthi kwakudingeka bangene esimweni esisha. Ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti 1922 ukuqaliswa komhlangano kwakhiwa ikhomishana eMoscow. Ngokwecebo "lokuzimela" I.V. I-Stalin zonke izingxenye ze-Union izoba nokuzimela okulinganiselwe. Ngaleso sikhathi uLenin waphazamisa, wenqaba uhlelo lukaStalin. Ngombono wakhe, ama-republic ayingxenye ye-USSR kufanele abe munye ngesisekelo sezivumelwano zombunyano. Kulomagazini, ukuhlelwa kwesikhwama kwasekelwa yiningi lamalungu epenumenti yeKomiti Ephakathi YeCPSU (B.). Kodwa-ke, iGeorgia ayifuni ukungena esimweni esisha sezwe ngaphakathi kweFrandcaucasian Federation. Uphikelela ekutheni asayine isivumelwano esithile neNyunyana, ngaphandle kwe-TSSFSR. Kodwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi yendawo, amaKhomanisi aseGeorgia aphoqeleka ukuba avumelane necebo lokuqala.

Ukubunjwa kwe-Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

NgoDisemba 1922, iCongress of Soviets yamenyezelwa ukwakha iNhlangano YeSoviet Socialist Republics e-RSFSR, e-Ukraine, eBelarus naseTranscaucasian Federation. Yilapho ama-republic amaningi ayese-USSR ngesikhathi sokubonakala kwawo. Ngesisekelo seSivumelwano, ukudalwa kwenhlangano entsha yombuso njengenhlangano yamazwe aphelele futhi azimele onelungelo lokuphuma nokungena ngokuzimele ubulungu bayo kwabikwa. Kodwa-ke, empeleni inqubo yokuphuma yayingekho ngokomthetho, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu. Lo mgodi wokulibaziseka, owabekwa esisekelweni sombuso, wabonisa amandla ayo ngesikhathi sokuwa kwe-USSR, ngoba emazweni angu-1990 amazwe ayingxenye yeNyunyana ayengakwazi ukushiya ukubunjwa kwawo emthethweni nasemiphakathini eyathuthuka, eyabangela imicimbi yamanzi . Inqubomgomo yangaphandle, ukuhweba, ezezimali, ukuvikela, ukuxhumana nokuxhumana kwanikezelwa emabandleni aphakathi kwe-USSR.

Ukwandiswa okwengeziwe kwezwe lamaSoviet

Isigaba esilandelayo ekubunjweni kombuso kwakuyi-demarcation yezwe e-Central Asia. Ensimini yayo kwakukhona iRiphabhuliki enkulu yaseTurkey, futhi nezindawo ezimbili ezincane - amaRiphabhulikhi eBukhara naseKhorezm. Ngenxa yezingxoxo ezinde kuKomidi Ephakathi, ama-republic ase-Uzbek naseTurkmen Union akhiwa. I-USSR eyayiqala ngokulandela iRiphabhuliki yaseTajik, inxenye yensimu yathunyelwa enkampanini yaseKazakhstan, eyayibuye yaba yipublic republic. I-Kirghiz yasungula i-republic yokuzimela ngaphakathi kwe-RSFSR, kodwa ekupheleni kweminyaka engamashumi amabili ekhulwini lokugcina yaguqulwa yaba yipublic republic. Futhi ensimini ye-SSR yase-Ukraine yabelwa i-Union Republic of Moldova. Ngakho-ke, ekupheleni kweminyaka eyishumi yekhulu lokugcina, idatha yokuthi bangaki ama-republic ase-USSR ashintshile kakhulu.

Emashumini amathathu, kwakunezinguquko zesakhiwo ekubunjweni kweNyunyana. Njengoba i-Transcaucasian Federation ekuqaleni yayiyinkampani engeyona amandla, lokhu kwacatshangelwa kuMthethosisekelo omusha we-USSR. Ngo-1936 yahlakazwa, futhi i-Georgia, i-Armenia ne-Azerbaijan, ngemva kokuphothula izivumelwano nendawo, zathola isimo se-Union republics yase-USSR.

Amazwe aseBaltic e-USSR

Isigaba esilandelayo ekubunjweni kweNyunyana sibuyele emuva ekupheleni kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu nantathu ekhulwini lokugcina. Khona-ke, ngenxa yesimiso esinzima senkampani yangaphandle, izwe lethu ladingeka livumelane neJalimane, okwakwenza inqubomgomo enobudlova eYurophu. I-Western Ukraine neBelrusrus ngaleso sikhathi babe yingxenye yePoland, ukuze bahlanganise abantu abodwa ngokusemthethweni futhi bavikele imingcele yabo yasentshonalanga, isivumelwano se-Molotov-Ribbentrop saphetha phakathi kwe-USSR neJalimane ngenqubo eyimfihlo. Ngokusho kwakhe, emkhakheni wethonya lezwe lethu kwakuyindawo yeMpumalanga Yurophu. Ngenxa yobubi obunamandla kakhulu emazweni aseBaltic, ubuholi banquma ukungenisa izingxenye ze-Red Army, ohulumeni abamukelekile baxoshwa ezindaweni zaseLatvia, eLithuania nase-Estonia. Futhi esikhundleni sabo baqala ukwakhiwa kwesistimu kahulumeni ngokulandela isibonelo se-USSR. Lawa maRiphabhuliki anikezwe isimo somunyano. Futhi kungenzeka ukulandisa inani lama-republics e-USSR ngokushesha ngaphambi kokugqashuka kwempi neJalimane.

Ukuwa kweSoviet Union

Zingaki ama-republics ase-USSR ngaphambi kokuwa? Ekupheleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili i-USSR ifakiwe:

• I-RSFSR;
• I-SSR yase-Ukraine;
• I-SSR yaseByelorussia;
• I-Moldavian SSR;
• I-SSR yaseKazakh ;
• I-Turkmen SSR;
• I-Tajik SSR;
• I-Uzbek SSR;
• I-Kirghiz SSR ;
• I-SSR ye-Lithuanian;
• I-SSR yaseLatvia;
• I-Estonian SSR;
• I-SSR yesiGeorgia;
• I-Armenian SSR;
• I-Azerbaijan SSR.

Inkinga yezomnotho kanye nokuphikisana kwezwe, kanye nobuholi obuthakathaka, kwaholela ekuweni kwezwe laseSoviet. Ama-republic angu-15 ayingxenye ye-USSR athole ubukhosi obuphelele bezwe phakathi nalezi zenzakalo futhi bakhe amazwe abo.