U-Mumtaz-Mahal no-Shah Jahan: indaba yothando

I-Taj Mahal - enye yezakhiwo ezinkulu kakhulu eNdiya, inamba yonyaka yezivakashi eziya e-mausoleum emangalisayo idlula abantu abayizigidi ezingu-5. Abavakashi abakhangi nje kuphela ngobuhle besakhiwo, kodwa futhi nomlando omuhle ohambisana nawo. I-mausoleum yakhiwa ngomyalelo we-padishah woMbuso we- Great Moguls, owafisa ukutshela umhlaba wonke ngokulangazelela kwakhe umkami u-Mumtaz Mahal. Yini eyaziwa ngeTaj Mahal, yamemezela iparele lobuciko bamaSulumane, kanti futhi ngothando olwakhiwa ngayo?

Shah Jahan: biography we padishah

"Nkosi yezwe" - yilokho okushiwo igama, yiyiphi yamadishahs edume kakhulu e-Mogolian eyamukelwa nguyise, eyamthanda ngaphezu kwamanye abantwana. U-Shah Jahan, umdali odumile waseTaj Mahal, wazalwa ngo-1592, umbuso omkhulu waseMogul uholele eneminyaka engu-36 ubudala, uthatha isihlalo sobukhosi ngemuva kokufa kukayise kaJahangir nokubulala abadlali bakhe. I-padishah entsha ngokushesha yamemezela njengombusi oqinile futhi ononya. Ngenxa yemikhankaso eminingi yamasosha, wakwazi ukwandisa indawo yombuso wakhe. Ekuqaleni kokubusa kwakhe, wayengomunye wabantu abanamandla kakhulu ekhulwini le-17.

U-Shah Jahan wayengenasithakazelo kuphela emkhankasweni wezempi. Ngesikhathi sakhe i-padishah yafundiswa ngokuphelele, yakhathalela ukuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nezakhiwo, okwakunakekelwa abaculi, ubuhle obuyigugu kuzo zonke izibonakaliso zayo.

Umhlangano othakazelisayo

I-legend ithi ikusasa lakhe loMamtaz-Mahal loMbuso we-Great Moguls lihlangene ngengozi, kwenzeke ngesikhathi behamba nge-bazaar. Kusukela esixukwini sabantu, amehlo akhe athatha le nsizwa encane eyayibamba ubuhlalu bokhuni, ubuhle obunqoba. UPadishah, okwamanje owayengowendlalifa esihlalweni sobukhosi, wathandana kakhulu kangangokuthi wanquma ukuthatha intombazane ibe ngumkakhe.

UMustaz-Mahal, ongumArmenian ngobuzwe, wayevela emndenini kaVizier Abdul Hasan Asaf Khan, owayeyilungu lomjikelezo we-padishah Jahangir. Le ntombazane, eyayibizwa ngokuthi i-Arjumand Banu Begami ngesikhathi izalwa, yayingumkakhe oyintandokazi ka-Nur-Jahan, uJahangir. Ngenxa yalokho, wayengakwazi ukuziqhayisa nje ukubukeka okukhangayo, kodwa futhi nomndeni ohloniphekile, ngakho-ke umshado wawungekho izithiyo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, umshado onjalo waqinisa isikhundla somlindlalifa njengomuntu oziqhenya esihlalweni sobukhosi, kodwa usengashadile ngothando.

Wedding

UJahangir wajabula ngokuvumela indodana yakhe ethandekayo ukuba ishade nentombazane ayithandayo, u-Mumtaz-Mahal, ubuzwe bomlobokazi naye wayengabonakali njengesithiyo, enikezwe umthombo omuhle kayise. Umkhosi wokwehliswa kwenzeka ngo-1607, lapho umakoti owazalwa ngo-1593 engeneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-14 ubudala. Ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, lo mshado uhlehliselwe iminyaka engu-5.

Ngesikhathi somshado wathola igama lakhe elihle eMamzz-Mahal. I-biography yomlingani odumile wombusi woMbuso we-Great Moguls uthi usungulwe nguyisezala uJahangir, owayesengumthetho ngaleso sikhathi. NgesiRashiya leli gama lihunyushwe ngokuthi "iparele lesigodlo", elisebenza njengobufakazi bokuhle okungavamile kwentombazane.

Ukushada "iparele", njengoba kufanele ibe yindlalifa esihlalweni sobukhosi, yayinezikhulu ezinkulu. Nokho, akekho isancinza esakwazi ukunqoba inhliziyo yakhe, ngokuphoqeleka ukukhohlwa nge-Arjumand enhle kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, uMumtaz-Mahal waba mnumzane oyintandokazi wezinkondlo ezidumile zesikhathi esasidumisa ubuhle bakhe kuphela, kodwa nenhliziyo yakhe enomusa. Umkakhe wase-Armenia waba yisekelo elithembekile, wahamba naye emkhankasweni wezempi.

Ngeshwa

Ngeshwa, kwaba ukuzinikela kuka-Arjumand okwakudla impilo yakhe. Ukukhulelwa, akazange akubheke njengesithiyo sokuba nomyeni wakhe othandekayo phakathi nakho konke ukuhamba kwakhe. Kuzo zonke, wakhiqiza izingane ezingu-14, ezazivame ukufika kuze kube yileso sikhathi. Ukuzalwa kokugcina kwakunzima, okhathele ngumkhankaso omude, uMpress akakwazanga ukululama ngemva kwabo.

U-Mumtaz-Mahal wadlula ngo-1631, kancane kakhulu ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwakhe kweminyaka engamashumi amane. Isenzakalo esibuhlungu senzeke ekamu lempi, eliseBurhanpur. U-Emperor wayenomkakhe othandekayo, ehlala naye ndawonye iminyaka engu-19, ngesikhathi sakhe sokugcina. Ngaphambi kokushiya leli zwe, uMpress wathatha izithembiso ezimbili kumyeni wakhe. Wamphoqa ukuba afunge ukuthi ngeke aphinde ashade futhi amakhele i-mausoleum enhle, ubuhle umhlaba ongazijabulela.

Ukukhala

U-Shah Jahan impilo yakhe yonke akavumelananga nokulahlekelwa ngumkakhe othandekayo. Kwaphela izinsuku ezingu-8 wenqaba ukushiya indawo yakhe, wayenqaba ukudla futhi wayeka ukukhuluma naye. Igoli liwukuthi usizi lwalumenza wamzame ukuzibulala, okuyinto, ekugcineni, yaphela ekuhlulekeni. Ngokuhlelwa kombusi woMbuso we-Great Moguls, ukulila kuhulumeni kwaphela iminyaka emibili. Phakathi nale minyaka abantu abazange bagubhe amaholidi, umculo nomdanso bevinjelwe.

Enye induduzo ye-padishah odumile yazitholela ekusebenzeni kwentando yokufa ye-Arjumand. Wenqaba ngempela ukushada futhi, ekugcineni walahlekelwa isithakazelo endodeni yakhe enkulu. Ngendlela yakhe, ukwakhiwa kwe-mausoleum kwase kuqalile, okuyinto namuhla enye yezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni.

Indawo ye-Taj Mahal

Imuphi umuzi iTaj Mahal? Ukuze kulungiswe i-mausoleum, idolobha lase-Agra lakhethwa, elingaba ngu-250 km ukusuka Delhi. UPadishah wanquma ukuthi inkokhelo yokukhumbula inkosikazi yakhe ethandekayo yayizoba khona ogwini lomfula iJamna. Wathandwa yizithombe zendawo. Lokhu kukhetha kwanikeza abakhi ukukhathazeka okuthile, okuxhunyaniswe nokungahlali kwenhlabathi, eseduze kwamanzi.

Sombulula inkinga esekelwe ubuchwepheshe obuyingqayizivele obungakaze busetshenziswe ngaphambili. Isibonelo sokusetshenziswa kwayo ekwakhiweni kwanamuhla kuyisimo sezinqwaba ekwakheni izakhiwo zezemvelo e-UAE.

Ukwakhiwa

Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngemuva kokushona komyeni waseMuzz-Mahal ongenakunyakazwa ukuba aqale ukwakhiwa kwe-mausoleum. Ukwakhiwa kweTaj Mahal sekuphelele iminyaka engu-12, umsebenzi wokwakha waqala ngo-1632. Abalando-mlando bavumelana ngokubambisana lokuthi akukho nesakhiwo esisodwa emhlabeni esidinga izindleko ezinjengalezi. Ukugcwaliseka kwentando yomfazi oshonile, ngokwemibiko yamakhosi esigodlo, kubiza inkosi mayelana nama-rupees ayizigidi ezingu-32, lezi zinsuku ziyi-euro eziningana.

U-Shah Jahan waqinisekisa ukuthi abakhi abazange basindise ngezinto. Ukubhekana nalesi sakhiwo kwenziwa ngosizo lwemabula ehlanzekile, eyanikezwa esifundazweni saseRajasthan. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, ngokusho kwesimiso sombusi woMbuso we-Great Moguls, ukusetshenziswa kwalesi marble ngezinhloso ezithile kwavinjelwa.

Izindleko zokwakha i-Taj Mahal zabonakala zibaluleke kangangokuthi indlala yavela kuhulumeni. Ukusanhlamvu okwakudingeka kuthunyelwe ezifundazweni kwakukhona endaweni yokwakhiwa, esetshenziselwa ukondla izisebenzi. Umsebenzi wagcwaliswa kuphela ngo-1643.

Izimfihlo zika Taj Mahal

Ummangali uTaj Mahal wanikeza ukungafi ku-padishah noMandi wakhe omthandayo uMahal. Indaba yothando yowesifazane kumkakhe iyatshelwa kubo bonke abavakashi be-mausoleum. Isithakazelo esakhiweni asikwazi ukumangala, ngoba sinokuhle okumangalisayo.

Ukwenza abakhi abakhethiweyo beTaj-Mahal bakwazi ukubonga ukucabanga okubonakalayo okusetshenziselwa ukuklama kwe-mausoleum. Kungenzeka ukungena ensimu eyinkimbinkimbi kuphela emva kokudlula emasangweni esango lokungena, kuphela lapho isakhiwo sivuleka phambi kwamehlo ezivakashi. Umuntu oza emthonjeni, kungase kubonakale ukuthi i-mausoleum iyahla, isuka kude. Umphumela ophendulelayo wadalwa kude ukusuka ku-arch. Ngakho, isivakashi ngasinye singase sicabange ukuthi uthatha uTaj Mahal omkhulu naye.

Ukwamukelwa okukhohlisayo kwasetshenziselwa ekwakhiweni kwezindonga zokushaya, okubonakala sengathi zitholakala ngokuqondile. Eqinisweni, lezi zakhi zishintsha kancane ekwakhiweni. Lelixazululo lisiza ekusindiseni iTaj Mahal ekubhujisweni ngenxa yokuzamazama komhlaba. Ngendlela, ukuphakama kwe-minarets kungamamitha angu-42, futhi ukuphakama kwe-mausoleum njengamanani wonke angu-74 amamitha.

Ukuze kugcwaliswe izindonga, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, i- marble ekhanda elimhlophe elineqhwa , elikhanya ngaphansi kwethonya elangeni, lisetshenziswe. Izakhi zokuhlobisa zaziyi-malachite, amaparele, amakhorali, i-carnelian, umbono ongapheli uveza umusa wokudweba.

Indawo yokungcwatshwa eMamtaz-Mahal

Abantu abaningi abanesithakazelo emlandweni nasezakhiweni bayazi ukuthi yikuphi umuzi iTaj Mahal. Kodwa-ke, akubona wonke umuntu owaziyo lapho indawo yokungcwaba yomphathi ikhona khona. Ithuneni lakhe alikho ngaphansi kwesakhiwo esikhulu esakhiweni esihloniphekile. Eqinisweni, indawo yokungcwatshwa kombusi woMbuso wamaMongor Great kukhona ihholo le-marble eliyimfihlo, okwakhelwe ngalo isakhiwo ngaphansi kwe-mausoleum.

Ithuna likaMamtaz-Mahal lalikhona endaweni eyimfihlo hhayi ngengozi. Lesi sinqumo senziwe ukuze izivakashi zingaphazanyisi "iparele lesigodlo".

Ukuphela kwendaba

Njengoba eselahlekelwe ngumkakhe othandekayo, u-Shah Jahan cishe wayenandaba nesithakazelo samandla, wayengasaphathi imikhankaso emikhulu yempi, wayengenasithakazelo ezindabeni zombuso. Umbuso wawubuthakathaka, wagxotshwa ngendwangu yenkinga yezomnotho, yonke indawo izimpikiswano zaqhamuka. Akumangalisi ukuthi indodana yakhe kanye nendlalifa ku-Aurangzeb babe nabasekeli abaqotho abamsekela ngomzamo wokukhipha amandla kubaba wakhe futhi babhekane nabafowabo-abazenzisa. Umbusi omdala wayeboshwe enqabeni, lapho ephoqeleka ukuba asebenzise iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe. U-Shah Jahan washiya leli zwe ngo-1666, ekhulile futhi egulayo. Indodana yacela ukuba ingcwabe uyise eceleni komkakhe othandekayo.

Isifiso sokugcina sika-emperor sahlala singagcwaliseki. Waphupha ngokumisa enye i-mausoleum ephikisana neTaj Mahal, ngokuphindaphindiwe ngokuphindaphindiwe amafomu ayo, kodwa ehlonywe nge-marble emnyama. Lesi sakhiwo wayehlele ukuguqula ithuna lakhe, sixhumane nendawo yokungcwaba yomfazi kufanele ibe nebhuloho elimnyama nelomhlophe elivulekile. Kodwa-ke, izinhlelo azizange zigcwaliseke, indodana ka-Aurangzeb, owafika emandleni, wayala ukuba ayeke umsebenzi wokwakha. Ngenhlanhla, umbusi usakwazi ukufeza intandokazi wesifazane wakhe othandekayo futhi akhe iTaj Mahal.