Ingqikithi yimibiko yomlomo

Sonke sasizwa igama elithi "umlando". Wake wacabanga ngokujulile ngalokho okuyiyo? Kuvela ukuthi ngisho nangemva kokusungulwa kwezinhlamvu, abaningi babengafundi. Ukubhala kuvumela abantu ukuba bahlanganyele ulwazi nolwazi, bahlale emakhulwini eminyaka bese behambisa inzalo. Labo bantu ababengakwazi, ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, bafunde ukubhala, bahlanganyele ngolwazi ngamazwi. Ngakho-ke, inganekwane - yilokhu okulandelwayo kwifomu lomlomo.

Amangakwane

Lolu hlobo lokubuyisela luvele ezikhathini zasendulo. Baqala ekuqaleni - ekuqaleni kwezwe. Kodwa akusikho konke. Baphinde baxoxe ngokubonakala komuntu, mayelana noNkulunkulu namaqhawe. Ayaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi lokhu kuyiqiniso noma kuyiqiniso . Lendabuko akulona iqiniso noma indaba. Kunalokho, kungashiwo ukuthi lokhu kubonisa imibono yabadali ekwakheni umhlaba, ukuphila kuwo. AmaHighters of myths ayisibonelo sabalaleli.

I-Epos

Olunye uhlobo lwezindaba yi-epic. Akufani kakhulu nezinganekwane, kodwa kungatshela ngeziqhawe zangempela, imicimbi noma ubuso. Lapha isibalo esiphakathi yilona hero kanye nokuphila kwakhe, izenzo. Ngokuvamile kulezi zithombe ezinamaqhawe kunezinkulunkulu, kodwa ziyizinhlamvu ezimbili. Kunombono wokuthi izincwadi zanamuhla zivela kumaqhawe nasezindaba, ezichazwe ku-epic.

I-Saga

I-Legend - lokhu futhi kuyi-saga - izindaba eziphathelene nabantu bangempela okukhulunywe ngawo yonke imininingwane yempilo yabalingiswa. Ngokujwayelekile bachaza impilo yomkhaya othize: indlela yayo yokuphila, izingane. Le saga ilandisa ngezizukulwane nesikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi kwabantu baseScandinavia (ngokuvamile eNorway noma e-Iceland), imindeni eminingi ihlonipha okhokho babo, iqoqa ulwazi mayelana nokuphila kwabo ngokufutheka futhi ibuyisela esizukulwaneni esilandelayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, baba njalo. Ngezinye izikhathi i-saga ingahle ilandise mayelana neminyaka yonke.

Amatheksthi eBhayibheli

Lokhu mhlawumbe ungqimba olubanzi kakhulu lokutadisha nokuqonda kwethu, ngoba, empeleni, yakha umqondo wethu wenkolo yonke. Bachaza impilo yabangcwele nabantu ababekhona eminyakeni eminingi edlule. Ngeshwa, nathi asikwazi ukuwaqinisekisa ngobuqiniso. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwesintu, izazi-mlando eziningi zifunda izinkondlo zeBhayibheli futhi zithole iziqinisekiso eziningi kubo. Ngokuqondene nesikhathi esidala, abaningi abalobi bezingane bafunda nalolu hlobo.

Izincwadi zakudala zaseRussia zenziwa kusukela ngekhulu le-11 kuya kwele-16. Naye wayenokholo kakhulu. Kwakuvamile ukuthi umlobi womuntu ungumuntu okwazi ukuxhumana noNkulunkulu. Wayiqondisa, futhi umbhali, naye, wadumisa imiBhalo Engcwele. Singasho ngokuphepha ukuthi le nganekwane uhlobo lwezincwadi zakudala zesiRussia.

Izincwadi

Ama-alfabhethi amaSlav avela phakathi nekhulu le-IX. Yadalwa nguCyril noMethodius ukuze bahumushe imibhalo engcwele. Ulimi lweSonto alukwazanga ukuba yilokho okuzoshicilela khona amabhuku wezobuciko. Yingakho ezincwadini zasendulo zaseRussia azikho amaqhawe, uthando, okuhlangenwe nakho, ukuhlupheka, njalonjalo, kuze kube sekhulu le-XVII. Imisebenzi yamahlaya nayo yayivinjelwe ngenxa yesono sokuhleka. Wayebhekwa njengomsebenzi, okuphazamisa ukuthandaza nokucabanga ngezinto ezinhle.

Ingqikithi yokuqala eqoshiwe iwukuthi "Izwi lomthetho nomusa." Lalotshwa yiMetropolitan yaseKiev, i-Illarion. Ukudalwa kwayo cishe kuya emuva eminyakeni engu-30-40 yekhulu le-11. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunama-annals. Babevame ukuchaza impilo yabangcwele ababekhazimulisa ukholo futhi babelane ngolwazi lwabo nabantu. Siphetha ngokuthi le ngqungquthela ibuye ibe uhlobo oluhlanganisa izindaba.

Amazwi abantu

Kukhona into enjalo njenge-epic. Lena ingoma evamile, ebhaliwe kwivesi le-tonic. Indaba yezindaba iyisiqephu. Ngamunye wabo ukhuluma ngokuphila kwamaqhawe. Sinendaba yabo siqu, ehlobene nalokhu noma lowo mcimbi okwenzeka eRussia. Izinganekwane ezinjalo ziyingxenye yesibopho futhi zibizwa ngokuthi "ama-antiquities".

Ama-epics aseRussia nezici zawo

Into ebaluleke kakhulu lapha ingoma, ukuqala nokuphela. Ingxenye yokuqala yabo ayifuni neze ukuxhumana nezindaba eziyinhloko. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze akhangele umfundi noma umlaleli. Umcimbi oyinhloko, ochazwe ku-epic, ubizwa ngokuthi ukuqala. Ekupheleni, kuchazwa idili, elihlelwe ukuhlonipha isitha. Ama-Melodies ema-epics nawo ahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, okuqinile, okuhloniphekile, okusheshayo, okujabulisayo, okuzolile, okuphephile.

Ama-Bylins ahlukaniswa ukuthanda izwe, izikhonzi zazo zihlale zihlonishwa. Baxoxa ngokuthi iRussia enhle futhi engenakunqotshwa yiyo, ikhanyisa isithunzi sezikhulu, abaphikisi, isibindi sabo. Amahhashi afika ngokushesha ekusizeni, asize futhi avikele abantu enhlekeleleni ezayo. Ngaphambilini, ngaphambi kuka-1830, izingoma ezinjalo zabizwa ngendlela ehlukile. Kuphela emva kwalesi sikhathi, usosayensi I. Sakharov wethula umqondo "we-epic".

Iqhawe elikhulu phakathi kwabo liyiqhawe elinamandla laseRussia. Laba bantu babe namandla anjalo angaphezu kokulawulwa komuntu ovamile. Futhi babenesibindi nesibindi. Amaqhawe anganqoba noma yisiphi isitha ngokuzimela ngaphandle kwezikhali. Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukuvikela iRussia ezitheni nasezingxenyeni zokuphila kanye nenkululeko yabantu.