Walter Scott: i-biography emfushane kanye nobuciko

UWalter Scott, ochazwe kulokhu kulesi sihloko, ungumlobi owaziwa emhlabeni wonke waseScottish. Kukholelwa ukuthi nguye umsunguli wenveli yomlando. Mhlawumbe, ezweni elifundisiwe akekho abantu abangajwayelekile nge-knight yakhe i-Ivanhoe noma umlando kaRob Roy.

Ubuntwana nentsha

USir Walter wazalwa ngo-Agasti 1771 e-Edinburgh. Umndeni wakhe wawuphumelele kakhulu futhi wafundiswa. Ubaba - uWalter John - wayengummeli. Umama - u-Anna Rutherford - wayeyindodakazi kaprofesa wezokwelapha. Le mbhangqwana yayinezingane eziyishumi nantathu. Umlobi wazalwa ngesishiyagalolunye emgqeni, kodwa ngesikhathi esifinyelela eneminyaka eyisithupha ubudala wayenabafowabo nodadewethu abathathu kuphela.

Ngemuva kokufa, uWalter Scott ngokwakhe wayengahamba. I-biography emfushane yezingane ayicacisi leli phuzu. Kodwa ngoJanuwari 1772 ingane yagula kakhulu. Odokotela bathola ukukhubazeka kwengane. Izihlobo zazesaba ukuthi ingane izohlala ingapheli isikhathi eside, kodwa ngemuva kwezinyathelo eziningi zokwelashwa odokotela bakwazi ukumbamba. Ngeshwa, kuze kube sekupheleni, ukuhamba akuzange kubuyiselwe, futhi uSir Walter wayelokhu ekhubazekile impilo.

Izikhathi eziningana kwakudingeka athole ukwelashwa eside emiphumeleni yokugula okuncane emaphandleni.

Iningi lentsha yakhe yayise edolobheni elihle laseSandin, lapho ipulazi lomkhulu wakhe lalikhona khona.

Lapho eneminyaka engu-7 ubudala, wabuyela kubazali bakhe e-Edinburgh, futhi kusukela ngo-1779 waqala ukuya esikoleni. Ukukhubazeka okungokomzimba kuye okungaphezu kokungena esikhundleni sengqondo ephilayo kanye nenkumbulo emangalisayo.

Ngemuva kokushiya esikoleni, uWalter Scott, owaziwa yi-biography emfushane, uya ekolishi lendawo.

Ngalesi sikhathi, uqala ukuzibandakanya ezintabeni, futhi ngenxa yempilo. Imisebenzi yemidlalo yasiza le nsizwa ukuba ikhule futhi ihlonishwe yiontanga. Wafunda okuningi, ekhokha ngokukhethekile izindaba zeScottish kanye nama-ballads. USir Walter wafunda isiJalimane ukuze aqonde kangcono izimbongi zaseJalimane, ezakhiwa nobuciko eminyakeni yabo yokufunda.

Bonke njengabangane bakhe bathi bangumlandeli wezindaba, futhi bambikezele ukuthi ungumlobi omkhulu. Kodwa uScott ube nomunye umgomo: wayephuze ngokuthola idiploma emthethweni.

Umsebenzi

Lokhu kwenzeke ngo-1792, lapho udumo lwabhaliwe lwesikhathi esizayo luhambisana nokuhlolwa eyunivesithi. Wanikezwa idiploma, kanti uWalter Scott, owaziwa yilo mlando ubufakazi bokuphumelela komlobi, wavula umkhuba wakhe wezomthetho.

Ngo-1791, uScott wangena eqenjini lezingxoxo, waba ngumgcinimafa wakhe kanye nonobhala. Kamuva uzokhuluma ngalezi zihloko zezinguquko zephalamende nokuzivikela kwabahluleli.

Ngokokuqala ngqa uScott wenza njengomvikeli enkambisweni yobugebengu ngo-1793 eJedburgh.

Ngenxa yemisebenzi yakhe, uSir Walter wachitha isikhathi esincane e-Edinburgh, wahamba okuningi ezungeze isifunda, ebamba iqhaza ezinkantolo ezihlukahlukene. Ngo-1795, wavakashela uGalloway, lapho enza khona njengommeli weqembu elimangalelwa.

Akashiyi intshisekelo yakhe yezincwadi futhi uletha kuzo zonke izintambo izinto eziningi ze-folklore, ukurekhoda kwezinganekwane nezinkondlo zendawo.

Ngonyaka ofanayo, ngo-1795, i-Edinburgh Bar Association ikhetha njengomgcini welabhulali, ngoba uScott nguye owazi kakhulu kule ndaba.

Uthando lwezinkondlo nokubhala ngokujwayelekile alumthelela omkhulu emsebenzini omkhulu kaWalter Scott.

Ngemuva kokudalwa kwamabutho aseNgilandi - ngo-1796 - wangena embusweni wasebukhosini we-dragoon, lapho eqokwa khona.

Kusukela ngo-1799 ephephandabeni lendawo liqala ukushicilela izihloko zikaScott ezindabeni zomthetho. Ngonyaka ofanayo wamiswa njengomphathiswa weSelkirkshire.

Ngo-1806, wamiswa esikhundleni sikaNobhala weNkantolo e-Edinburgh J. Houma. Ngo-1812, emva kokufa kwalowo wesithathu, uScott uthola lesi sikhundla kanye nenzuzo engamakhilogremu angu-1,300 ngonyaka. Lo msebenzi udinga umlobi ukuba abe khona nsuku zonke enkantolo, kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, ukuthakazeliswa kwezincwadi akusizi lutho.

Umsebenzi wezinkondlo

U-Walter Scott, ongu-biography omfushane awunayo yonke imicimbi esuka ekuphileni kwakhe okuthakazelisayo kakhulu, wahamba okuningi efuna amabhalla amadala nezinkondlo ayephupha ngokushicilela.

Umsebenzi wakhe njengomlobi waqala ngezinguqulo. Okuhlangenwe nakho kokuqala kwakuyizimbongi zaseJalimane Burger, izinkondlo zazo ("Lenore", "Wild Hunter") azivumelanisa nabakhileyo e-United Kingdom. Kwabe sekukhona uGoethe nomlobi wakhe "Goetz von Berlichingham."

Ngo-1800 wabhala i-ballad yokuqala yokuqala "Ivanov Vecher". Ngo-1802, iphupho lakhe ligcwaliseka - ishicilelo esithi "Izingoma zomngcele waseScotland" ishicilelwe, lapho yonke indaba eqoqiwe yohlu lwama-folklore ishicilelwe.

UWalter Scott, owaziwa yizinto ezithandekayo ngomsebenzi wakhe, ngomzuzwana waba udumo. Kusukela ngo-1807 kuya ku-1815 wadedela imisebenzi eminingi yothando eyayimkhazimulisa njengomuntu omusha kanye nenhlakanipho yenkondlo ye-lyric-epic.

Indlela yeprose

Ukuqala ukubhala amanoveli, uWalter Scott waphikisana nokuphumelela kwalolu daba, nakuba kwakusakaziwa emphakathini. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala we-prose "Waverly" washicilelwa ngo-1814. Akusho ukuthi yathola impumelelo nodumo, kodwa yahlonishwa kakhulu ngabagxeki nabafundi abavamile.

Sekuyisikhathi eside, uScott wabonisa ukuthi yikuphi uhlobo lokubhala amanoveli akhe. Umbhali akazange angabaza ukuthi bazoxhunyaniswa nomlando. Kodwa ukuze ahluke kwabanye futhi alethe okuthile okusha ezweni lokubhala, wakha isakhiwo esisha ngokuphelele futhi ngaleyo ndlela wadala uhlobo lweveli yomlando . Kulo, ubuntu bomuntu bangempela kanye nomlando wenkathi, futhi abalingiswa abaqanjiwe baqala phambili, isiphetho esithonywa yizehlakalo zomlando.

UWalter Scott, owaziwa ngaye kanye nomsebenzi wakhe ubumbene uthando lwakhe lwesikhathi esidlule, wabhala amanoveli angamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili empilweni yakhe. Lona umlobi osebenza kahle, ngoba inoveli yokuqala yanyatheliswa lapho eseneminyaka engamashumi amane nambili ubudala!

Kuze kube ngu-1819, uScott wabhala esebenza ngokuzimela komphakathi nomlando. Isibonelo, amaPuritan (mayelana nokuvukela umbuso waseStuarts), uRob Roy (mayelana neScottish Robin Hood), njll.

Ngemuva kokusebenza kwemisebenzi yakhe kunwetshwa kakhulu. Uma ngaphambilini umlobi enesithakazelo emlandweni waseScotland kuphela, manje ukhuluma ngezenzakalo eNgilandi naseFrance ("Ivanhoe", "Quentin Dourward").

Kusukela ngo-1820, uWalter Scott, ozobhala ngaye kamuva abe ngumthombo wokukhuthazwa kwabalobi abaningi, ushicilela imisebenzi eminingi yomlando (History of Scotland, The Life of Napoleon Bonaparte).

Ezweni lakhe, waba iqhawe. UWalter Scott, umlando owawubaluleke kakhulu eScotland, wenza umhlaba wonke wazi umlando wezwe lakubo ngenxa yemibhalo yakhe.

Ivanhoe

Kumfundi waseRussia, okubaluleke kakhulu ekubhalweni komlobi yincwadi yakhe "Ivanhoe". Kuqhutshelwa esikoleni, bafundwa abafana, bephupha inkazimulo ye knight, kanye namantombazane othandana, abomele uthando.

Kakade ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, le nveli yahlonishwa njengezincwadi ezindala. Ukujikeleza nokuvinjelwa kokuthengisa izincwadi ngaleso sikhathi kwakungokwemvelo.

Ukunakekelwa kwendabuko kukhishwe kuphela kumasiko wesiNgisi. Umbhali uchaza izenzakalo ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaRichard the First. Isisekelo sesiqephu kwakuwumzabalazo phakathi kwamaSaxon namaNormans.

Le ncwadi yahlolwa ngezikhathi ezine futhi iguqulelwe kabili ukuze i-opera.

Ukufa komlobi

Ukuphila kukaWalter Scott kwakucebile kakhulu, kuphumelele futhi, ngokungangabazeki, kuthokozile. Kodwa impilo embi nokuntuleka kokuphumula okuphelele kwenza bazizwe bezwa.

Ngo-1830, ngemva kokuhlaselwa kwe - apoplectic , umbhali waphelela ingalo yakhe. Futhi ngoSeptemba 21, 1832, kwaba nokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo, okwabulala impilo kaSir Walter.

Ukuphila komuntu siqu

U-Walter Scott, ozobhalwa ngokugcwele ngokuchazwa nje ngemva kokufa komlobi, wayengumuntu othembekile futhi ohloniphekile. Wathandana kabili empilweni yakhe. Isikhathi sokuqala kwenzeka ngo-1791. KwakunguWilliam Bellshes, indodakazi yommeli wase-Edinburgh. Kodwa wakhetha kumbhange.

Ngo-1796, uScott wahlangana nomfazi waseFrance uCharlotte Charpentier, owashada ngonyaka. Abashadile babe nezingane ezine (Sofia, Walter, Anna, Charles).

Amaqiniso anentshisekelo

1. Amanoveli okuqala omlobi ashicilelwe engaziwa, bese ebizwa ngaphansi kwegama lika-Waverley.
2. Iningi lelwazi lakhe le-encyclopaedic umlobi owuthola eyedwa, ngoba lokhu kwakudingeka afunde le ncwadi kanye, okuphinde kuqinisekiswe iqiniso lememori yakhe enhle kakhulu.
3. KwakunguScott owaqamba igama elithi "freelancer", esebenzisa encwadini "Ivanhoe".