Bunin, "I Village": ukuhlaziywa. "I-Village", i-Bunin: abalingiswa abakhulu

I-stable, i-organic, entsha emisebenzini yokudala kaBunin yeminyaka yokuqala emva kokuguqulwa kuka 1905-1907. Waba nesifiso sokutadisha ngokoqobo kwezenhlalakahle. Imisebenzi yale minyaka ihlanganisa nathi ekuzindeni okujulile emlandweni waseRussia, abantu bayo, isiphetho sezinguquko zesiRussia. Kukhona ukugxilwa komcabango kazwelonke, womlando, wokuzindla-wefilosofi.

Izici ezijwayelekile ze "Village"

Indaba "Village", eyakhiwe ngo-1910, inokuqukethwe okuyinkimbinkimbi ekubukeni kwansuku zonke kwendabuko. Lona omunye wemisebenzi yokuqala yokuqala ka-Ivan Alekseevich ebhalwe ngeprose. Ngaphezu kokudalwa kwakhe, umlobi wasebenza iminyaka eyishumi, eqala ukusebenza ngo-1900.

U-Voronovsky uchaze lo msebenzi, ovula umjikelezo womuzi emsebenzini kaBunin, njengokutadisha izimbangela "zokuhluleka okungazikhunjulwa" (okungukuthi, izimbangela zokunqotshwa kwezinguquko). Nokho, lokhu okuqukethwe kwe-semantic kwendaba akukhawulelwe. Indaba yokubhujiswa kwama-backwoods aseRussia anikezwe "eMzaneni" ingenye yezincazelo ezinethalente kakhulu zekusasa lomyalelo wezinzalamizi emlandweni wezikhathi zanamuhla. Kukhona umfanekiso ojwayelekile: umuzi uwukufa nokulamba.

Umsebenzi lowo umlobi ozibekelele ukuveza abantu baseRussia ngaphandle kwemibono. Ngakho-ke, u-Ivan Alekseevich uqhuba ukuhlaziywa kwengqondo okungenangqondo ("i-Village"). UBunin wayenempahla ecebile, eyanikeza umlobi impilo ejwayelekile, impilo yansuku zonke kanye nokusebenza kwengqondo kwe-backwoods yaseRussia. Ukuphila okudabukisayo, okubi, okuyinto ukubonakala kwabantu - ukuzinza, ukungahambi kahle, amasiko ahlukumezayo - kwakuboniswa umlobi, ukuphetha iziphetho, kanye nokwenza ucwaningo olunzulu.

"I-Village" (Bunin): isisekelo se-ideological yomsebenzi

Isizathu sokuthi indaba yalesi sithombe sibonisa ukuthi kunzima kangakanani futhi kuyinkinga yombuto othi "Ubani ozolahlwa?". U-Kuzma Krasov, oyedwa wabalingiswa abakhulu, ushaya kabi ngesisombululo salombuzo. Ukholelwa ukuthi akukho lutho oluzovela kubantu abampofu, kodwa umfowabo, uThikhon Krasov, - ukuthi abalimi ngokwabo bayecala ngalesi simo.

Izinhlamvu ezimbili ezibalwe ngenhla ziyizinhlamvu eziyinhloko zalo msebenzi. I-Tikhon Krasov ihlanganisa ubuso bomnikazi omusha omusha, futhi u-Kuzma ungumqondo wabantu. UBunin ukholelwa ukuthi abantu ngokwabo bayosolwa ngalezi zinkinga, kodwa anganiki impendulo ecacile yombuzo, okufanele kwenziwe.

Indaba "Village" (Bunin): ukwakheka komsebenzi

Indaba iyenzeka emzaneni waseDurnovka, okuyisithombe esihlangene somzana obekezelayo. Kulesi sihloko kukhona inkomba ye-idiocy yokuphila kwakhe.

Ukwakhiwa kuhlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu. Eyokuqala phakathi nendawo nguThikhon, engxenyeni yesibili - uVuzma, okwesithathu uhlanganisa impilo yabazalwane bobabili. Ngesisekelo sezinhloso zabo, izinkinga zomzana waseRussia ziboniswa. Izithombe zikaZuzma neThikhon ziyizinto eziningi eziphambene nazo.

I-Tikhon, ekubeni ngumzukulu wezinsizakalo ezikwazi ukuceba futhi zibe ngumnikazi wefa, ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi imali yinto enokwethenjelwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Lo muntu osebenza kanzima, okhaliphile futhi onamandla unika impilo yakhe yonke ekuphishekeleni ingcebo. U-Kuzma Krasov, umhloli weqiniso kanye nomlobi wabantu, ubonakalisa ekupheleni kweRussia, ebhekene nobumpofu babantu kanye nokubuyiselwa kwabalimi.

Izithombe zikaZuzma neThikhon

Esikhathini sikaZuzma Bunin sikhombisa izici ezivelayo zengqondo yabantu abasha, u-Kuzma ucabangela ubuqili nobuvila babantu, ukuthi izizathu zalokhu akuzona kuphela izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi lapho abalimi bewela khona, kodwa nabo ngokwabo. Ngokungafani nesimo saleli qhawe u-Ivan Bunin ("iSidolobha") sibonisa ukubalwa kwe-Tikhon nobugovu. Kancane kancane uyandisa inzuzo, futhi endleleni eya emandleni nokuchuma akuyeki nganoma iyiphi indlela. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwesinqunto esikhethiwe, uzizwa ecindezelekile futhi engenalutho, okuhlobene ngokuqondile nombono esikhathini esizayo sezwe, eveza izithombe zezinguquko ezinonya nakakhulu ezibhubhisayo.

Ngezingxabano, imicabango, iziphetho zabazalwane mayelana nabo kanye nezwe lakubo, umlobi ubonisa izinhlangothi ezikhanyayo nezomnyama zokuphila kwabasimili, eveza ukujula kokunciphisa kwezwe elikhulile, eqhuba ukuhlaziywa kwakhe. "Village" (Bunin) ukuzindla okujulile komlobi esimweni esidabukisayo esimweni sezilwane.

Ingxenye yesithathu yomsebenzi ihlinzekwa ekuboniseni abazalwane ngenkathi yenkinga - ngokuqokomisa imiphumela yokuphila yabalingiswa abakhulu bomsebenzi "Village" (Bunin). Lezi zinhlamvu aziwaneliseki ngokuphila: UZuma ucindezelekile, futhi unelithemba elingenathemba, uTihon ukhathazekile ngengozi yomuntu siqu (ukungabi nabantwana), kanye nokubhujiswa kwezisekelo zenhlangano yasendlini yasendlini. Abazalwane bayazi ukuthi bangenathemba kanjani isimo abazitholela bona. Naphezu kokuhlukana kubalingiswa nezifiso zabo, isiphetho salezi ziqhawe ezimbili kufana nezici eziningi: naphezu kokukhanya kwabo nokuchuma, isimo somphakathi senza kokubili okungadingekile futhi okungadingekile.

Ukuhlolwa komlobi we-revolution

Indaba "Village" (Bunin) ukuhlolwa okucacile, okuqotho nokuqinisile kweRussia ngesikhathi sokuphila komlobi. Kubonisa ukuthi labo "abahlubuki" abanabantu abangenalutho nabangenangqondo, abakhulile ngobuqili nokungabi namasiko, futhi ukuphikisana kwabo kungumzamo ozobhujiswa ukushintsha okuthile. Kodwa-ke, abakwazi ukwenza izinguquko zabo ezingqondweni zabo, okuhlala kungenathemba futhi okuyize, njengokuhlaziywa komlobi. Idolobha laseBunin libuhlungu.

Isithombe sezilwane zasendle

Amantombazane avela phambi komfundi kuyo yonke into engathandekiyo: ukushaya izingane kanye nabafazi, ukuphuza ngokweqile, ukuxhaphaza izilwane. Ama-durnovtsy amaningi awakwazi ukuthi kwenzekani nxazonke. Ngakho, isisebenzi uKoshel sivakashele ngolunye usuku eCaucasus, kodwa akakwazi ukutshela lutho ngaye, ngaphandle kokuthi kukhona "intaba entabeni". Ingqondo yakhe "iyimpofu", uphendulela konke okungaqondakali, okusha, kodwa ukholelwa ukuthi ubonile umlumbi wangempela kamuva.

Uthisha waseDurnovka uyisosha, isizwe esivamile kakhulu ekubukeni, sithwele, kodwa-ke, into engafanele ukuthi kungenzeka "ukutshala ngezandla" kuphela. Ukuqeqeshwa kwakubonakala sengathi wayejwayele ukuqeqeshwa kwempi.

Umsebenzi "Village" (Bunin) usinika isithombe esisodwa esicacile - indoda yaseGrey. Wayengumuntu ohluphekile kakhulu emaphandleni, enomhlaba omningi. Ngesikhathi iGrey eyakhela indlu entsha, kodwa kwakudingeka itshiswe ebusika, ngakho waqala ukushisa uphahla, wase uthengisa indlu. Leli hero liyenqaba ukusebenza, lihlala lingasebenzi endaweni yokuhlala, futhi izingane ziyesaba ukudla, njengoba zijwayele ukuhlala ebumnyameni.

Umzana wonke waseRussia, ngakho-ke umsebenzi uveza isiphetho sezwe lonke. UBunin wayekholelwa ukuthi abalimi bayakwazi kuphela ukuvukela okungaqondile futhi okungenangqondo. Indaba ichaza indlela abaye bahlubuka kuyo yonke indawo. Kwaphela neqiniso lokuthi abalimi babashisa iziqephu ezimbalwa, "bafa futhi bathula".

Isiphetho

U-Ivan Alekseevich usolwa ngokuzonda abantu, wayengazi umzana. Kodwa umlobi akasoze wadala indaba enjalo yokubhoboza, uma engazange ahlupheke ngenxa yezwe lakhe kanye nabalimi, njengoba kubonakala emsebenzini "Village." UBunin wayefuna ukukhombisa okuqukethwe kwendaba yakhe yonke indawo yasendle neyomnyama evimbela abantu nezwe ekuthuthukiseni.