Inganekwane yomhume kaPlato. Ukufihla nokuqonda okuvamile

IGrisi lasendulo lanikeza abantu abahlakaniphile emhlabeni, abafundisa izimiso zesayensi yanamuhla. Imisebenzi yabo nemicabango yabo abalahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwabo iminyaka eyizinkulungwane. Imisebenzi enjalo ihlanganisa "Inganekwane Emgodini" yiPlato, ohlaziyo lwakhe, isifinyeto kanye nokwamukelwa kokuchazwa okushiwo kulesi sihloko.

Mayelana nePlato

UPlato ungumfilosofi waseGrisi lasendulo, osebenza imisebenzi yakhe futhi avuselela abalandeli abaningi. Wazalelwa e-Athene, emndenini owavela izimpande zamakhosi asendulo.

UPlato wathola imfundo egcwele ngaleso sikhathi futhi waqala ukubhala izinkondlo. Ukukwazi noSocrates nobuhlobo babo kwaba yisikhuthazo sokuthola ifilosofi. E-Athene, uzolungisa isikole sakhe, lapho ezodlulisela ulwazi kubafundi abaningi abafanelekayo.

Imisebenzi kaPlato ihlelwe ngendlela engajwayelekile yezingxoxo, eziningi zazo eziqhutshwa ngokujwayelekile ngeSocrates.

Izimiso eziyisisekelo zefilosofi azihlelwa ngendlela ecacile, ezingxoxweni zabo zidlula njengehlelo lemibono. "Inganekwane yomhume" kaPlato ingenye yezizathu zakhe ezivelele eziphathelene nemibono yomphakathi kanye nenkolelo yamandla aphezulu.

"Inganekwane yomhume" kaPlato. Isifinyezo

"Inganekwane yomhume" kaPlato iyinhlangano yakhe, okuyinto isazi sefilosofi esisebenzisa ukuchaza imibono yakhe. Singayithola emsebenzini "UMbuso", esahlukweni sesikhombisa. "Inganekwane yomhume" kaPlato ibheke kancane ngezansi.

Ukuqala kwenganekwane kuchaza indawo yesenzo: "indawo yokuhlala ngaphansi komhlaba, njengomhume". Kukhona abantu ezintanjeni eziqinile ezingabavumeli ukuba baphenduke ekukhanyeni noma babheke nxazonke. Lezi zizwe zibona kuphela okulungile phambi kwazo. Bibhekene nomlilo nokukhanya okukunikezayo. Okuseduze udonga ngemuva kwalokhu abanye, abantu abakhululekile bathwala izinto ezahlukene: izithombe, izinto zasendlini nokunethezeka. Abantu ababoshiwe emhumeni, bangaboni izinto ngokwabo, kodwa kuphela izithunzi zabo. Babheka, banika amagama, kodwa ukubukeka kwawo kwangempela, umbala, lokho okuyizinto okuyizinto ezingenakufinyeleleka kuzo. Ngokufanayo, imisindo abazwayo, abantu ababoshiwe ngokungekho emthethweni emathunzini. Ababoni izinto zangempela, kodwa kuphela izithunzi nokubona kwabo.

"Inganekwane yomhume." Ukuqedwa

"Inganekwane emhumeni" kaPlato yembula imibono yakhe ngokuqinile futhi ngokushelelayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uPlato, enkulumweni yakhe yokukhulumisana neKomidi Eliyinhloko, ukhulisa indaba ngale ndlela: uqondisa umfundi embonweni wokuthi umboshwa uziphatha kanjani uma ekhishwa futhi avunyelwe ukubheka izinto ezazitholile izithunzi zakhe. Umxhumanisi wePlato uthi kungaba ubuhlungu obukhulu kumuntu owayekade eboshiwe, lapha "umkhuba" kuyadingeka.

Bobabili uPlato noMninimkhulu oyinhloko bayaqaphela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi umboshwa okhululwe emhumeni uyokwazi ukuqonda futhi avume ukuthi yiziphi lezi zinto, eshiya izithunzi zabo njengombono oyiphutha. Kodwa kwenzekani uma isiboshwa sibuya? UPlato noGlavcon bafika emcabangweni wokuthi, lapho bebuyele emhumeni, umuntu oxolelwe uzama ukuvula amehlo akhe kubangane bakhe. Ingabe izokwamukelwa futhi ziqondwe yizo? Ngeshwa, cha, uzobahlekisa futhi abe namahloni kuze kube yilapho amehlo akhe ejwayele ubumnyama futhi isithunzi ngeke siphume endaweni yezingcaphuno zangempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvelo yakhe ezungezayo iyokholelwa ukuthi inkululeko yakhe nokuba ngaphandle komhume imenze engabi nempilo futhi bona ngokwabo akufanele balwele ukukhululeka.

Ngakho-ke, uPlato uchaza isifiso somqondo ophakeme womuntu kanye nesimo sengqondo somphakathi ekufuneni lokhu.

"Inganekwane yomhume" kaPlato. Incazelo ichaza futhi ifihliwe

Inganekwane, engeyena umsebenzi owodwa, yaba yilabo bobabili ifilosofi kanye nezinye izimpande zesayensi, ngayinye yazo eyathola izincazelo zayo ezifihlekile. Nazi ezinye izici ezicacile futhi ezicacile zencazelo yamanga kusukela ekubukeni komuntu:

• Ukucabanga nokuphakama okukhulu. Izithunzi zibonakala ezinyangeni, izwi lizwakala yizo. Kodwa kuyadingeka ukwenza imizamo yokuqonda okubalulekile kwezinto. Kuyinto ephakeme kakhulu ukusebenza komzamo wengqondo;
• Isimo njengezibopho, inkululeko nokubuya (lesi sici sinokuhlukahluka okuningi kanye nezinkondlo);
• Ukubonakala nokuphrinta. Umuntu ubona isithunzi, kodwa angaboni into. Ukubonakala kwakhe kufakwe emthunzini, ngakho impendulo ithatha indawo yalo mqondo ngokwawo;
• Indlela yokuphila yomuntu. Izinzwa kuphela zikhawulelwe ekukhawulelweni okulinganiselwe, okuyi-ascetic. Imizamo yengqondo yokuhlola lokho abakubonayo yimbono ebucayi kakhulu, ukuhlolwa kwefilosofi.

Ukuhlaziywa kwezinganekwane

Kukhona imisebenzi engakhulunywa ngayo isikhathi eside, futhi ngeke inikeze okungenani ukucabanga. Lona "inganekwane yomhume" kaPlato. Inemifanekiso eminingi nemibono, eye yafundwa yizazi zefilosofi emhlabeni wonke iminyaka eyizinkulungwane.

Ake sicabangele ukubaluleka kwesithombe somhume:

• Ukuthintelwa. Umhume uvimbela ukubukeka komuntu, umsebenzi wakhe wokuzijabulisa. Umgogodla njengohlaka lokuqashelwa komuntu. Uma isiboshwa sawo sidlulela ngaphesheya kwemingcele, izisekelo ngaphakathi kwazo aziguquki futhi azamukeli emuva. Umhume ngokwawo uzivikela ekubhujisweni. Uma abantu ngaphakathi kwakhe babengakaze babone ukukhanya kwelanga, babeyokhipha konke ukuphuma ebumnyameni. Kodwa umhume uvale ukukhanya kubo, futhi abaprofethi abanesizungu abanakho ukholo.
• Umhume ufana nesimo. Umbono ophikisanayo. UPlato ngokwakhe akazange agcizelele umbono onjalo wezithombe zakhe. Kodwa mhlawumbe wayesaba ngenxa yesikole sakhe nabafundi bakhe. Imibono enjalo, eyabizwa esidlangalaleni, ingamlimaza kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uPlato wadala i- "State", "The Myth of the Cave" ngokuyibeka kulo msebenzi.

Ekuphethweni

"Inganekwane yomhume" kaPlato kuyindlela yakhe yokuveza imibono eyisisekelo yombono wezwe, umbuso nendawo yomuntu. Wonke umuntu angakwazi ukuhumusha imibono yakhe ngendlela indlela umbono wakhe wezwe kanye nokubukwa kwezwe okusho ngayo, ngakho-ke ukubaluleka kwalesi sigqebhezana sefilosofi yomhlaba ngeke kunciphise.