Ukuhlaziya amanzi emthonjeni: intengo, ukusebenza kanye laboratories. Ivelaphi le ukuhlaziya amanzi emthonjeni?

Lapho amanzi emthonjeni ekhethiwe ukuphuza eyodwa, kuphezulu Artesian (osenyameni) amanzi. Ukungcola, bavikelekile ebusweni izingqimba eliqinile edwaleni. Uma engekho yalezi kudlule komunye: non-ingcindezi khathizwe komhlaba. ukuhlaziywa Edingekayo amanzi emthonjeni, okwaphumela kokuhlaziywa kwamathenda izinga amanzi zemvelo, kanye nokuhambisana kwawo ngamanzi izidingo zokulawula amanzi okuphuza. Sebenzisa kahle sokuphuza amanzi supply kungenzeka ibe ngaphansi kwegunya isiphetho esihle ekhishwa amandla indawo Rospotrebnadzor.

amasampuli

Ukunemba imiphumela luhlolo zamakhemikhali bacteriological incike isiqondiso lapho amasampula izinto nendlela zithathwe ngokushesha ngemva izibonelo zalokho okwenziwa amanzi kusukela test kahle.

Ticalo izibonelo zalokho amanzi uzotshala emthonjeni ukuqedela jet acaciseleke abuye ezingeni ashukumisayo njalo. Amapharamitha Chemical okudingekile ukunquma amahora kungakadluli 72. Uma lokhu kungeke kwenzeke, khona-ke isampuli selehlile futhi ekheniwe (endaweni yokucwaninga). amasampula amanzi zilethwe kamuva ilahlekelwa impahla yayo, futhi imiphumela yokuhlaziya zihlale alithembekile. izakhiwo bacteriological lamanzi kufanele azimisele ngaphakathi ngosuku olulodwa ngemva izibonelo zalokho.

Ngezinye ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali emanzini emithonjeni amasampuli izigubhu epulasitiki. Ifanele ingilazi ahlanzekile noma plastic (entsha noma aphume amaminerali amanzi) ibhodlela. Bona ahoxiswa siyakazwe ngamanzi izikhathi eziningana. Amabhodlela egcwele ukuze izitsha babengenalo Bubbles emoyeni. Ivolumu isampuli incike onjani ukuhlaziywa izobanjelwa. Ukuze 1.5 L emelela anele ephelele - 3 amalitha.

On ukuhlaziya amanzi emisebeni kuthululwe kancane uhambe ukusakaza hose, lehla phansi ibhodlela ukugwema volatilization ka Radon.

Izitsha amasampula ukuze bamhlole bacteriological izokhipha Ses laboratory. Kuleyo ngosi uyothola bafundiswe indlela ukuthola isampula. Kungcono uma uzokwenza laboratory. Isikhathi Delivery isampula - hhayi ngaphezu kwamahora amabili. Amanzi ukuhlaziywa Ses uqhuba kahle ngokushesha.

izinkomba izinga

Ukuphuza amanzi kufanele kube: ne evumayo izakhiwo organoleptic (lokho umuntu ubona izinzwa), engenangozi amakhemikhali ukwakheka, ephephile ngemisebe ubudlelwane bacteriological.
Amanzi okuphuza kukalwa ngesikhathi ngokomzimba, umonakalo omkhulu obangelwa imisebe, zamakhemikhali izakhiwo microbiological.

izakhiwo

Amazinga amanzi kukalwa kusayithi izibonelo zalokho. I ukuqinisela lokhu inkomba ngezikhathi ezahlukene isiqinisekiso ukuntuleka kwamanzi inflow.

Iphunga ne ukunambitheka nge flavour njengoba kunqunywa esakhiweni noma ngaphakathi 2 amahora Ukuhlolwa. Ngu umsuka amaphunga angaba: yemvelo (Marsh, Putrid, hydrosulfide, inhlanzi, njll) noma yokufakelwa (phenol, camphor, chlorine, resin nabanye).

Ekhethwayo amanzi ahlanzekile - nengenaphunga futhi kunganambitheki. Ivunyelwe ukusebenzisa amanzi ekuhloleni ukunambitheka unuke 2 amaphuzu.

Amanzi obala ngenxa yokuba khona therein ukumiswa kanye colloids. Yinto evamile ukukhuluma le nkomba uma engena emanzini okuphuza kuyinto cm 30. Uma obala engaphansi kuka-10 cm, kuphoqelekile kuchazwe izinhlayiya imisiwe.

Chromaticity amanzi - Umbala kubangelwa izinto ezahlukene (acid humic, tannic, yensimbi colloids). Ivunyelwe Inkomba nge value of degrees bengekho ngaphezu kwama-20, noma kuze kube 35 emva kokuvumelana insimu Chief yenhlanzeko Doctor.

Turbidity ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso izinga kuvunyelwe 1.5 mg / l, kodwa engasekho.

I conductivity kagesi emanzini kuyinto encike ngqo kwi angaphezulu aqukethe usawoti ongaba.

chemical nemingcele

Ukuhlaziya amanzi emthonjeni yakhiwa ukuzimisela saziso:

• ukuphendula asebenzayo (pH), - degree of asidi noma ayinayo, kuyinto lokuhlushwa quantified hydrogen ion. Imikhawulo 6.5-8.5 inkomba.
• Ayinayo - okuqukethwe organic acid nosawoti.
• Ubude ubulukhuni - ubuningi Imininingwane calcium ne-magnesium ion. Ukuze ukuphuza izinjongo lokuhlushwa sivumelekile ezingekho ngaphezu 7 meq ilitha.
• I ezomile ezisalayo - libhekene khona amanyela. Emanzini okuphuza, lesi sibalo akufanele futhi iyophakama kuno-1000 mg ilitha.
• izinto nitrogen-oqukethe - lezi zihlanganisa ammonia, nitrite (oxide acid) nemikhiqizo kamanyolo (nitric acid). 'Bayizisebenzi nakomaka "yokungcoliswa kwamanzi. Uma amanzi, i-ammonia, kodwa akukho nitrites - fresh yokubola amaprotheni compounds. Ukwabelana yobukhona babo ikhuluma ngesikhathi esithile kusukela ngosuku ukungcoliswa kokuqala. Uma kungekho i-ammonia, kodwa khona nitrites futhi ikakhulukazi nitrate - amanzi ahlanze ngokwayo. Kwemoya edlule. Ngezinhloso ukuphuza kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa amanzi enokulandelela ammonia kanye nitrites. Nitrate avunyelwe elingekho ngaphezu kuka 10 mg / l. I lokuhlushwa ukungcola emanzini okuphuza 50 mg ilitha oxidant kunikeza umsebenzi igazi.
• Oxidizability (i-oksijini okulingana oxidant ukugeleza) for the komhlaba libhekene ayibi ngaphezu kuka-5 mg / l O _2.
• Hydrogen sulfide - ngaphandle iphunga amaqanda ebolile, kunikeza amanzi corrosivity, kubangela amapayipi overgrowing ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa amagciwane nesibabule.
• i-oksijini yahlakazeka - hhayi ngaphansi kuka 4 mg ilitha ngasiphi isikhathi sonyaka.
• Iron (okuqukethwe Imininingwane) - hhayi ngaphezulu kuka 0.3 mg litre amanzi ngamunye.
• Sulfate - hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-500, chloride - akukho kuka 350 mg litre amanzi ngamunye.
• Microcomponents (amanani avunyelwe zinikwa mg ilitha): I-arsenic - hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-0.05; fluoro - ngaphansi kuka 1.5 ukuze I neyesi-II izifunda zezulu hhayi kuka 1.2 mg / L esifundeni zezulu III; ithusi - hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-1; Zinc - ngaphansi kuka-5; manganese - esingaphansi kuka 0.1.

ukuhlaziywa egcwele amanzi emthonjeni futhi iqukethe ezinye izingxenye trace: mercury phambili, i-strontium cadmium, molybdenum, selenium, cyanides.

microbiological

Ubude count microbial - akukho ngaphezu kuka-50 amakoloni microbial e 1 ml oprobyvat amanzi. Ngo isampula 100 ml thermotolerant coliform kanye Imininingwane amagciwane akufanele kube.

Amazinga Safety Kushisa bhé kule ndawo

Ukuze ukuphuza umkhawulo amanzi uyakwazisa izinkomba (iyunithi BQ / l):

• 0.1 Imininingwane radioactivity-alpha izinhlayiya;
• Imininingwane radioactivity beta izinhlayiya 1.0.

Olunye ulwazi

Unesibopho sokunquma amazinga yokuhlanzeka amanzi ngaphansi komhlaba inikezwa umphakeli, wabhekisela emithethweni abstractor Russian. Ngokomthetho amanzi, ubophekile ukuba ilayisensi imisebenzi yayo kanye ukuthola ilayisensi isizinda komhlaba. Lukulokhu usethe uhlu analytes futhi imvamisa lapho ukuhlaziywa amanzi Kwenziwa womthombo. Rospotrebnadzor abagunyaziwe laboratories kuyo yonke imizi Russian. Lokhu federal Izilawuli ejensi kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi enikeziwe ukubhekwa. Ungakwazi umyalo wokuba uJesu abulawe. ukuhlaziya kunoma iyiphi enye laboratory, kodwa akusho lokho ngempela accredited ukwenza lezi cwaningo. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuba adonswe ngamapayipi ukuphuza amanzi, umsebenzisi amanzi siphoqelekile ukuthola umbono induna udokotela sanitary of amanzi indawo test kahle. Inani ukuzimisela omunye Inkomba cishe ruble 450.