I-Cuban Revolution sika 1953-59

Inguquko-Cuban kuyinto okwathatha isikhathi eside kangako esempini Ukuphokophelela amandla okuphatha, olwaqala ngo-July 26, 1953, futhi yaqedwa ekuqaleni Januwari 1959 ukunqoba okuphelele amavukelambuso. Lo mcimbi kwaholela ushintsho isimiso sezombangazwe sakhona kanye ngokuphelele waphenduka wonke umlando waleli zwe esizayo.

I-Cuban Revolution - Izimbangela

Izinkinga eyinhloko isimo maphakathi nekhulu lama-20 azishintshile:

- monoculture ezolimo - isisekelo sokuthethelelwa umkhakha kwaba kamoba ushukela ;

- latifundia okwandile - omkhulu umhlaba wangasese, okuyinto ayisipesheli kuphela nokuthengiswa kanye bekholelwa ophoqelelwe amaholo zabasebenzi;

- ukwencika umnotho wonke, inhloko-dolobha yase-US.

Ekuqaleni Mashi 1952 kuleli zwe kwakukhona Ukuketulwa etat, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi usumisiwe samasosha amaphoyisa ubushiqela eliholwa Fulgencio Batista.

Amandla entsha ebonakala lesetulu, Cuba waqala nokubacindezela zezombusazwe kanye nezinqubomgomo zomnotho kwaholela nokwehla elibukhali le imali eyiphinda wangempela labantu. Umphakathi lalikhulela ukunganeliseki elichithwayo uhlobo omunye umzamo wokuketula umbuso. Abavukeli ephethwe ummeli abasha umholi wezombangazwe Fidel Castro.

Umlando ayenawo

Iqembu lamavukela-mbuso eholwa Fidel Castro sika-July 26, 1953 wenza umzamo ukuba ahlasele emabhalekisini ebiyelweyo Moncada inqaba e Santiago. Babala phezu yezixuku, ngoba ukunganeliseki umbuso kwamanje wawumkhulu phakathi kwabantu. Nokho, lokhu bekungenzeki, kanye lamabutho ka Abavukeli alwa wodwa amahora amabili, lahluleka kwasani.

Iningi lezi zihlubuki bashonile kwathi lonke uthathiwe nengalo yomthetho. Fidel Castro ngokwakho evikelwe ngesikhathi Isivivinyo ngoba wayengumuntu ummeli. Kube awasho la mazwi odumo: "Umlando Ingabe kungadingeki alandise ngokuziphatha Me."

Zonke abamangalelwa lagwetshwa eningi ejele - kusukela eminyakeni 10 kuya ku-15. Kodwa umphakathi kwaba eceleni lezi zihlubuki, ephoqa Batista ukungena ngemvume ngokushesha oda ushwele. Bazalwane Castro ngokushesha emva kokukhululwa ejele adluliselwe engumakhelwane eMexico ukwakha kukhona inhlangano insurrectionary "M-26" ( "26 Julayi Movement"). Kukhona Fidel Castro ngakwazi ukuhlangana kanye edume wamavukelambuso Che Guevarra, lawo ngokushesha bajoyine M-26.

Ekuqaleni kuka-December 1956 kuya ogwini esifundazweni Oriente wahlamba yacht "Granma", okuyinto lawela Abashokobezi 82 ahlomile. Inguquko-Cuban sokulungiselela waqhubeka esigabeni impi asebenzayo. Ukufika ngokushesha waqaphela namasosha kahulumeni, futhi labhujiswa cishe ngokuphelele. Ngokwemithombo ehlukahlukene, Isinde esuka kubantu 11 kuya 22 kuleli qembu.

Naphezu kokunye ukuhluleka, umuntu Abavukeli babengabathandi ukucabanga bangayeki. Kwanqunywa ukuba kokubuka shí ezweni, ukuya ezindaweni ezisemakhaya. Kukhona Amavukelambuso iwine nokwethenjwa izakhamizi, waqoqa kubo zaba izigaba zalo. Emadolobheni lamakhulu, ingabe kakhulu, kwaba umsebenzi asebenzayo phakathi abafundi. Kuhlelwe nokuvukela ahlomile ukhombe.

Ngesikhathi umbuso Batista kwaba ukungamukeleki hhayi kuphela ezweni labo kodwa futhi e-US - ikakhulukazi umlingani kwezomnotho nakwezempi Cuba. Leli qiniso udlala ezandleni wabaholi.

Ehlobo lika-1958, I-Cuban Revolution wathatha esigabeni okuhlaselayo. Ekwindla lezi zihlubuki olawule esifundazweni Las Villas futhi Oriente, futhi ngosuku lokuqala 1959 amabutho abo ngokunqoba langena Santiago. Kanyekanye lezi zenzakalo amabutho Che Guevarra ngiwuthumbile umuzi Santa Clara.

Batista wanquma siphume siphele kuleli zwe, bese kuthi isihlalo sayo uye empeleni basula. Januwari 2 Abavukeli matasa Havana - inhloko-dolobha Cuba. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, ngo-January 6 emzini ngokunqoba efika Fidel Castro ukuthi iqalise okugcwele okuvela kuhulumeni omusha.

Umlando Cuba emva kwempi

I ingucuko lenkhulu izwe kwaqala ngesikhathi esisodwa. Endaweni ayengaphansi amabutho ahlomile wafika Rebel Army futhi amaphoyisa wathatha Militia indawo Yabantu.

I uguquko kwezolimo kwenziwa Meyi 1959, ngenxa lapho izigodi abangu amiswe, futhi izwe laba impahla yabantwana abalimi kanye nembuso. Kamuva, ngo-1963, amapulazi amakhulu kakhulu sekususiwe, nokubambisana lwaluqala wemboni ushukela.

Futhi ngo-1959, amabhange kanye namabhizinisi amakhulu babé impahla isimo, futhi ngo-1960, zabulawa ezehlela yezinkampani American.

Kusukela 1961, wasungula umkhankaso lonke ukuqeda nokungafundi.

isimo Esimile sasikude kakhulu intando yeningi. Abezindaba baye baba ngokugcwele wawuqondiswa, izakhamuzi eziningi ziye abe amakomiti kahle bahlola ukuzivikela inguquko.

Izinhlangano zezenkolo, kuhlanganise namasonto eziningi zamaKatolika, baye balahlekelwa yikho konke ababenakho, abapristi ikakhulu zixoshwa ezweni.

Ubudlelwano ne-United States emva kwempi, aye sawohloka kakhulu, futhi Castro unqume ngenkuthalo akasondele eduze amazwe kwaphela ubuKhomanisi - ikakhulukazi neSoviet Union. Ngo-February 1960, kuwo basayina isivumelwano sokuqala ku kokwemukela Cuba aid Soviet.

Inguquko-Cuban kuye kwasho ukuthi izwe ishintshile uhlelo zaso zezombangazwe ngokuphelele, futhi ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ka-1961, ngokusemthethweni elalizimise isimo sezenhlalo.