Han Tokhtamysh: ebhodi kanye kwemashi eMoscow

Tokhtamysh Khan wayeyindodana omunye wezikhulu ezinethonya kunazo le zidlamlilo. Ukubusa kwakhe kweminyaka kwaphawulwa ukuvuselelwa Golden amandla zidlamlilo, okuyinto baye bahlupheka kakhulu ngenxa izingxabano eziningi nge ababengaphambi kwakhe. Emlandweni isiRashiya, ukuthi njengoba umhleli kwemashi eMoscow ngo-1382, okwaphela kokubhubhisa abesabekayo idolobha nokushiswa tenements lakhe laziwe.

ukubusa

Ngemva uyise wabulawa, Ngokuzayo khan Tokhtamysh abaleka 1376 kuya Timur, owayengamele ngaleso sikhathi imithetho kwelinye Central uthi Asian. Eminyakeni emibili eyalandela, wasondelana ngosizo abavikela yakhe yazama bechitha umbusi, ngubani ababulawa uyise, kodwa isikhathi ngasinye kuhlulekile. Lapho abaphikisi bakhe bafa, Khan Tokhtamysh e 1378 egumbuqela umlandeli wakhe ababuthakathaka futhi waba umbusi wawo omunye amayunithi kakade waqala ngesikhathi sekhefu up isimo zidlamlilo. Ngonyaka owalandela wabhala incwadi yahlasela yaleyo ngcebo, eyayibonakala kulawulwa umama futhi wakwazi ebamba zonke lezi zidlamlilo komhlaba, kuhlanganise enhlokodolobha. Ngemva Battle of Kulikovo e 1380, lapho ngosizo Timur waba umbusi wawo mbuso united kanye nomthelela ukubuyiselwa isithunzi iziphathimandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho liqala ukuvuselelwa eziningana emizini iVolga zidlamlilo.

Isimo e-Russia

Ngokushesha ngemva kokubusa Khan Tokhtamysh wathumela ezikhulwini isiRashiya, amanxusa nezindaba lokhu futhi imfuneko ukuba beze kuye ngenhloso yokuzama kudlule isiko yendabuko yokuthola amalebula ubukhulu, azisa iminikelo. Specific ababusi abasha kulandela Khan, kodwa eMoscow Grand Prince Dmitry Donskoy wenqaba. Iqiniso liwukuthi emva Battle of Kulikov isikhundla ezweni Russian washintsha: uzowanqoba amaMongol eMoscow maphakathi ubunye emazweni Russian. Lona wumcimbi masonto kwaphakamisa neminye imibuzo mayelana ukwakheka isimo esihlanganisiwe Russian. ukuqondanisa okunjalo amabutho ishintshile ubudlelwane eMoscow-zidlamlilo nalokho akakwazanga ukwamukela khan entsha. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, waqala amalungiselelo kwemashi eMoscow.

Ukuhlaselwa inhlokodolobha

Busting eMoscow Tokhtamysh Khan 1382 kwaba omunye iziqephu esaba sibi kakhulu emlandweni Russian. Lokhu igalelo ikakhulukazi kanzima hit ababephila ngesikhathi ngenxa yokuthi kwenzeke kanjalo maduze ngemuva kokunqoba ekhumbulekayo at Kulikovo ensimini. Ngaphambi ukuthuthela kwesihloko, amaTartar wafika Nizhny Novgorod esifundeni, ogama umbusi, ukufuna ukuvikela impahla yabo kusukela kokubhubhisa, wamnika amadodana akhe. isikhulu Ryazan, futhi ngilangazelela buyisela igalelo ababevela emazweni angu-lokhokho babo, wathumela amaTartar ukuba nemizila emfuleni lapho befika edolobheni eliyinhloko. Khona-ke Dmitry Donskoy, kanye nomzala wakhe futhi isikhonzi wahamba izikhungo suburban ukuze abuthele amasosha ukuba akwazi ukuxosha isitha.

ayehlasela

Busting eMoscow Tokhtamysh Khan lenziwa latholakala kuphela sibonga ngobuqili bayo. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje, izakhamuzi dolobha banisize amabutho abo Lithuanian alwa off the abahlaseli futhi cishe ngabe iwine uma umnqobi akazange ukuya enkohlisweni: waqinisekisa Muscovites ukuthi kuphela wehla ukuzomela inkokhiso yendabuko, futhi esimweni uma uzothola ke, ngokushesha ungasuki izindonga zomuzi. Izakhamuzi babekholelwa futhi amasango. Khona-ke Khan wenza umonakalo omkhulu kuleli dolobha, bazishisa Posad ke baphanga ingxenye amadolobha suburban. Hike Khan Tokhtamysh eMoscow yaphela ngokumuka kwakhe ngemva kwelinye lamaqembu aphambili yakhe egqilazwe amabutho Vladimira Serpuhovskogo.

imiphumela

Umphumela walokhu ukuhlaselwa esibi babe enyantisayo. Umuzi elahlekile abantu mayelana amabili nane, kwaba cishe kwesigamu sabantu bezwe jikelele Imininingwane yenhloko-dolobha. nemizi eseduze nasemizaneni ziye wokushiswa, baphanga. Prince esephindele ngokushesha wathatha izinyathelo okusebenzayo ukuqeda miphumela. Wakhokha imali ngendlela okungcwatshwa ngayo izisulu, ngaphezu, Waba nesandla kabusha nemizana ubhujiswe. Raid Tokhtamysh Khan kwaba buhlungu sina kubantu ayephila nabo, kodwa akazange ayeke kwakuqale inqubo ubunye emazweni azungeze eMoscow. Noma kunjalo, ngemva kwalesi senzakalo, isikhulu eMoscow waphoqeleka ukuthumela indodana yayo ukubheja, bese sekusile kuyo, uncome oneminyaka emibili le bese lifinyelele ukunqamulela sobukhosi. Tverskaya umhlaba wayebhekwa njengochwepheshe abazimele uVladimir ubukhulu.

Race for amandla

Orda Khan Tokhtamysh kusuka 1388 aqala ukulwa abavikela yakhe yokuqala Timur. Esaba ukuthi yokugcina ithumba ingxenye eCaucasus and zapadnoiranskih ihlala ke ethumba njengengxenye yensimu. Nokho, e-1390s ophikisana naye iwine kuso onqobayo ezimbili ezinkulu, futhi kwadingeka kamuva ukuba ilwe kuyimpi ngokumelene amanxusa of Tamerlane. Ngemva kwesikhashana, wagijima isikhulu Lithuanian, abanquma ulisebenzise ukuze Ukunqoba phezu amaTartar. Waphumelela impi 1399, kodwa lo mbusi omusha enamandla Yedigei bamshaya, ngemva kwalokho Tokhtamysh waqala ukuncika emhlabeni nge abavikela yakhe yangaphambili, nokho, yena washona eminyakeni eyisithupha kamuva, futhi uKhan ekugcineni wanqoba wabulawa 1405.

Naphezu kokubhubhisa, okuyinto wenza ezweni isiRashiya, inqubo ubunye baqhubeka. Abalandela Dmitry Donskoy is ingasaphathwa kubhekwe nababusi baleli Golden zidlamlilo, futhi ngokushesha yonke amandla Khan baba bokuzisholo. Lokhu kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba 1480, lapho wokubusa Ivan III ijoka Tatar-Mongol liketulwa ngokuphelele.