Belarusian Yabantu Republic: isimemezelo kanye nomlando

Republic Belarusian Yabantu umzamo wokuqala ukudala isimo yabo zabantwana egatsheni East Slavic - Belarusians. Ngokwazi isipiliyoni kwaba yimpumelelo, futhi lokho kwakungenxa yesizathu sokuthi fragility bokuba khona kwalesi imfundo? Ake silandele indawo okuvela kuyo amazwi izigaba yentuthuko kanye kokufa Belarusian Yabantu Republic.

Ingemuva phezu bpr

Ngemva kokugumbuqelwa autocracy eMbusweni Russian ngo-February 1917, umzabalazo zezombusazwe buye badlondlobala kakhulu, hhayi kuphela e-dolobha - Petrograd - kodwa futhi emaphethelweni amandla, okuyinto waphaphama amabutho kazwelonke. Hhayi lisinde kulokhu ukudalelwa futhi isifundazwe Belarusian, isimo lapho nzima budebuduze naleli phambi Russian-German. Ngemva KwamaBolshevik Revolution ngo-Okthoba ngawo lowo nyaka, isimo saba sibi nakakhulu.

Kakade ngo-November, enkulu kunazo zonke edolobheni e Belarus - Minsk - ingqungquthela ye Workers futhi Amabutho 'amasekela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo sasiqhutshelwa umhlangano yezinhlangano Belarusian kazwelonke, okuyinto kwakhiwa enjongweni efanele yemfundo ngoba ukuzimela ngaphakathi isimo Russian. Ngesikhathi esifanayo elamiswa ngalo omkhulu Belarusian ePhalamende. Ngo-December 1917, Okokuqala Zonke-Belarusian Congress waba ngaphansi kohlelo olubizwa ngokuthi yi yile nhlangano. Kodwa amaBolshevik hhayi kuphela wathatha ingxenye kuwo, kodwa futhi ngamandla waphula umhlangano.

Isimo sashintsha ngokuphelele ngemva ukungena ngemvume Mashi 1918 ka isivumelwano sokuthula e Brest phakathi Soviet Russia futhi uMbuso German. Lesi sivumelwano kuhilela umsebenzi kakhulu yamazwe Belarusian amabutho aseJalimane. Lo mcimbi okulungiselelwe ukumenyezelwa kwezindaba Belarusian Yabantu Republic.

Ukumenyezelwa kwezindaba BNR

Kakade ngo-March 9 kwaba ukumisa ukumenyezelwa kwezindaba Republic isimo Belarusian Yabantu. Lokhu kwenziwa ngo-Executive Committee of the Zonke-Belarusian Congress. Kwathiwa waveza ukuthi BNR ihambisa nobukhosi bawo kuwo wonke umlando emazweni Belarusian futhi izifunda uhlalwe Belarusians yobuhlanga. Kodwa imingcele eqondile zensimu amangalelwe ngohlelo Belarusian Yabantu Republic, futhi engakaze ecacisiwe. Noma-ke wayezimisele isimo inhlangano entsha - nombuso ozimele ngokugcwele, noma ukuzimela ngaphakathi Russia.

Ngosuku olufanayo wakhethwa inhloko Ephakeme KaHulumeni Omkhulu Belarusian ePhalamende. Kwakubonakala ukuba kuvakashe ummeleli wendlunkulu Belarusian Socialist LoMhlangano Janka Sereda.

Mashi 25 eyayibekwe iphuzu lokugcina, ukuqedela isigaba wokumemezela esesidlangalaleni Belarusian Yabantu Republic. Icacisa isimo iphawulwe ngokusobala. Nezimvume ka Belarusian Rada BNR wamemezela geqe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo babe imingcele emisiwe insimu lapho ayekusho kwakungamanga republic abasha.

BNR - isimo ngaphandle wekuba sive

Kodwa ngasizathu simbe Belarusian Yabantu Republic (1918) futhi ayikwazanga ukuthola wekuba sive yangempela. Hhayi indima sokugcina eyadlalwa sengqondo banemizwa engqubuzanayo iziphathimandla isiJalimane, bese empeleni ukulawula izwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abazange iyakwenqabela imisebenzi bpr, kodwa ngakolunye - uye ngokusemthethweni wenqaba ukuqaphela republic, njengoba kungaba okuphambene kuya Brest-Litovsk iSivumelwano nge Soviet Russia. Amanye amazwe nawo hhayi ezisheshayo nge ukuqashelwa isimo abasha.

Eqinisweni, i-Belarusian National Republic akazange ukulawula indawo, okuyinto amangalelwe, njengoba eseneminyaka ngaphansi kweJalimane, babeziphethe izinsimbi zomculo kwezimali ngendlela nekhono uqoqe izintela, akazange abe Uphiko lwamaphoyisa olusebenza ngezinja, akazange ukuphatha ukuba afihle lokho ayikho umthethosisekelo. Iningi oda kanye nezinqumo uhulumeni BNR zikaThimothewu kwakungezomoya luyingxenye wokwazisa. Ngakho, ulimi olusemthethweni neyaziwayo Belarus nenhloko-dolobha yalo - emzini Minsk.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, BNR kwadingeka eziningi izimfanelo isimo. isitembu Kukhona siqu ijazi zomlando izikhali Grand Duchy of Lithuania - "Ukuphishekela", ifulege, obomvu nomhlophe imibala emibili, kwadingeka nobuzwe kwezinhlangano, umthetho lo mphathi. Ngisho kwathatha indawo ngomzamo yakha siqu amabutho akhe ahlomile amasha, Nokho, ayiphumelelanga.

Ukuwa kwe-BNR

Izinkinga ekwakhiweni isimo ayo kubange uqhekeko kuleli party eziholayo BNR - Belarusian Socialist LoMhlangano. Kodwa hhayi ukuqala kwenkathi yokuphela kwezwe futhi ngiye ngabhekana nesikhathi yakha ngaphambi kokuphela republic angabhekwa yokubuyiswa ibutho lamaJalimane eMpini Yezwe I futhi ukuhoxiswa amabutho ezweni ngokuhambisana iSivumelwano SaseVersailles. Ngemva kwalokho, isiphetho BNR kokuvalelwa, ngakho uhulumeni wanquma ukuthuthela kusukela Minsk ukuze Grodno.

On endaweni Smolensk esifundeni ngoJanuwari 1919 , iSoviet Russia esedale isimo upopayi - Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia, okwakubekelwa obonwa amaBolshevik esisemthethweni kuphela. Ngosizo Red Army, ke sesingasabalala umthelela wabo wonke amazwe Belarusian, ngaphandle emzini Grodno, ngubani ethumba nabasePoland.

Nokho, ngosizo we nabasePoland ezathatha Minsk phakathi nempi-Polish namaSoviet ngo-August 1919, bpr Uhulumeni ukuba aphindele dolobha yakhe, kodwa iRed Army ngoDisemba wakwazi ukubuyisela amandla amaBolshevik emazweni Belarusian.

The Belarusian iPhalamende ekugcineni baphoqeleka ukuba bathutha lizwe, kuqala Poland bese Lithuania, eCzechoslovakia, eJalimane, e-USA.

I okwalandela isiphetho

Ungalokothi futhi uhulumeni BNR awabuyelanga insimu ka Belarus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho esekudingisweni, inhlangano yabekwa ezidabula eziningi ngenxa ukubukwa etshiyeneyo umholi walo. Ngakho, enye ingxenye Belarusian ePhalamende ngo-1925 ngisho wenza ukudluliswa kwamandla abo we-Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic. Nokho, ingxenye yesibili isigxeke kakhulu kuye ngoba.

BNR uhulumeni ekudingisweni isasekhona namuhla, futhi ayiboni ukuba semthethweni kwesakhiwo okuholela post-Soviet Republic of Belarus, nakuba ekuqaleni futhi nenhloso enjalo. Kodwa ngemva kokuza amandla Belarus uMongameli u-Alexander Lukashenko Rada wenqaba kusukela uhlelo soqobo.

Isichasiso BNR zisekhona izimpawu eliphikisayo Belarusian.

Izizathu Ngokuwa bpr

Kungani hhayi njengoba Republic isimo Belarusian Yabantu? Izehlo kanye isiphetho kumiswa okwesikhashana kakhulu efana emlandweni namanye ama-republic efanayo ukuthi iphuma amanxiwa Empire Russian. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu Ngokuwa wekuba sive Belarusian ngaleso sikhathi:

• uhlukanise kule nhlangano kazwelonke;
• ukwesekwa ababuthakathaka phakathi bendawo;
• non-ukuqashelwa BNR kwamanye amazwe;
• KwamaBolshevik kokungenela.

Inhlanganisela yalawo izici kusengaphambili isiphetho Belarusian Yabantu Republic.