PDCA-umjikelezo - ifilosofi ngcono okuqhubekayo zebhizinisi

PDCA-umjikelezo (Deming umjikelezo) - one of the imiqondo eyisisekelo yesimanje ukuphathwa theory. Iphinde yakha isisekelo ISO 9000 uchungechunge, ezisetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke ukuphathwa izinga amabhizinisi bonke osayizi kanye nezinhlobo.

definition

Deming PDCA-umjikelezo - ubuchwepheshe okuqhubekayo inqubo ngcono, kokubili ibhizinisi kanye nanoma yimuphi omunye mkhakha womsebenzi. Igama indlela kuyinto segama 4 amazwi English ukulandelana okunengqondo izinyathelo ngcono:

• P - Hlela (Hlela);
• D - Do (ukwenza);
• C - Hlola (uqinisekise, ahlaziye);
• A - Act (isenzo).

Konke okunengqondo futhi ilula: okokuqala udinga ukuthi ucabange ngalokhu senzo. Khona-ke kukhona ukuqaliswa kwazo ngokuhambisana nepulani. Eyesithathu isinyathelo - ukuhlaziywa ngemiphumela. Futhi ekugcineni, esigabeni yokugcina - Mthetho - kuhilela ukwethulwa izinguquko ezithile ukuze kwenziwe ngcono inqubo kanye / noma imigomo emisha. Ngemva Kulesigaba kabusha ukuhlela iqala, okuyinto kufanele bacabangele konke lokho okuye kwenziwa ngaphambi.

Schematically PDCA ukulawula iluphu kusenzo ifomu kwesondo ebonisa ukuthi ngokuqhubeka inqubo.

Manje sibheke isinyathelo ngasinye ngokuningiliziwe.

Hlela (Hlela)

Isigaba sokuqala - uhlela. Kuyadingeka ukuba basho ngokucacile le nkinga, bese unquma ukuthi uyafaneleka izinkomba esemqoka emsebenzini bese beveza ikhambi elilungile.

Iphutha ejwayelekile - iqhinga esekelwe subjective conjecture nokuphathwa ezizathwini. Ngaphandle kokwazi nomnyombo inkinga, singakwazi, kakhulu, iwukudambisa imiphumela yayo, bese okwesikhashana. Yimaphi amathuluzi angasetshenziswa salokhu?

Indlela "5 Kungani"

Lwakhiwe emuva 40s, kodwa kwaduma engu-30 kamuva, lapho eqala ngenkuthalo ukusebenzisa inkampani Toyota. Kanjani ukufeza azihlole?

Okokuqala udinga ukuchaza futhi ukuthi ifuna ukuganga. Khona-ke buza: "Kungani lokhu kwakwenzeka?" bese ubhala phansi zonke izizathu. Khona-ke kudingeka enze okufanayo impendulo ngayinye. Sibe sesiya e-kanye imizila efanayo umbuzo "Kungani?" hhayi izikhathi 5 azosethwa. Njengomthetho, impendulo yesihlanu isizathu sangempela.

Ishikawa idayagramu

Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba imidwebo ukumela ubudlelwano esiyimbangela imihlola kunoma yiliphi ibhizinisi. Iqanjwe kumdlali, usokhemisi Kaoru Ishikawa, futhi sisetshenziswa kabanzi ekuphathweni.

Ekwakheni umdwebo ukuhlukanisa 5 imithombo engaba zezinkinga: abantu, izinto, indawo (imvelo), imishini nezindlela. Ngamunye wabo, esikhundleni salokho, ingaqukatha izizathu ezinemininingwane eminingi. Ngokwesibonelo, izisebenzi yomsebenzi wethu incike ezingeni ziqu, ezempilo, izinkinga siqu nokunye. D.

Ukulandelana ngokwakha Ishikawa umdwebo:

1. Dweba umcibisholo ovundlile ngakwesokudla, futhi eduze ithiphu yayo bhala inkinga zavela ngokucacile.
2. Engela main isiqondiso isithombe 5 eziyinhloko ithonya, esixoxe kabanzi ngazo ngenhla.
3. Ngemicibisholo ezincane ukukhombisa izizathu enemininingwane. Engeza amagatsha angekho obala. Yenza lokhu uma nje hhayi akhishwe zonke izimbangela.

Ngemva kwalokho, bonke ongakhetha etholakala akhishwe e ikholomu, kusukela enengqondo ukuze ingane.

"Umcondvo"

Hlanganisa tinhloko nezingcweti nabasebenzi ukhiye, lapho umsebenzi iqembu ngalinye - ukuqamba izimbangela eziningi ezingaba khona futhi izixazululo inkinga, kuhlanganise kumnandi kakhulu.

Emva ukuhlaziywa theory kubalulekile ukuthola ubufakazi obuphathekayo obuqinisekisa ukuthi imbangela yenkinga kuchazwe kahle. Mthetho ngesisekelo ukuqagela ( "cishe ...") akunakwenzeka.

Ngokuqondene ukuhlela, kukhona imininingwane ebalulekile. Kubalulekile ukusetha zokukhokha, ukupenda ukulandelana ecacile yezenzo Imiphumela esilinganisekayo (kuhlanganise Lesisemkhatsini), lapho kumele ziholele bona.

Ingabe (Do)

Eyesibili isigaba PDCA-umjikelezo - the kohlelo, ukuqaliswa izinguquko. Ngokuvamile kangcono kuqala nokuqalisa izinqumo ezenziwa ngezinga elincane, ukubamba "ukuhlolwa ensimini" futhi ubone ukuthi isebenza kanjani endaweni encane noma into. Uma kukhona zokukhokha ezingabanjwanga, ukubambezeleka, kubalulekile ukuqonda isizathu (ukuhlela akunangqondo noma kwesiyalo phezu ingxenye abasebenzi). Ngaphezu kwalokho, wethula uhlelo lokulawula Lesisemkhatsini, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba nje silinde imiphumela, futhi ugcine ithrekhi okuye kwenziwa.

Hlola (Hlola)

Ngamagama alula, manje abona kudingekile ukuba akunike impendulo eyodwa umbuzo owodwa: "Yini esiyifundile?". PDCA-umjikelezo kuhilela kuhlola lokuchubekako of the impumelelo. Kuyadingeka ukuba intuthuko maqondana imigomo, uthole ukuthi ikuphi kahle kanye nekutsi yini lokumele zingathuthukiswa. Ikakhulu ke eyenziwa imibiko ukuhlolwa kanye namanye amaphepha emvume ibhizinisi.

Ngoba ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwezinhlelo zokuxhasa umjikelezo Shewhart-Deming (PDCA) ebhizinisini kufanele isungulwe ukunikeza umbiko weragelo futhi nixoxe imiphumela nabasebenzi. Ithuluzi ekahle lokhu ukwethulwa ukhiye zemisebenzi KPI kahle, elakhiwa ngesisekelo yamaholo nokuthuthukiswa kwabasebenzi ezikhiqiza kakhulu.

Thatha Isinyathelo

Isinyathelo sokugcina - kuba, eqinisweni, isenzo. Kungaba khona ongakhetha eziningana:

• nokuqalisa ushintsho;
• ukulahla isixazululo uma wazibonakalisa ukuthi ayisizi;
• ukuphinda zonke izinyathelo PDCA-umjikelezo futhi, kodwa ukwenza izinguquko ezithile kule nqubo.

Uma into isebenza kahle futhi kungaba liphindwe, ikhambi kufanele kube okwakha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, wenze ushintsho olufanele imibhalo yenkampani: .. iziqondiso Umsebenzi, imiyalelo, usebenza ukuhlolwa izinhlu zokubheka okukhona nokungekho, izinhlelo zokuqeqesha umsebenzi, njll Ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele ahlaziye ukuthi kungenzeka ethula ngcono kwezinye izinhlelo zebhizinisi ezahlukene, okuyinto kungase kuqubuke izinkinga ezifanayo.

Uma Nokho, ithuthukiswe plan of action akuzange imiphumela elindelekile, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya izizathu ukwehluleka, bese ubuyela esigabeni sokuqala (Hlela) bese uyazama isu ezahlukene.