Inqubo Business - Iyini? Design, ukumbumbuluzwa, nokwenza izinqubo zebhizinisi

izindlela zesimanje ukuphathwa inkampani ngokwethukela ukuboleka amasu angaphandle kanye nobuchwepheshe. Futhi hhayi ngoba imfashini, kodwa ngoba elula futhi ephumelelayo. Enye yalezi zindlela iphula wonke umsebenzi ojwayelekile izingxenye aphansi bese likuchaza ngokuningiliziwe ngamunye wathola inqubo ibhizinisi. Kuthatha isikhathi esiningi, kodwa isikimu esephetha ivumela ukuthola futhi sibuthaka, ngakho yemfanelo ngokweqile ususuthi kanye nemisebenzi ngokucacile. Uma uchitha isikhathi angase anikeze abanye imisebenzi yalo phansi isitebhisi, ukukhulula ngokwakho isikhathi ukuhlela amasu.

Life ngokohlelo

Enye into ukuthi abasebenzi izinkampani ngokuvamile abaqondi ukuthi kusho ukuthini lokhu inqubo kanye iyakwamukela ukuzimisela ukuphathwa ukuhlonza izinqubo ukhiye ibhizinisi. Noma kunjalo, ngokuya siba ukuqonda yokwakheka nokulandelana incazelo imisebenzi aphansi unit ngayinye, ngisho abasebenzi. Okubi nakakhulu, uma isimo inkampani kukhona abasebenzi ofundelwa zebhizinisi yenkampani. Bona ngokungaphezi ngaloko ukubuza, kuphazamiseke ngenye ukugxambukela ukuqaliswa yemfanelo eqondile ukusebenza zonke izisebenzi. Yini okumelwe uyenze?

Asiqale ekude. Njalo ekuseni, ngaphambi kokuba iningi lethu umsebenzi - ukuza emsebenzini. Ukuze izixazululo yayo ngempumelelo kudingeka isikhathi baphaphame, uthole ndawonye futhi uthathe indawo ezokuthutha abanye (kungaba imoto siqu noma imoto ongaphansi komhlaba). Okulandelayo, ungakwazi ngobugebengu ingxenye ngayinye zingahlukaniswa ngalezindlela izinqubo ezincane: ukuze uvuke ngesikhathi, ungakwazi ukumisa i-alamu, bese ungacela umuntu akuvuse up, njll Kungakhathaliseki umphumela indlela isinqumo (Awakening ngesikhathi esifanele) kufinyelelwe ... Kodwa kuyanda, izimali ezikhokhiswayo indlela ukusebenza ezahlukene izindlela izixazululo futhi umphumela. Empeleni, safika yencazelo kuqala.

Ukuze lokho kungcono konke okudingayo

Ngakho, inqubo ibhizinisi - thize yezenzo elula ukuthi uguqule imithombo ibe ukuphela umkhiqizo ewusizo. Ngo Ngokwesibonelo yethu yokuphila, zikhona izinqubo ezintathu ezahlukene, ngamunye edinga ulwazi zawo zokufakwayo nangemva ezinye zokukhwabanisa kuholela elamukelekile. Iya inkampani. Kungakhathaliseki ibhizinisi lakho ngamunye inkampani umsebenzi kunqunywa ubuhlobo professional yabasebenzi: yokudlulisa ulwazi, incazelo isidingo somkhiqizo, ukuhlaziya ukukhiqizwa nezisetshenziswa, njll Futhi kubalulekile wazi ukuthi konke okungenhla inenani kuphela uma izimo ezintathu zifeziwe ..:

- Ulwazi inikezwe nentshisekelo umsebenzi wakhe;

- lokhu kwenziwa ngesikhathi esifanele;

- kwindlela inokwaziswa, ulula futhi kuqondile.

Ngamafuphi okungenhla, kungashiwo wagomela ukuthi inqubo ibhizinisi - iyona kolwazi, ephendula imibuzo emithathu: lokho, kuphi futhi nini. Kungenxa ukuthi umsebenzi okwenziwe ngokushelela futhi ngokuqhubekayo, kubalulekile ukucacisa izingxenye zalo. Kulokhu kuyoba khona ukuphindaphindeka imisebenzi, ukungabi umculi noma Ukuphumula.

Lapho ecacile inqubo ibhizinisi, umsebenzi ngamunye alibe lisaba esisemqoka. Khumbula ukuthi izikhathi eziningi kwadingeka alinde, lapho kuzoba khona esibhedlela (noma ukubuyela eholidini) ukuthi ozakwabo bafaka abantu; uma ungekho ocingweni nje akagcini ikhala, futhi wonke umuntu uzama ukuthola ukuthi nokuthi wenzani. Futhi uma ukusabela esicelweni isiqondiso futhi wenza incazelo sasivumela enemininingwane izinqubo zebhizinisi, ungakwazi bajabule futhi ezolile futhi uphumule, futhi ngezinye izikhathi nje kwasemini ...

Waphenduka wabheka la esisemthethweni izincazelo ulimi, sizokwenza baphikisa ngokuthi incazelo izinqubo zebhizinisi, inkampani kubeka le migomo:

• ukuqonda isakhiwo sombhalo kwenhlangano kanye ukucacisa Dynamics sokuthuthuka;
• kuhlonzwe izinselelo zamanje kanye namathuba sizozinqoba;
• ukusungula sobala kubo bonke abahlanganyeli (onjiniyela, abasebenzisi, amakhasimende, njll ...) emigomweni kohlelo;
• kwakha izimfuneko zohlelo lwe-software adingekayo.

Yiqiniso, ngokwalo, incazelo izinqubo zebhizinisi akusho lutho isithakazelo. Kodwa nakhu ngoba reengineering - umsebenzi oyinhloko. Kuphela ukuqonda isakhiwo lobuhlobo, futhi indlela ulwazi ageleza, sikwazi ukukhuluma rethinking umthwalo semantic kokubili ibhizinisi kanye nezigaba zawo ngamanye. Kodwa kabusha kumele kwenziwe ukuze kuzuzwe ezinye izinhloso: ukuthuthukisa izinga kwamakhasimende; ukunciphisa izindleko; ukuhlinzeka inkululeko enkudlwana ezinqumweni abadlali (ukuncishiswa ngokuya ukusebenza imisebenzi) nokunye. d.

ngezigaba elula

Ngokuvamile, isidingo ukuchaza ulwazi zebhizinisi livela amabhizinisi kanye nesakhiwo obusebenzayo-ngamakhasimende. Iqiniso ukuthi sihlose kanye nezinhloso ze- iminyango ehlukene kungase kungqubuzane nomunye. Lokhu kuyoholela hhayi kuphela ukuncipha inzuzo yenkampani, kodwa futhi ukuba ukulahlekelwa kwayo nokuncintisana.

Izinto zesimanje indlela ukuphathwa ngokuya inqubo ngokwemvelo. Wonke lo msebenzi kubhekwa njengendlela isethi ezithile izinqubo (ngamunye esakhiwa eyodwa noma imisebenzi eziningana aphansi). Ukuze bahlele futhi elifanele indlela yamukelwa izigaba izinqubo ezinjalo (ngezigaba senzeka maqondana umkhiqizo value-added):

• eziyisisekelo - yibo lapho inkampani uthola iholo: ukukhiqizwa, ukumaketha, ukuthengisela;
• isilawuli - yibo ukusetha emigomweni zeminyango kanye abadlali abathize;
• ukwesekwa - labo ezinikeza izinsiza zokukhiqiza, kodwa akusho eseceleni umkhiqizo wokugcina: nokulungiselela kanye ukukhetha abasebenzi, ukusekela ngokwezimali, Noma kunalokhu kuvikeleka kwezomthetho, njll ...

Ngaphandle kwalabo ukuzimela sekushiwo we isici womuntu futhi lithathelwe lula abasebenzi abasha, incazelo izinqubo zebhizinisi kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba balawule ngemphumelelo kunciphise nezindleko lenkampani.

izakhiwo

Manje kuba sobala ukuthi inkampani ukuphathwa akumelwe kuphela ukuhlonza nolwazi oluhlobene ageleza, kodwa kusobala ukuthi ukuchaza yonke imisebenzi. Njengoba vele sesiyazi ukuthi inqubo ibhizinisi - kuyingxenye yomsebenzi jikelele, wedlula kusuka komunye umuntu (ngaphakathi unit wakho obusebenzayo noma cha - akunandaba), bese uqhubeka yokuthi konke emhlabeni kungenziwa obumbene. A umsebenzi okhokhelwayo - nakakhulu.

Kungakhathaliseki kwenkululeko inqubo ibhizinisi ngamunye kungase kuchazwe izici ezifanayo.

- Ukusebenza - lena ekuqaleni nasekupheleni ukuhlinzwa nje okulula.

- Umnikazi - isisebenzi inkampani, abangagcini nje onemali afanele okusebenza nezingane eziku, kodwa futhi ihlele, ihlaziya, uphatha inqubo; futhi okubaluleke - ke unesibopho umphumela.

- Ngemvume - Imininingwane umyalezo owamukelwe kunoma yiluphi uhlobo bamukeleke ibhizinisi, ebheka isidingo ulwazi kanye okwaphawula ukuqala inqubo.

- Phuma - Ulwazi noma imizimba ingxenye umkhiqizo edliwe lwangaphandle ukuze iklayenti mculi.

- Umculi - ubhoko inkampani, wahlanganyela inqubo efanayo.

- Resources - yezinto ezibonakalayo noma izikhundla ulwazi umsebenzi okuyinto ayishintshi ngesikhatsi operation (futhi imane nje zidlulisela ukwaziswa okokufaka ku-product yakho yokugcina).

- Ukulawula ikhwalithi - umkhakha noma izinkomba yangaphakathi (esenziwe Management Inkampani) ukunquma ukuthi kusebenza umsebenzi.

Ukukhetha okuphoqelekile okwenziwa ezikhungweni izinqubo aphansi

Yiqiniso, akuzona zonke inkampani kumele kube nencazelo izinqubo zebhizinisi. Noma kunjalo, kukhona eziningi ukuthi ungenzi ngaphandle ukuthi eyisicefe. Yiziphi main:

• Umsebenzi we ibhizinisi ngemishini. Kulokhu, inqubo ibhizinisi umdwebo ihumusha nezidingo zamakhasimende ku kolimi olulula uMklami.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi yenkampani. Akukona nje kuphela sesimanje imishini kanye nobuchwepheshe ukusiza ukuthuthukisa umkhiqizo wokugcina; nokwenza izinqubo zebhizinisi inikeza ithuba ukuhlonza izimfanelo ezinhle nobuthakathaka babantu umsebenzi bese uthatha ezifanele control izixazululo.
• Certification inhlangano namazinga omhlaba (ISO). Wadala bonke abasebenzi of uhlelo lokulawula izinga okufanayo.

Indlela ukuhambisa incazelo ikhasimende

Modeling izinqubo zebhizinisi kudinga incazelo ngakunye. Indlela ukukwenza ngaphandle kobuhlungu lenhlangano? izindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko yokutholwa umkhuba emhlabeni: Umbhalo, imifanekiso kanye tabular.

incazelo yombhalo kuhilela konke intuthuko ngendlela yokulandelana elula futhi kuyaqondakala. Ifomu kanye nokuqukethwe kungaba mahhala (uma ungakabi athuthukiswe emazingeni amazwe noma umkhakha) kanye ezilungisiwe imibhalo. Ngokwesibonelo: Umnyango yokuthengisa okuhambisa ezimali amadokhumenti kwesikhathi eMnyangweni ukuhlela; abasebenzi umnyango ukuhlela ukuba baqhube umsebenzi kohlaziyo ukucacisa ukusatshalaliswa kanye namandla okubakhona isidingo sokulungisa esicini ekukhiqizeni; umphumela uMnyango ukuhlela idluliselwa ku Umnyango wezokumaketha, lapho ukuhlaziywa izimbangela ukukhula (falling) Sales and m. d.

Isikhombimsebenzisi inqubo ibhizinisi umdwebo ivumela ngeso lengqondo imiphumela yomsebenzi kohlaziyo. Asikho isidingo ukukhumbuza ukuthi okuqonda sibonwa ulwazi ngempumelelo. Ngakho-ke, zonke izinhlobo amashadi kanye imidvwebo lisenze sikwazi ukuqonda ngokushesha okwenzekayo futhi uthole ikhambi esifanele.

Ezimweni lapho umsebenzi oyinhloko ukuguqula imisebenzi - nokwenza izinqubo zebhizinisi, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ifomu tabular ukuchaza kubo. Nge-ke kulula ukuqonda ukulandelana izinyathelo nesiqondiso kolwazi. I plate hlobo luqukethe hhayi kuphela incazelo umsebenzi amayunithi njalo, kodwa futhi amagrafu kwemibhalo angenayo naphumayo, isihloko (kungenziwa esibekiwe njengoba wonke iyunithi, futhi bonke abasebenzi) nokunye. D.

Indlela ukuchaza inqubo ibhizinisi

Akwanele ukuba afeze ukuhlaziywa izinqubo zebhizinisi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kulesi simo ilungile, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi kalula incazelo. Ukuze uqale lamukele igama inqubo olulodwa. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuthi iqonde izici zayo, ukusebenza kanye logic esikuziphathimandla jikelele imisebenzi yokukhiqiza.

Khona-ke kufanele ucacise ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi okokufaka edingekayo ukuze abulawe efanele komsebenzi, kanye uhlu ukuhlinzekwa nsiza. Ukulandelana alotshiwe imisebenzi elula, lapho inqubo ngeke miss and ungakhohlwa lutho.

Modeling izinqubo zebhizinisi ngeke akwenze ngaphandle umnikazi inqubo yokuhlela kanye nokuqapha uhlelo lwayo ukuqaliswa. Kuze kube yimanje, kufanele kuphawulwe encazelweni imigomo ejwayelekile yomsebenzi ukusebenza uhlu imibhalo ukuthi ithunyelwa isixhumanisi esilandelayo. Uma lula incazelo kumele ibukeke lokhu: "... emva ukuhlaziya yokuthengisa esingashintshi kuze kufinyelelwe esikhathini uMnyango umsebenzi ukuhlela igcwalisa ifomu obekiwe (ithebula), okuyinto okuhambisa ukuba Umnyango wezokumaketha ..."

Isikimu lula incazelo izinqubo ukukhiqizwa

Ngo kwekuhlanganisa izincazelo avame abasebenzi ibhekene yokuthi abazi indlela ngamazwi ukuxhumana okuqukethwe umsebenzi wabo. Ukuze zebhizinisi uhlelo wawucacile futhi ehlelekile, ungakha imemo. Ukushintshwa kwalo kwabonisa indlela imibuzo ezidinga asinikeza impendulo ecacile futhi enemininingwane ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngakho, iziphi imibuzo?

• Yini? Lichaza ukuthi ngokuqondile ezenziwe kule kokuhlinzwa.
• Kungani? Okuhambisa operation target.
• Lapho? Ithola ubani angaqala ukubulawa.
• Ngubani? Libhekisela abaculi ethize.
• Kanjani? Libala izinsiza ezidingekayo.

Business Process Development kusikisela ukuthi ungasebenzisa zonke izindlela ukuchaza. Ngakho, uthola uhlelo enemininingwane iningi umsebenzi. samuntu Somfanekiso kuveze ubuhlobo amayunithi ukusebenza, futhi itafula umbhalo, futhi unike okuqukethwe operation ngamunye. Ngeshwa, ezishintshayo zebhizinisi akunakwenzeka ngaphandle lo msebenzi isikhathi esiningi ukuthethwa kwecala.

Indlela ukuqoqa ulwazi

Ngo umkhuba it is ngezindlela eziningi ukuthi ukuthola ulwazi oludingekayo ezaziwayo. Okokuqala sidinga ukuhlaziya imibhalo zokulawula elawula abasebenzi yenkampani. Khona-ke kufanele ukuqhuba izingxoxo siqu isephulamthetho ngamunye ngqo ukuze uchaze okuqukethwe umsebenzi wakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba uthuthukise futhi acacise nezindaba impikiswano, consultant, abahlaziyi kufanele asebenzise Ukuqapha ukuqaliswa kokusebenza izinqubo zebhizinisi.

Uma indlela olunzulu ukuze ukuxazulula inkinga, inqubo ibhizinisi ezishintshayo akubonakali umsebenzi oyisicefe ngakho futhi kuyize.

iqembu elisebenza

Kodwa nokho, uma umsebenzi oyinhloko inkampani - inqubo ibhizinisi ezishintshayo, kanye ukuheha Consulting zangaphandle ukuphathwa inkampani Akahlosile, ngempela uphakamisa lo mbuzo: "Kuphi ukuqala?" Isinyathelo sokuqala iqembu yokusebenza yabasebenzi yenkampani. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi amalungu eqembu zokusebenza babe kakhulu amakhono kohlaziyo futhi ikhono lokulalela. Eqinisweni, njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, iningi msebenzi ukuqhuba izingxoxo siqu ibhizinisi icubungula abadlali.

Okulandelayo, udinga ukwenza isithombe wangempela ekusebenzeni kwenqubo. Ngokuqondene sesimanje umsebenzi ibhizinisi futhi ulethe inzuzo ukukhuluma ukuhlelwa kabusha ephelele singase sivele nini. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba ulungise uhlelo nolwazi ukugeleza isiqondiso ekuqaleni nokwenza.

Kuyini encazelweni

Ukuze ugweme ukudideka kanye emagama encazelweni izinqubo zebhizinisi, ochwepheshe batusa ukusetshenziswa inqubo amabalazwe. Lokhu imibhalo zifane ezivumela ukuhlanganisa zonke izenzo kungakhathaliseki ihogela ithonya umculi kanye yinkimbinkimbi imisebenzi echazwe.

Noma yimuphi incazelo zingahlukaniswa zibe izingxenye ezilandelayo:

• inqubo ifomu lwahlangana (ngokuvamile etafuleni);
• inqubo ibhizinisi kumephu (kungenzeka ethulwa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo - incazelo yombhalo, isithombe noma ithebula);
• imizila (notshwala angenayo naphumayo kolwazi, izinsiza kanye nezezimali);
• matrices izinqubo ezahlukene zamabhizinisi (Ithebula ukuxhumana phakathi izinqubo ezahlukene eyenza ukwaba notshwala zamabanga aphansi naphezulu kanye nokusebenza);
• ukusebenza ngempambano (ngempambano inqubo ibhizinisi);
• incazelo semibhalo eningiliziwe;
• nokubhalisa (lokudala amadokhumenti eqinisekisa inqubo ukubulawa);
• ekukhombeni izinkomba inqubo ibhizinisi (search ukusebenza kanye nezinkomba, okuyinto zingalawulwa intuthuko hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi izinga);
• iziqondiso (ngamanye amagama, incazelo umsebenzi).

izinkomba

Njengoba iye ngokuphindaphindiwe sabonisa, iyiphi inqubo kumele okuthile kulinganiswa. Kuyinto kuqala ledzingekako zonke ukuhlola nekusebenta lonke ibhizinisi. Ngokuvamile, ochwepheshe batusa ukuvivinya izinqubo zebhizinisi izizathu ezine: isikhathi, izindleko, futhi kukuncane.

Kodwa inqubo ibhizinisi onobuhle kukhona ashukumisayo futhi zihlukahlukene. Ngakho ngokuvamile akwanele ukuhlola kuphela ijubane ukubulawa umsebenzi; kumelwe acabangele izimo zokusebenza, kanye nengqalasizinda ibhizinisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe zonke umkhakha ngeke kube khona kungekho abahlinzeki, ezezimali, Logistics nozakwethu. Lokhu kubuye izinkomba ezingalinganiseka.

Futhi-ke, kumelwe singakhohlwa mayelana abezindaba kanye isici womuntu. Kukhula izinga lokuqeqeshwa, isikhathi esingaphansi kuzothatha ukubuyekeza imiyalelo bese ufaka ulwazi.

At inhliziyo kakhulu izimiso kuphinyiswa kwemisindvo kanye nomklamo (SADT - Structured Analysis Design Technique) ukumodeliswa indlela manje kwaleso esibekiwe, esinguJesu kanye kwezinye izilimi algorithmic. Ungakhuluma mayelana nokuba khona kwamakamu core zebhizinisi ukuhlaziywa onobuhle eziningana:

- Business Process Modeling - eqinisweni, ukumodeliswa - wembula isici nemisebenzi yokusetshenziswa khona inkampani.

- Umsebenzi Flow Modeling - uchaza komsebenzi futhi kufana umdwebo flowchart.

- Data Flow Modeling - ngokungafani sangaphambilini, uchaza ukusakaza idatha (ulwazi); It yakhelwe ukukhiqiza ukulandelana imisebenzi.

Shewhart umjikelezo, Deming

izinqubo Major yebhizinisi (1c ikuvumela ukwehlukanisa kusuka ohlwini jikelele) Kunconywa ukuchaza umbhalo oseceleni ngokuthi "Imithetho umsebenzi zokukhiqiza." Konke zincane ngokwemvelo noma iqukathe inombolo encane imisebenzi elula, ngokuvamile ezichazwe izincazelo umsebenzi.

Ekubhaleni imithetho kumelwe acabangele izimo lomjikelezo ngcono okuqhubekayo lenkampani (imodeli Shewhart-Deming). Ukudla kwalo baphikisa ngokuthi nokwenza ngcono - inqubo engapheli. manje Okungukuthi ehlanganisa izinqumo ezinjalo zokuphatha ziye uphethe mjikelezo: ukuhlela, ukubulawa, ukulawula, ukulungiswa.

Ekubhaleni ukulawulwa kufanele bacabangele izimiso ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imodeli ukuhambisana Shewhart-Deming:

1. Ukubala of nesikhathi esibekiweko mayelana nokuthi isikhathi esilandelayo.
2. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Dynamics ngeziphambeko kanye nezincwadi yezimbangela kusolwa.
3. Ukunqunywa imisebenzi zokulungisa futhi sihlaziye ukusebenza kwabo.

Kutfutfukiswa imodeli kufanele kube ngokuhambisana nemithetho yebhizinisi. Njengoba olwamukelwa imithetho esivuna base normative-labameli boMbuso lapho le nkampani esebenza ngayo. Imodeli yesibili luyisisekelo mgomo yenkampani yenkampani.

Ukuqalisa ube nendlela yokuphatha amazinga, udinga ukuba banakekele ukuthuthukiswa futhi ukuvumelana izinqubo zebhizinisi. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko - akuyona njalo abasebenzi yenkampani uyaqonda ukubaluleka sesimanje uqalise. Ukuletha ukuba isisebenzi ngasinye ukubaluleka udale i-imodeli ngempumelelo izinqubo zebhizinisi - umsebenzi abaphathi abaphezulu.

Ngoba ezimisiwe kanye eziklanywe kahle uhlelo ngeke kuphela lula ukubanjwa manje uhambisane namazinga izinga international ISO 9001: 2008, kodwa futhi kakhulu ngcono wonke umsebenzi.

Zombili lezi izici eziholela inkampani ukwandisa ukuncintisana emakethe, okuyinto yena, kunomphumela ezuzisayo kokubili abatshali bezimali kanye amaklayenti.