I isakhiwo phezulu yomsebenzi: umqondo futhi injongo. project management

Project ngamunye unenjongo futhi izigaba kokusebenza. Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa the project kusho ngezinhloso kohlobo oluthile imisebenzi, namakhono. Kuleso naleso sigaba sidinga inqubo control. Lena eziyinkimbinkimbi, ubuciko zokudala nokudidiyelwa kwazo zonke izinsiza yingxenye yale project: i-okungabantu kanye nempahla.

imiqondo eyisisekelo

ukuphathwa Project - inqubo abanekhono angenamkhawulo. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, zonke izinhlobo izenzo kungenziwa kwakubikezelwe. Kuyo yonke umjikelezo wokuphila iphrojekthi ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuphatha yesimanje nobuchwepheshe. Umgomo: ukufeza imiphumela ethile, owawusekelwe Ukwakheka, ivolumu, izindleko, izinga kanye project isikhathi. Ekugcineni, bonke abathintekayo kumele yaneliswa umphumela.

Esokuqala futhi ithuluzi main - kwencazelo ububanzi phrojekthi. Kubalulekile umqondo njengomsebenzi Ukuwohloka Sakhiwo (WBS). Dala theory unembile, le dokhumenti ilula, kodwa umkhuba, njengoba umthetho, kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi sidinga izici ayo ethize futhi umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama.

ISR - inquma ngokuphelele okuqukethwe yephrojekthi kanye nemiphumela okugxile yayo. Ukuze uchaze izinhloso kanye nokwakheka izigaba ephelele amasu: Umsebenzi Ukuwohloka Sakhiwo (WBS), noma ngesiNgisi WBS. Ngisho lokhu nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-CPP, okusho ukuthi isakhiwo imisebenzi ukwahlukanisa. Kodwa esithi ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa WBS.

Ngenxa yalokho umsebenzi wokudala lonke iqembu okuzelwe nencwadi engokomthetho echaza okuqukethwe yephrojekthi kanye nezakhi zalo. Imisebenzi ezingekho ku HDI kungukuthi ezihlobene nomsebenzi. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we elakhiwa izingqimba eziningana, isici zazo ngamunye uhlukile futhi inekhodi ngokuvumelana nemithetho, ukuba ezichazwe SDR isichazamazwi.

Le nqubo ngawo kudala isakhiwo phezulu usebenzela impumelelo

Inani ISR begodu kukhula izinga inkinga nako kuyanda. Lona omunye ukhiye impumelelo. ICR isetshenziselwa:

• imininingwane yezinhloso iphrojekthi;
• ukuhlela Ubungozi, umthombo, uhlelo, izindleko kanye nekhwalithi;
• ukusatshalaliswa olunembile uhlaka olucacile futhi kwencazelo yemfanelo wabahlanganyeli;
• izinhlangano phakathi iphrojekthi abahlanganyeli ukuxhumana;
• kokwengamela ukuqaliswa kwemisebenzi kanye ukuguqulwa;
• ubika inhlangano;
• ukudala isakhiwo project, okuthiwa yenhlangano.

Zonke izinto ukuthi abe isakhiwo phezulu yomsebenzi kwenziwe oluthile elula sokuqhafaza. Lokhu okuphakelayo ine inzuzo phezu ukuze lwemibhalo. Ngenxa umsebenzi ngokuhlanganyela ukudala IRS, zokuxhumana ezingeni liyenyuka, kuzuza engcono ukubonakala, ukuqapha nokulawula. Kufayilwe ulwazi sokuqhafaza ifomu zibukeke bamukele wonke scheme.

Amaphakheji futhi izichazamazwi

Esibalulekile, okuyinto has a isakhiwo phezulu yomsebenzi - leli phasela, kuhlanganise uhlu imisebenzi idingeke ukufeza umphumela umsebenzi. Ngenxa yalokhu, umsebenzi kwenziwa ngaphandle kwesidingo izengezo. Inikeza ithuba ubone ukuhlola enengqondo futhi imiphumela ezingalinganiseka. iphakheji njalo is ngempela efanelekayo ukudluliselwa inkontileka.

usizo ezingokoqobo ukuze kuqalise ukusebenza umsebenzi udlala isichazamazwi ekhethekile. Yena wenza sikwazi ukuhumusha zonke izinto kanye nemigomo, okuyinto has a isakhiwo phezulu yomsebenzi project, futhi umphathi - ukuchaza imingcele umthwalo leqembu ngalinye. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze sigweme ukuphindaphindeka kwemisebenzi.

Isichazamazwi kubonisa: enanini lama-elementi; amagama abo; isikhathi esabelwe ukuqaliswa imisebenzi ethile; inkambo izinto; Imiphumela kulindeleke nezibopho kulelo nalelo isayithi project.

izakhi

Sikhanyisiwe isakhiwo phezulu umsebenzi project lonke iqembu, usebenzisa indlela ukuhlanganiswa. Zonke izici iphrojekthi ahlukaniswe uchungechunge: Izinjongo, imiphumela, nenqubo, izimpumelelo, imikhiqizo, kwezindawo zokusebenza, amavolumu, Ukucaciswa. Imibandela ezidingekayo ukudala isakhiwo umsebenzi ukuwohloka, njengoba kulandela:

• elementi ngayinye kumele ibe washayelwa Imiphumela esilinganisekayo;
• Ngalinye yi-elementi ayemi ngaphezu - ingumkhiqizo yokubola izakhi;
• izikhwama kanye eminye imisebenzi kumele ahluke.

Ukuze inhlangano ukusebenza ngempumelelo, isakhiwo inani ukuba, kodwa hhayi ngokweqile.

Izakhi izingqimba engenhla liyadingeka okuhlangana ngayo yonke isakhiwo senhlangano. Imisuka ezingeni leliphasi akufanele kube oversized, kodwa okwanele ngayo ukufeza umsebenzi omkhulu kanye nokuqapha.

Ukuzobhidliza Imiphumela iphrojekthi izici, kukhona izindlela ezimbili eziyisisekelo: tekusebentisa zokudla. Ngesinye ezingeni, awukwazi sihlanganise nalezi zindlela. Nokho, ezahlukene - kuba ngisho kuwusizo kakhulu. Okubaluleke nakakhulu azihlanganise Umsebenzi wokuphatha neziqinile. indlela sokudla kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhasimende angabona lapho futhi yini imikhiqizo kuzothatha umphathi. Functional - ukuze uxhumane abadlali kanye umphathi wemfanelo ukuqokwa ezindaweni ngazinye umsebenzi.

izindlela

Uma inhlangano ye-project zizokwenzeka izigaba eziningana, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa indlela livela isakhiwo cubic yephrojekthi.

Phezulu Imiphumela ezingeni ngobugebengu phansi esekelwe izigaba umjikelezo wokuphila. Ngemva kwalokho, emaphethini wenziwa phezu imikhiqizo design. Ngesikhathi esigabeni sokugcina, umsebenzi amaphakheji kuyaqedwa by criteria ukusebenza, noma ngokuvumelana uhlobo umsebenzi.

Ukuphathwa komsebenzi okhishiwe, umsebenzi wokwakha ukuwohloka isakhiwo futhi lonke ulwazi ukhiye kudingeka le njongo, eyafakwa isimiso. Incazelo umsebenzi okunenjongo ukwenza kwasekuqaleni. Ngemva kwencazelo ungakheka ukuphathwa iyunithi. It is ngokuvamile bebodwa unit ezivamile ezifana "project management system". Ngaphezu kwalokho, ku-kwakhiwa ezingeni lokuqala sabaphathi is by amamojuli kanye nomklamo imibhalo into, wasungula.

Ngokuvamile iphrojekthi indlela akufanele ngokomsebenzi engiwenzayo, indiva IRS. le ndlela yokukhuluma ngesikhathi phambili engcono uquqaba amaphutha, ukulungiswa okuyinto uya inombolo enkulu izindleko ezingokwenyama nezezinto ezibonakalayo.

noqhekeko

Lokho umphumela etholwe efomini ekuqaleni wakhulelwa, nge okungenani izinsiza ziye wachitha kuyadingeka ukuze asondele ukugcwaliseka iphrojekthi okhokhelwayo. Yilokho yiyona isakhiwo phezulu yomsebenzi - ithuluzi eliphumelelayo abaphathi.

Noqhekeko athathwa kuze kube manje:

• ngeke bakwazi elivunyelwa ukuhlola isikhathi, izingozi kanye nezindleko;
• elementi ayisakwazi ngokunengqondo ngobugebengu.

Uma into kungenziwa ngokushesha impela (ezinsukwini ezingu-10), noqhekeko usuphothuliwe.

izigaba IRS

1. Imisa zinhloso nezinjongo okuhleliwe.
2. izinjongo Isiteji yokubola.
3. imisebenzi echaziwe.
4. Kuhleliwe okuqukethwe.
5. izinsiza echaziwe.
6. isabelo Isigaba kwezinsiza.
7. izindleko elilinganisiwe.
8. isabelomali elilinganisiwe.
9. Elilinganiswayo isikhathi futhi imiqulu.
10. Luhlelo.
11. Ipulani ukusebenzisa iphrojekthi.
12. Ubuhlobo echaziwe.
13. imibandela echazwe impumelelo.

usizo olukhulu ekulungiseleleni ukumodeliswa kwezomnotho kungaba. A eziklanywe kahle imodeli obusebenzayo kuzonciphisa imbudumbudu isikhathi imisebenzi futhi ucabangele eziseqhulwini ukusebenza ngokuningiliziwe.

indlela heuristic futhi indlela ezibucayi: inombolo ezanele izindlela, phakathi esiklanyelwe ukukhiqiza amasheduli eliphezulu umsebenzi project. Emashejuli advantageously ekhona ngesimo imidvwebo lokulawula amaphuzu (umcimbi zero obuphelele elihambisana okwamanje ukufinyelela umphumela nesenzakalo izinyathelo ezibalulekile iphrojekthi). Leli shadi libonisa izinsuku langempela futhi kuhlelwe.