Ukhonkolo esihle: Ukucaciswa, GOST

ukhonkolo lesidze kuyinto yokwakha izinjongo ezikhethekile. Isetshenziselwa ezimweni lapho ukusetshenziswa ezivamile ukhonkolo esindayo akunakwenzeka. Lokhu kumele kufake kokuvala, ugcwalise ukwakhiwa gustoarmirovannyh futhi ilungiselelo ungangenisi amanzi. Kodwa ngaphambi kokupheka ingxube kumele azijwayeze imininingwane yayo kanye izici.

izici lobuchwepheshe

Ezichazwe ngenhla sisetshenziselwa izinto eziphathekako kwesakhiwo, wadala okusekelwe usimende. Njengoba izithako eziyisisekelo isinyathelo raznofraktsionny isihlabathi namanzi. Lolu hlobo ukhonkolo ubizwa nangokuthi isihlabathi, umehluko oyinhloko itholakala lokuthi ukuthi ingxenyenamba izinhlayiya kwento Ukwakheka akufanele bube ngaphezu kuka-2.5 mm.

I kwabantu esindayo futhi extra ukhonkolo esindayo zingaba phakathi 2200 kuya 2500 kg / m³. Amazinga sokwelapha kungenzeka elilingana kumkhawulo +5 ukuze +30 ° C. Ikhono sikhuthazele ingcindezi inakekelwa at 25 MPA. amandla compressive kuyinto 18.5 MPA, ngokuphathelene ukubala yokumelana, ke okulingana 14.5 MPA.

Ukumelana Frost ingase yehluke kuye ngesistimu izithako esetshenziswa, kuyinto uhla imijikelezo 50 1000 ka ukuqanda incibilikiswa. ukhonkolo Omuhle unomlando izinga elithile ukumelana namanzi. Lokhu wepharamitha ebekwe incwadi «W» futhi kungase kungahambisani uhla kusuka 2 kuya ku-20.

Izici ezengeziwe

ukhonkolo Heavy futhi okuncane abe nekhono ukubamba umumo predetermined ngesikhathi esithile, it is ehlaselwe ratio usimende kanye isihlabathi kanye namanzi. Uma kuba Izingxube okunamafutha, zingase washayelwa e isilinganiso 1 kuya 1 noma 1 1.5. Ngo izixazululo ezinjalo, okusanhlamvu ahlelwe ukuqhela nomunye.

Uma inani isibopho encishisiwe, kuzobangela a vodopotreblyaemosti ukwehla ehlanganisa nokuya nomaphi. Fine injongo ukhonkolo ezakhayo ingase ibhalwe ezicini ezilandelayo: 1: 3.5 no 1: 4. I ukhonkolo kuyoba viscous ngaphezulu, uma okuqukethwe isihlabathi izokwenyuka. Plasticity ngcono ne ukwengeza amanzi plasticizers. Uma inciphise usimende, kungaba imbangela yokuba bahlale ngokwahlukana.

serekhodi

Ukusebenzisa olinganise kahle kuhlangana ukhonkolo, uyobe ukuqinisekisa kwabantu okuvamile e-ukuhamba ukusebenza. Uma umsebenzi iye yenziwa kahle, ukhonkolo okuncane kuyodingeka kwabantu kuqhathaniswa eliphezulu, ukufana ezinhle, umswakama ukumelana ukuqina ukugoba Axial. I ukumelana frost-material luyanda, kuyilapho ingxenye efanele kuyinto ukuhamba evamile ukusabalalisa ingxube njengoba fast ngangokunokwenzeka. Phakathi izici ezinhle ezibonakalayo - aphansi, oluphazanyiswa ukungabi khona ekuhlanganisweni indawo. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuba athuthe. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukhonkolo inikeza ezihlukahlukene zokusisebenzisa.

Ububanzi bokusebenzisa

Ukhonkolo esihle esindayo futhi ingasetshenziswa ezindaweni lapho iminonjana indawo kusilela ekuhlanganisweni. Lapho ukuxuba isetshenziswa ivolumu anda usimende, kungase kuhambisane nobunzima lapho ukhetha isilinganiso izithako. Kodwa bokwenza kuthiwa inxeshezelwa ukonga ukuthuthwa itshe ochotshoziwe futhi amatshe.

Izimfanelo dwala kungenziwa ngcono ngoku usebenzisa plasticizer ukunciphisa izindleko zokugcina. I yamathebhu polymer kwenza simelane zawo ezibonakalayo ukuze asize endaweni enobudlova emanzini kanye frost. Concretes esindayo futhi emihle, matemu okuye kushiwo ngenhla asetshenziswa imiklamo Monolithic kwagcizelela futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi, isibonelo:

• ngodonga mncane-ngodonga;
• vaults futhi domes;
• enkulu ekwakhekeni epaki ukubaza;
• kumiswa iziteshi, amathangi kanye amapayipi;
• lapho esikhiqiza amatshe kuvuleke ,
• kuvuleke Slabs kanye curbs;
• enkulu ekwakhekeni ukunamathela zamapulangwe mbumbulu kanye cap;
• ekwakhiweni izakhiwo wokubacindezela;
• lapho ukwakha Uphahla lwangaphakathi arched.

Ngo ukwakhiwa Ukwakheka ingaba evele ukuqondanisa. Uma usebenzisa ukhonkolo grade B25 ke kungaba yensimbi ukuphatse phansi, nokunamathelisa amalunga imifantu ezindongeni.

Izinzuzo main nemibi

ukhonkolo okuncane, ogama Ukwakheka is okukhulunywe ngaye esihlokweni, kunezinzuzo eziningi, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwabo:

• High amandla isilinganiso;
• kungenzeka ukwakha izinto nge anezakhi ezikhethekile;
• ukumelana vibration imithwalo;
• isakhiwo iyunifomu;
• kungenzeka wokuguqula ingxube.

Nokho, impahla has bokwenza zayo, bona aqukethe e isigqugquzeli usimende ukusetshenziswa, a ubulukhuni okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi ukuncipha imikhiqizo ekusakazeni. Uma kuziwa ubulukhuni, kungaba izinkinga nokwelashwa.

Ukwakheka kanye nesimo namazinga

Esikhathini ukukhiqizwa impahla echazwe esetshenziswa GOST, Concretes esindayo futhi emihle, Ukucaciswa zazo okukhulunywe ngaye esihlokweni ekhiqizwa usebenzisa izingxenye eziyisisekelo usimende namanzi. Kodwa ofakwe kungaba isihlabathi emfuleni futhi amatshe. Esimweni sokuqala, ingxenyenamba kumele singeqi ezingeni 2.5 mm. Owachobozile ukungezwa uma lingakanani kuyizinhlayiyana ingeqi 10 mm. Futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, isithako isakhiwo ingase iphakamise isidingo plasticizers. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba sifinyelele isakhiwo homogeneous.

Ukungeza usimende imali kunangendlela edingekayo, uzibeka engcupheni yokudala isixazululo ukuthi kuyoba bengakhululeki ezakhiweni zamatshe aqoshiwe. Uma ngabe le isithako yengezwe ngo lemali enganele ke ngemva elapha impahla uzoba namandla ongaphakeme. Ukhonkolo kanzima futhi okuncane (GOST 7473-2010) kungenziwa ezivezwa tide ongaphakeme. Lobu buchwepheshe iphathelene obumba imingcele, nemengamo, kanye kuvuleke Slabs. Endabeni izakhiwo mncane-ngodonga usebenzisa amasu aminyene abalwazi kahle ulimi. Lokhu ngokuvamile impahla yakha isisekelo evele endleleni, njengoba has high ukumelana namanzi kanye ukumelana ezibandayo.

Izici yamathebhu

izingxenye lesidze ukhonkolo Kufanele kukhethwe ikhumbula amazinga. Isixazululo kufanele ibe izingxenye ukuthi izindlela ezihlukene. Regulations zilawula ukusetshenziswa isihlabathi, ubukhulu uqhekeko. Okokuqala, isihlabathi is wahlunga esibukweni, okuyinto eceleni 2.5 mm. Lokhu kuvumela ingxenyenamba kuqala. Khona-ke kugridi isetshenziswa nge usayizi anezikhala of 1.2 mm.

Ngemva iseli kuyehla, kumelwe zivumelane usayizi 0,135 mm. Konke siyodlula inetha ngesikhathi sokugcina, izosetshenziswa njengoba yamathebhu. ukhonkolo okuncane kumele uzilungiselele usebenzisa iqembu lokuqala isihlabathi emqulwini ka-20 kuya ku-50% isisindo ingqikithi. Umqulu asalile kuyoba Ingxenyana encane yalawo ngomzuzwana.