Lokhu mushroom ubisi - kubukeka sengathi nalapho likhula

ERussia, inani elikhulayo isikhunta ehlukene. Kodwa ochwepheshe "ukuzingela sokuthula 'uqiniseka ukuthi inhlanhla ekhethekile uwela umuntu uya endaweni lapho amakhowe zikhule. Phela, ungakwazi ngokushesha ukugcwalisa ubhasikidi omkhulu amakhowe elimnandi. mushroom abanolwazi Kulula ukuhlukanisa ukhunta amhlophe, okuyinto has a pubescent isigqoko futhi mycelium aphuzi.

Kungani kangaka okuthiwa amakhowe

Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, kumelwe ukuthi liphume kanjani nokuthi lapho bekhula. Lezi amakhowe "baphile" imindeni emikhulu, edume okukhulunywe njengezinqwaba zezincithakalo noma izinqwaba. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kuyinto lesi sici of amakhowe ezidliwayo abangu ngakho okuthiwa.

Ngisho noma wena kahle, ezimila lezi amakhowe emangalisayo, kumelwe bafunde ukubheka. Basuke kahle ibonakale sengathi amahlamvu ungqimba izinaliti awile. Mushroom pickers uhambe ngoba ubisi amakhowe ekuseni - emihlanu amahora. Benesidingo zithathele induku ende, okuzoba ahlolisise yonke izigaxa osolisayo ngaphansi birches, noma eduze iziphunzi. Kuyinto nalezi izihlahla, lezi isikhunta uncamela sikhule Symbiosis, ukudala mycorrhiza.

Kukhona enye inguqulo yokuthi kungani lezi amakhowe ziye okuthiwa ngakho. Igama elithi "Lactarius" kwavela isiHebheru kusho "abanesimo inkatho". Nokho, kwaziwa kahle ukuthi inhloko yale uphondo ukhunta. Ngakho-ke, izazi ungathathi le nguqulo sina.

Bheka like amakhowe, zinhlobo

Amakhowe babe izinhlobo eziningana. Bonke sikhule amaqoqo. zezinhlobo Izigqoko omdala ngokuvamile afinyelele cm 30 ububanzi. Amakhowe, izithombe ongawabona kulesi sihloko, kukhona amakhowe ezidliwayo. Ziyakwazi efanelekayo salting futhi zokuyithambisa.

ophuzi agaric

Lokhu ukhunta lubonakale ezahlukene isigqoko ophuzi, ongafinyelela ububanzi 28 cm. Kodwa amakhophi kwande Ngokwesilinganiso, ubukhulu cap kusuka 6 kuya ku-10 cm. Ngezinye izikhathi, it is ezinemibala ngombala onsundu ngokuphaphathekile noma abe segolide, ngokuziphatha nginesikali ezincane. Hat amakhowe abasha ukuma kancane ayizindunduma ke kuyalungiswa noma iba ngilugweda. imiphetho yayo kuvame esakhiwe ngaphakathi. Kuyinto bushelelezi touch, isimo sezulu emanzi bangaba mucosa.

Umlenze ophuzi Gruzdev - 5-12 cm, has a isici imigodi ophuzi egqamile futhi anemifantu, okunamathelayo. Kuyinto ozwakala, kodwa uqine kakhulu. Lezi zingqimba evame e zezinhlobo abadala izindawo ensundu. Inyama yellow Gruzdev ezimhlophe, kodwa yena usike ngokushesha phuzi lapho zihlatshwa emoyeni. It has a ebuthakathaka, kodwa iphunga elimnandi kakhulu.

Yellow amakhowe afana agaric bahromisty, wamanje onsomi. Bahromisty agaric ezitholakala emahlathini lezihlahla. Akanalo nezakhamuzi emlenzeni. A engenakudliwa ngobubi bawo onsomi agaric ezahlukene latex onsomi.

amakhowe Yellow, ngesikhathi nibutha kubo - kusukela ekucaleni July kuya phakathi no-October, njalo kakhulu emazweni ezintaba zase-Eurasia isimo sezulu sifudumele.

Mushroom pickers bakholelwa ukuthi kuyinto esiphundu kakhulu uhlobo ubisi amakhowe. Ngaphambi ukusetshenziswa, basuke ofakwe futhi oyi-abilisiwe.

agaric ebabayo

Lolu hlobo mncane ophuzi ubisi amakhowe. ikhanda labo akuvamile idlula 10 cm. Njengomthetho, it is ezinemibala ngombala onsundu ngokuphaphathekile noma abe ngokubomvu, esime isikhencezo, yena elungisa nezikhathi, kukhona Bump encane phakathi nendawo. zezinhlobo Mature isigqoko ecindezelekile. Ukuze touch ke abushelelezi, has a pubescence ibuthaka, isimo sezulu ezimanzi enamathelayo. amakhowe Umunyu, izithombe zazo avame ukubonakala the izinhlelo esikhethekile amakhowe pickers abe umlenze-9 cm. Kuyinto mncane, ukuma cylindrical. umbala waso kufana isigqoko. Embozwe ukukhanya ukukhanya phansi, ngokuphawulekayo uqweqwe ngasesinqeni. Lezi zingqimba akuzona ububanzi futhi njalo.

Inyama yalezi isikhunta libhekene fragility, ukusika bukhipha i ubisi Milky emhlophe. It has cishe akukho iphunga. Wabiza mushroom kwaba ukunambitheka kwakhe ebabayo peppery.

Lezi amakhowe, incazelo zazo ufana engenakudliwa ngobubi bawo mlechnik isibindi, kuhluke ukuthi leli temu ijusi Milky ophuzi emoyeni.

Agaric ikhula obabayo engxenyeni yokuqala ka-July no-ekuqaleni kuka-October cishe kuwo wonke amazwe enyakatho eYurophu nase-Asia. It ukhetha nenhlabathi azibukhali kwamahlathi coniferous, kuyaqabukela okutholakala birch obukhulu.

Lezi isikhunta Site pickling, kodwa ngemva nokunwetshiwe (amahora 10-12) nge ushintsho yamanzi sifakwe emanzini. Kuyadingeka ukuba asuse intukuthelo. Ngaphansi kwethonya brine, lezi amakhowe ezidliwayo mnyama kakhulu.

Ngo Folk imithi, lezi amakhowe azisetshenziswa. Kodwa ososayensi bakwazi ukuhlukanisa wesimo esisodwa ethize kuvimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane Escherichia coli futhi utshani obomisiwe, Staphylococcus aureus.

Udinga ukwazi ukuthi lolu hlobo uyakwazi buthelela izicubu zabo izinto radioactive (nuclide cesium-137), lapho kuthiwa imali ezicutshini futhi isibindi womuntu, ngakho-ke lokhu ukhunta ukuqoqa ezindaweni amazinga aphakeme kwazo imisebe akuvunyelwe nakancane.

Lactifluus volemus

Olunye uhlobo ezidliwayo ubisi amakhowe. Lezi amakhowe abe ofeleba kahle esikhulu - ubukhulu yabo 18 amasentimitha matte, amaKhaladi ukukhanya amathoni nsundu, ingasaphathwa nge osawolintshi noma tint ebomvu .. Ngo abasha zezinhlobo isigqoko round, kodwa kancane kancane waqonda, bese ethola isimo ecindezelekile. Ukuze uyithinte, njengoba umthetho, bushelelezi futhi omile, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi embozwe inethiwekhi imifantu emincane, futhi sezulu ezimanzi, kuba no swidi lwamafinyila.

Red ansundu Lactarius umlenze has 3 kuya 12 cm ubude. Akuve eziqinile, has simise cylindrical, touch - Velvety. umbala waso ngokuvamile akuhlukile umbala cap. Kukhona amapuleti njalo futhi ayibanzi, okuyinto zipendwe ukukhanya luhlaza pink noma ophuzi, kodwa ngokuvamile ngokuphelele white. Lapho sicindezelwe izindawo ensundu avele phezu.

Lezi amakhowe babe inyama ethambile kakhulu, okungase ababethi umbala omhlophe noma ngokubomvu. On ulwanga lumnandi. Esinye isici isici - obusanda kusikwa mushroom iphunga of izinkalankala abilisiwe noma inhlanzi.

Lezi amakhowe abe double - mlechnik non-caustic. Indlela ukuhlukanisa amakhowe? Mlechnik ezincane kakhulu ngobukhulu, kanti nesikhumba isigqoko sakhe acishe never inqamuke.

amakhowe Red ansundu akhule kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-August kuya ngasekupheleni kuka Okthoba kuwo wonke amazwe aseYurophu. Bona ingatholakala ezihlukahlukene emahlathini. Zizwe kahle amasayithi olumanzi ukubopha. Lezi amakhowe simnandi kakhulu ethosiwe usawoti.

pepper agaric

Ukuze ukunambitheka acrid futhi okubabayo, yaleli ukhunta owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi. Bheka like amakhowe pepper? Banezinhliziyo cap olumhlophe oye kungekho esiqokiwe izindawo phezu, obukhulu futhi esinamanzi. Lezi zingqimba ibekwe kaningi impela. Basuke ababethi umbala ophuzi nomhlophe. Ngo abasha zezinhlobo inyama emhlophe, kamuva kuvela ophuzi, ku ikhefu - abe luhlaza elikhanyayo oluhlaza.

Pepper agaric ukubizwa ngokuthi izinhlobo eziningi ongaphakeme-grade. Nokho, lezi amakhowe ungakwazi ukwengeza usawoti uma ofakwe kahle noma abilisiwe. Bafana kakhulu lactifluus vellereus futhi Russula delica, kodwa kuhlukile ingxenye yokuqala plate, downy cap bushelelezi futhi uginindela ogqamile ku ikhefu, kanti eyesibili - latex.

White yangempela agaric

Ngakho sifika "Inkosi" kuzo zonke amakhowe ubisi. Kusukela ekuqaleni XIX leminyaka eRussia lokho ngokuthi ubisi mushroom pepper. Kodwa ngo-1942, isazi sesayensi esidumile, mycologist B. Vasil'kov wafakazela ukuthi samanje kumelwe zibhekwe njengezindawo okungamelwe uhlobo Lactarius resimus.

Lokhu agaric - mushroom ngempela usayizi umxhwele. isigqoko sakhe umbala omhlophe noma aphuzi ongafinyelela ububanzi 25 cm. I zezinhlobo abasebasha kuba flat, kodwa kancane kancane ozuza ukuma uphondo. On the kwangaphakathi ohlangothini imiphetho cap kukhona bent, abe abalulekile cishe njalo phansi.

Kulesi sihloko ungabona agaric yangempela. Bukisisa isithombe. On isigqoko sakhe njalo isitshalo doti ukuthi inamathela agaric kaningi kunezinye izinhlobo amakhowe.

Agaric okwamanje imele ngokuqinile lezinti zalo, obude ivela 3 kuya ku- 9 cm. Kungaba omhlophe noma aphuzi, njalo eziyize, cylindrical.

Inyama nomhlophe kanye juice Milky. Qaphela ukuthi uma nabo emoyeni kuba ezingcolile-yellow noma lemicu empunga elinamathela othini umbala. Lokhu Iphunga iyafana nephunga elimnandi izithelo fresh.

Njengomhlaba amakhowe kweqiniso:

• podgruzdok ezimhlophe esingenayo latex;
• skripnitsa okuyinto isigqoko pubescent ngaphezulu;
• Lactarius pubescens amakhowe amancane kakhulu;
• aspen agaric, atholakala ngaphansi e-aspen, lapho agaric yangempela esilokhu sikhula.

Lokhu ukhunta emangalisayo livela ekuqaleni Julayi futhi kungenzeka ukuqoqa kufika ku ekupheleni kuka-September eSiberia, iVolga esifundeni kanye Urals.

lapho likhula

Agaric Lena ezivame kakhulu kuleli zikaphayini-birch nesihlahla sonwele emahlathini eRussia emaphakathi, e-Trans-iBaikal esifundeni eNtshonalanga yeSiberia. Esikhathini Urals kanye iVolga esifundeni bebizwa eluhlaza ubisi amakhowe. Lokhu kungenxa mucosal ebusweni cap. ESiberia, babizwa ngokuthi pravskie amakhowe, okungukuthi yangempela.

ukudla

Lezi amakhowe kuvame anosawoti emva abilayo isikhathi eside. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba asuse intukuthelo. amakhowe Juicy futhi meaty ngemva zithulula brine ibe tint kancane bluish. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezingamashumi amane, zingabantu isilungele ukusetshenziswa.

Ngokwesiko eSiberia yangempela amakhowe anosawoti ubisi liqhakaze CAPS futhi volnushki. Balungiselela amakhekhe, ukunikela izivakashi a amakhowe cool horseradish, ibhotela. ENtshonalanga Yurophu, lezi amakhowe ezibhekwa engenakudliwa ngobubi bawo, kanti eRussia baye eside zachazwa ngokuthi "amakhosi amakhowe."

izakhiwo awusizo

Agaric okwamanje libhekisela-kilojoule amaningi umkhiqizo, ngakho-ke livame ukusetshenziswa indlela yokudla ehambisana nempilo, kuyasiza ukunciphisa isisindo. It sakhiwa amaminerali digestible namavithamini. okuqukethwe Okwakwaziswa ngokukhethekile kavithamini D. Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi elimhlophe agaric kuzole amazinga kashukela egazini, ngakho-ke kuwusizo kakhulu abantu abaphethwe isifo sikashukela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela yokwakheka lezi isikhunta kuhlanganisa izinto okuyinto ifa impahla elwa namagciwane, ngakho-ke kuyinto efiselekayo ukuzisebenzisa phakathi kubhubhane ezibangelwa amagciwane. Kugujwa umsebenzi wabo okhethekile ngokumelene izinti Koch. Lokhu kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwalezi amakhowe, noma ngaphezulu ngokunembile kukhishwe kuzo, womshini izidakamizwa ngokumelene sofuba.