Emizimbeni Water emhlabeni. Ukusetshenziswa imizimba amanzi

amanzi Yemvelo ekuqongeleleni phezu kobuso bomhlaba, kanye ungqimba engenhla ungqimba lomhlaba, esibizwa izidumbu amanzi. They possess umbuso kwamanzi futhi bahlanganyele umjikelezo wamanzi ngokwemvelo. Hydrosphere of iplanethi sakhiwa ikakhulukazi wabo.

amaqembu

Isakhiwo, izici kwamanzi nemibandela emvelweni imizimba amanzi zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu: amachibi, imisele yamanzi futhi izakhiwo amanzi uhlobo olukhethekile. Le misele yamanzi - ke emifuleni, emiseleni, nemifudlana, ie amanzi equkethwe kude komhlaba lapho ukuphokophela phambili, ekwehleni. Amadamu kukhona lapho umhlaba ebusweni kuyehla nokunyakaza amanzi njengoba kuqhathaniswa ne namadreni kancane. It bogs, amachibi, amadamu, amachibi, izilwandle, izilwandle.

Izici ezikhethekile amanzi - izinguzunga zeqhwa ezintabeni futhi ikhava, kanye zonke komhlaba (imicengezi Artesian, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba aquifers khathizwe). Ponds noma yamanzi lungaba olwesikhashana (ayasha) futhi unomphela. Iningi imizimba amanzi abe okulawulwa kwemithombo yamanzi - wukuthi ingxenye ukujiya zenhlabathi, amadwala nenhlabathi, besekela ziqukethe amanzi olwandle, ulwandle, ichibi noma emfuleni. Emngceleni ka nakangaka eduze imicengezi kunqunywa, okungaba i komhlaba noma ngaphezulu (orographic).

Inethiwekhi lokuhlola amanzi

Ukusakaza namachibi kule sesisonke, iziboshwa ngaphakathi noma yimuphi umngcele ikakhulukati, inethiwekhi lokuhlola amanzi. Nokho, iningi zamaqhwa lapha nazo azinakiwe kunakwe, futhi akulungile. Kufanele kubhekwe inethiwekhi lokuhlola amanzi kuyinto uhlu ngokuphelele egcwele imizimba amanzi lawo lasezingeni ebusweni endaweni.

Imifula, imifudlana, emiseleni, njengengxenye inethiwekhi lokuhlola amanzi, imisele yamanzi ie, emlanjeni ngokuthi inethiwekhi. Uma kukhona kuphela imifula emikhulu, okungukuthi emfuleni, le ngxenye inethiwekhi lokuhlola amanzi athiwe inethiwekhi emfuleni.

hydrosphere

Hydrosphere ezakhiwe onke amanzi zemvelo Zomhlaba. Kwalona umqondo noma imingcele yayo azikakabi echaziwe. Ngu isiko ehloselwe ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi amanzi igobolondo zomhlaba, esemgwaqweni ngaphakathi ungqimba lomhlaba, kufaka phakathi Uhlonze lwalo, emelela nesigcino ezilwandle nakuzo izilwandle, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye netintfo yamanzi ezweni imithombo: izinguzunga zeqhwa, ikhava iqhwa, amaxhaphozi, amachibi kanye nemifula . Akufakiwe nomqondo hydrosphere kuphela umswakama emkhathini futhi amanzi eziqukethwe eziphilayo.

Umqondo hydrosphere sitolikwa njengoba ngobubanzi nokuningi esinda. I last - lena lapho hydrosphere eside ehilela kuphela amanzi ebusweni, okuyinto zitholakala phakathi umkhathi lithosphere, futhi esimweni sokuqala sihlanganisa wonke amalungu kwegazi global: amanzi zemvelo le planethi, kuthi laba abangaphansi komhlaba, engxenyeni engenhla uqweqwe, futhi umswakama womoya, namanzi eziphilayo. Lena eduze welithi "geosphere", lapho kukhona impela kancane ukutadisha inkinga interpenetration ka Geospheres ezahlukene (emkhathini, lithosphere, hydrosphere) - uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli; umngcele, Vernadsky.

Imithombo yamanzi Zomhlaba

izinto ezweni Water aqukethe cishe abayizigidi ezingu-1388 amakhilomitha intilibathwa yamanzi, omningi, basakaza on the imizimba amanzi kuzo zonke izinhlobo. Oceans nezilwandle okuhlotshaniswa - lolu ingxenye eyinhloko amanzi okuqondene hydrosphere, amaphesenti 96,4 wezindleko. Ibe isilandelwa, izinguzunga zeqhwa snowfields: lapha amaphesenti 1,86 wemanti kule planethi. Ezinye izindaba zika-imizimba amanzi eseke 1,78%, okuyinto lenqwaba imifula, amachibi kanye emaxhaphozini.

Amanzi abalulekile kakhulu - fresh, kodwa emhlabeni impela kancane 36 769 000-cubic amakhilomitha, okungukuthi, amaphesenti 2,65 kuphela wonke amanzi kwamaplanethi. Futhi le ngxenye best, izinguzunga zeqhwa snowfields, equkethe amaphesenti angaphezu kwamashumi ayisikhombisa kuzo zonke amanzi ahlanzekile emhlabeni. Igcwele amachibi kukhona 91.000 cubic amakhilomitha yamanzi, amaphesenti ikota, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba fresh: 10 530 000-cubic amakhilomitha (28.6%), emifuleni kanye akhawunti amadamu ngoba kumakhulukhulu noma thousandths iphesenti. Ngo emaxhaphozini amanzi kancane, kodwa endaweni yabo emhlabeni omkhulu - abayizigidi ezingu 2682 amakhilomitha square, okuyinto engcono kakhulu kunaleyo eyenziwa amachibi amakhulu futhi amadamu ngaphezulu.

I kwamanzi umjikelezo

Kasibili zonke izinto nomunye izinsiza zasemanzini begazi exhunywe ngokungaqondile noma ngokuqondile, kwazise abazaba umjikelezo wamanzi emhlabeni (umjikelezo kwamanzi global). Isakhi esiyinhloko umjikelezo kuyinto ukugeleza komfula, tente kuchumana ezwekazini nemijikelezo wasolwandle. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke emfuleni amanzi emifula kuyinto emfuleni amakhulu kunawo wonke ezweni - Amazon, amanzi ukugeleza salo 18% ukugeleza yonke imifula emhlabeni, okungukuthi 7280 cubic amakhilomitha ngonyaka.

Ngezinye ingashintshiwe past engamashumi amane mahlanu isisindo yamanzi inombolo hydrosphere global kokuqukethwe ngabanye noma yini engathathwa amanzi ngokuvamile kuyahlukahluka ngoba amanzi isakazwe. Nge yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke futhi ukuncibilika anda isembozo, futhi intaba izinguzunga zeqhwa, amahlamvu Iqhwa, ngokuphawulekayo lenyuka izinga kwezilwandle. Izinguzunga Zeqhwa Zase-e Greenland, Antarctica, iziqhingi Arctic kancane encibilika kude. Amanzi - loyimvelo ukuthi uyakwazi kuvuselelwe ngoba njalo ukusuthiswa kwezulu, okuyinto ageleze ngosizo watersheds emachibini noma emifuleni, yakha zigcine komhlaba, okuyizinto imithombo eyinhloko ukuthi avumele ukusetshenziswa imizimba amanzi.

ukusetshenziswa

Amanzi efanayo isetshenziswa, ngokuvamile isikhathi esiningi kanye nabasebenzisi ehlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, okokuqala ehilelekile iyiphi inqubo, bese engena amanzi angcolile, bese amanzi efanayo usebenzisa ohlukile. Kodwa naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amanzi ungumthombo igcwalisa futhi asetshenziswe kabusha, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ingekho eziningi ezanele, kusukela lemali edingekayo yamanzi ahlanzekile emhlabeni akuyona.

Ukushoda kwamanzi Special kwenzeka, isibonelo, ngezikhathi zesomiso noma ezinye izenzakalo zemvelo. Lina incipha, futhi luwumthombo oyinhloko yokuvuselela lokhu semithombo yendalo. Futhi, amanzi angcolile esithweni engcolisa imizimba amanzi, ngenxa nokwakhiwa kwamadamu, dikes nezinye izakhiwo kwamanzi izinguquko umbuso futhi kufezwe izidingo zabantu njalo idlule kuvunyelwe fresh amanzi eyanele. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikelwa kwemithombo yamanzi kubaluleke kakhulu.

isici zomthetho

Umhlaba yamanzi, Yiqiniso, inqwaba yezinto zemvelo ewusizo ukubaluleka ebalulekile emvelweni kanye nezomnotho. Ngokungafani nanoma isiphi lamanzi esiphethu Kubaluleke impela ukuba ukuphila komuntu. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke ngokukhethekile kungumnikelo zomthetho mayelana impahla amanzi, ukusetshenziswa imizimba amanzi nezingxenye zazo, kanye nokusabalalisa nokuvikelwa. Ngakho-ke, "amanzi" futhi "amanzi" - kuyinto imiqondo ngokomthetho ezahlukene.

Amanzi akuyona ezingaphezu kuka enkompolo umoya-mpilo ne-hydrogen, ongagcini e uketshezi, gaseous, futhi okuqinile isimo. Amanzi - kuba ngokuphelele wonke amanzi kuyisici esihlupha bonke imizimba amanzi, okungukuthi, e esimweni sayo sendalo phezu komhlaba namaphakathi nezwe, futhi zonke izinhlobo zosizo ungqimba lomhlaba. imizimba amanzi ilawulwa komthetho we-civil. Kukhona umthetho amanzi ekhethekile, elawula ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, etholakala emvelweni futhi imizimba amanzi - ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi. It is aziqabukeli hhayi amanzi kuphela abathile emkhathini futhi kuwa in ifomu kwezulu, njengoba kuyingxenye ukwakheka inhlabathi.

ukuphepha

Ukuphepha imizimba amanzi ebusika kuqinisekisa kutfotjelwa imithetho efanele. Autumn qhwa eziguquguqukayo, inqobo nje uma beze frost esitebeleni. Kusihlwa futhi ebusuku ke ekwazi ukumelana umthwalo ezithile, nemini ngokushesha ukufuthelana ngu amanzi ncibilikisa ukuthi engena shí ice okwenza ukungena nakwamanye amazwe futhi ebuthaka, naphezu ukushuba. Phakathi nale nkathi, kuba imbangela lapho lilimele ngisho nalapho nokufa.

Ponds ukufriza phezu engalingani kakhulu, okokuqala ngasogwini, emanzini angajulile, khona-ke phakathi. Lakes, amachibi, lapho amanzi amile, futhi ikakhulukazi kwesigubhu akusho iyangena ukusakaza, ayinayo emlanjeni noma okhiye kwamanzi, iqhwa ngokushesha. Ukuze njalo zibambe kumiswa ice. ukujiya Kuphephile ongashadile - ngamasentimitha eziyisikhombisa kuya rink - hhayi amasentimitha ngaphansi kuka nambili, behamba Ukunqamula - ngamasentimitha ayishumi nanhlanu, imoto - hhayi ngaphansi kuka amathathu. Uma umuntu namanje zabhuntsha iqhwa ke ezingeni lokushisa 24 degrees Celsius, kungaba emanzini kuze kube amahora ayisishiyagalolunye ngaphandle umonakalo empilweni, kodwa iqhwa ngaleso lokushisa - siyindlala. Ngokuvamile kuba kusukela degrees amahlanu nanhlanu. Esimweni esinjalo, umuntu angaphila amahora amane. Uma izinga lokushisa kuze kube degrees ezintathu, abantu bayafa ngaphakathi imizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu.

imithetho yokuziphatha

1. Ngesikhathi ebumnyameni bosuku phezu eqhweni ayikwazi ukuhamba, kanye yenkungu iqhwa, inkungu, imvula.
2. Izinyawo ice ayikwazi ukushaya, kokuhlola ke ukuze sithole amandla. Uma acekelwa phansi kwakukhona kancane amanzi, kufanele ngokushesha ashona elandelayo eshibilikayo izinyathelo zakho, usabalalisa umthwalo phezu indawo enkulu (ububanzi izinyawo ehlombe ngaphandle).
3. Protoronnym ulandele emizileni.
4. Iqembu labantu kumele ibe isidleke, ngokugcina ibanga okungenani 5 amamitha.
5. Kufanele ube imitha-amabili intambo eqinile ne loop abayizithulu nomthwalo (umthwalo adingekayo ukuze aphonse ikhebula kuhlulekile futhi iluphu ukuze eshelela ngaphansi emakhwapheni).
6. Abazali akufanele bavumele izingane zishiywe emanzini: akukho okudoba noma esikhungweni salo mdlalo.
7. Amponjwana ukuze amadamu kungcono hhayi basondele, ngoba abantu abakulesi simo ukuphendula ingozi ingafaneleki.

Abadobi ku inothi

1. Kubalulekile ukwazi emanzini yakhelwe ukudoba: izindawo ezijulile futhi engajulile ukugcina yezokuphepha imizimba amanzi.
2. Ukuze ahlukanise phakathi izibonakaliso ice nomzimba omncane, ukwazi lapho machibi ayingozi, thatha izinyathelo zokuphepha.
3. Tfola indlela ogwini.
4. Qaphela phezu Uzalo phezu eqhweni: ngokuvamile hhayi uvalwe kakhulu exhunywe kwi-mpumalanga, kukhona imifantu futhi umoya ngaphansi eqhweni.
5. Awukwazi ukuya nezimagqabhagqabha amnyama ice elathinta elangeni.
6. Bagcine ibanga phakathi eqhweni ukufinyelela hhayi amamitha esingaphansi emihlanu.
7. Ubhaka noma ngenela ibhokisi izimpahla futhi kangcono ukudonsela entambeni ngamamitha amabili noma amathathu ngemuva.
8. Ukuhlola isinyathelo ngasinye sokugcwaliseka ukudoba kufanele kube Pick ice, okuyilona elidingekayo ukuze kuphenywe ice akuyona ngqo phambi kwakhe, kodwa kusukela ohlangothini.
9. Okunye Anglers ayikwazi asondele eduze kuka ngamamitha amathathu.
10. Akuvunyelwe kuyiwe ezindaweni lapho vmorzshie ice ulwelwe, noma snags.
11. Imithombo lapho bewela asikwazi ukwenziwa (ku emizileni), futhi sinqatshiwe ukudala izimbobo eziningana nxazonke.
12. Ngoba usindiso kuyadingeka ukuze abe intambo nge umthwalo, pole eside noma amabhodi ububanzi, into abukhali (isikebhe hook, ummese hook) ukuze bakwazi ukunamathela ice.

emizimbeni Amanzi angabamba kokubili nhle futhi enothisa ukuphila komuntu futhi bawususe - kumelwe gcinani lokhu engqondweni.