Douglas Engelbart - umsunguli igundane computer

Ingane ka ngekhulu xxi ngokuvamile Ufika esetshenziswa lokuxhaphaza igundane computer ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukukhuluma. Kodwa akuzona zonke omdala owazi igama umsunguli wale divayisi, okuyinto wadlala indima enkulu ekusungulweni ukuxhumana phakathi umuntu nekhompyutha.

Douglas Engelbart kwaba umbhali ezisunguliwe kanye nezinye samakhompyutha global -. GUI isihleli sombhalo, uxhumano, izingqungquthela inthanethi, njll Ngokumangalisayo, akazange abe usozigidi, kodwa wathola umsebenzi wakhe sibonga multi-abayizigidi ezingu-ibutho abasebenzisi yena.

indodana yomlimi kusukela Oregon

Wazalwa Ngo-January 30, 1925 at njengomkhaya epulazini lakubo kaCharles futhi Gladys Engelbart. Esikhathini lozalo lomkhaya ababevela Northern Europe - amaJalimane, baseNorway futhi abaseSweden. Mhlawumbe, kusukela okhokho Douglas aluthola Ukuthanda ukuhlolisisa ukunemba emsebenzini, yize njengoba ingane amakhono akhethekile wayengezwanga waphawula.

Noma kunjalo, wathola iziqu ngempumelelo esikoleni esiphakeme ngo-Portland, le Franklin futhi ngo-1942 saya ku-University of Oregon, behlose ukuthola okukhethekile unjiniyela kagesi. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, waphoqwa ukuba iqhaza seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili raged kude US imingcele. Douglas Carl Engelbart wabuthelwa njengoba uchwepheshe, umqhubi esisekelweni asolwandle ePhilippines umsakazo.

"Singasisebenzisa kanjani ukucabanga"

Kubalulekile Douglas ngajwayelana sihloko-indzaba we unjiniyela waseMelika kanye nososayensi, elinye lamaphayona ekuthuthukiseni lwamakhompyutha Analogue Veynivara Bush (1890-1974), unelungelo Njengoba Thina Ingase Icabange, eyanyatheliswa okokuqala ngo-July 1945. Omunye okuhlukile translation Russian isihloko salo msebenzi wemibono umsindo esankondlo - "Lapho nje siyakwazi ukucabanga."

Abaningi imibono equkethwe embhalweni Bush, kwabonakala abasha umsakazo opharetha, owayehlezi eqhugwaneni elincane phezu kwezingodo, elisoGwini encane esiqhingini sasePacific, nengxenye-abasangene. indima Kakhulu ingqondo yokufakelwa ukudala ikusasa Nolwazi Society, okukhulunywe ngaye esihlokweni, umlobi, Douglas Engelbart ezifanele kuphela nasesikhathini esikude esizayo. Kodwa nokutholakala enecala amandla livela amazwi Bush sika, bambamba, futhi kancane kancane kuchazwe nge obunokuthula ukuphila eziza.

Bachelor of kagesi

Ngemva kokubuya empini, usayitsheni abasha waqhubeka ukuthola imfundo yaseyunivesithi. Douglas Engelbart, sengiphothule impohlo ku okukhethekile "Electrical Engineering", kwaba unjiniyela NASA Ames Laboratory, lapho ayesebenza kusukela ngo-1948 kuya ku-1951. Lokhu laboratory encane kwaba kwandulela Ngokuzayo NASA Aerospace giant.

Phakathi nale minyaka emithathu, wayelazisa enenhloso yokukhukhula nikela umsebenzi wakhe ukuthuthukiswa engaba lwamakhompyutha, ukuxazulula izinkinga Imininingwane inhlangano isikhala, azifunda Bush Veynivara. Wakhumbula indlela phakathi nempi wabukela isibonisi bamatshe zasemoyeni ku radar display. Kamuva, waba nengxenye wobunjiniyela kuphrojekthi CALDIC (California alandelayo computer digital). Ukwandisa isivinini kanye nezimo of nokuxhumana opharetha namakhompyutha wathenga unjiniyela ezisencane iziqondiso kuqala umsebenzi.

ENyuvesi yase-Berkeley

umsebenzi Scientific okwabonakala kuye ezingaphezu kuka ihlangabezana nemigomo yakhe. Douglas wathola iziqu zeMasters (1952) bese udokotela (1955) e Ihluzo Elingafaki Ukuqoka bese ubamba yomnyango umsizi imisebenzi Uprofesa e-Berkeley University eCalifornia. Engelbart uthola cishe patent kweshumi ku-BI - plasma esitebeleni amadivayisi obuchwepheshe, lapho ebona izingxenye amakhompyutha esizayo.

Ifakiwe ezinhlwini umsebenzi okuqhubekayo nyuvesi ukwakha supercomputer entsha. Imibono ukuthi Douglas Engelbart wabelane ngayo nabaphathi kanye nozakwabo sekwaba olukhulu kakhulu ngisho "zasendle", futhi uphoqelekile ukubhekana nomsebenzi luyingxenye lobuchwepheshe kudivayisi entsha, kuyilapho emele isilo nge isinambuzane ukukhalipha, ukusuthisa lenqwaba Punch amakhadi.

I Stanford Research Institute

Befuna usekelo imibono yakhe, wayishiya phansi iyunivesithi. Ngo-1957, ngesikhathi Stanford Research Institute (SRI - Stanford Research Institute), etholakala edolobheni Menlo Park ogwini-San Francisco Bay, ihlelwe ngu iqembu yezesayensi yabantu 47, eholwa Engelbart Duglas kuba. Inventions abazenzayo eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, kukhona wamavukelambuso ngokwemvelo futhi zinquma ekusungulweni kobuchwepheshe bokuthuthukisa ikhompyutha.

lab ngezimali Engelbart sika owenziwa US wezempi umugqa Wezokuvikela Advanced zokuCwaninga Agency (DARPA). Le nhlangano kahulumeni iye yabonisa isithakazelo umbiko usosayensi othiwa amanyathelo Human Ingqondo: Uhlaka lomqondo - «Ukuqiniswa kokuhlakanipha kwabantu: uhlaka lomqondo". Yayiqukethe uhlelo ezithile zocwaningo ku ngcono ubuchwepheshe bama-computer.

Eyokuqala "igundane"

Yaqala esigabeni ukuyedlula yonke ekuphileni usosayensi. Kusukela imisebenzi on ukuthuthukisa izingxenye kazibuthe nekhompyutha miniaturization of Computing amadivayisi, i-laboratory sekuqalile i ucwaningo okukhulu kohlaka iphrojekthi NLS (on-line System), ehlongozwayo ngu Douglas. Lalihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa uhlelo olusha lokusebenza kanye ngokuphelele entsha uhlelo lokulawula idivayisi digital. Imiphumela wesiKhashana umsebenzi laboratory kwaba emisha wamavukelambuso: isibonisi qapha raster izithombe yakhelwe ngesisekelo salokhu, a isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza, uxhumano, amathuluzi ayinhlanganisela abasebenzisi abaningi.

Ngo-September 9, 1968, nge isethulo umphakathi amadivayisi amasha ngoba idatha input, okwakubekelwa olwenziwa Douglas Engelbart, Biography ikhompyutha kwashintsha kakhulu. Wethula «XY-ngesikhundla inkomba okwesikhathi zohlelo zokubonisa", wathola igama lolungakahleleki lososayensi igundane - «igundane». Le divayisi kwaba ibhokisi izinkuni ophucuziwe nge uyahoxa ke ngumuntu wire elincanyana, efakwe amasondo amabili metal. Ngesikhathi uhambisa ngokusebenzisa ebusweni itafula ematfuba obschityvanie abese ephinda ebasa amasondo ezithinta isikhundla isikhombisi esikrinini. Imininingwane Visual ukulawula singenelwe imodi online, wadala furor.

ukuqashelwa

Uma Douglas lwenzelwe yokucebisa wazi kanjani inzuzo ukuthengisa ngezenzo zabo, lapho ayeyoba lowo muntu kunabo bonke like-Bill Gates. Kodwa yena nomkhaya wakhe kwadingeka ukuba akhuthazelele izikhathi ezinzima, lapho iqembu behlukana abasebenza wezokuvikela imigqa. umnikelo Duglasa noKarla Engelbart sika ekusungulweni kwenkathi kukhompyutha iye ngempela baziswa kuphela ekuseni 90-yalolucwaningo ka XX leminyaka. Yena yanikezelwa imiklomelo eminingi, owawina honours eminingi ehlonishwayo futhi imiklomelo.

Waqhubeka emsebenzini kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-July 2, 2013, okuyinto kwalandelwa amazwi enduduzo eziningi loluhlelekile nalolungakahleleki ngobuqotho emndenini, owayevela emhlabeni wonke.