Kanjani igundane computer

Kwenye yezingxenye ebalulekile kunoma iyiphi ikhompyutha ohlelweni yesimanje - igundane computer. Lokhu "igundane" Sekuyisikhathi eside ingxenye amadeskithophu nje kuphela kodwa futhi laptops siqala ifomu ingasebenza modified.

Kubonakala sengathi igundane computer, wonke umuntu uyazi. Ngandlela-thile, kubukeka ngempela inkathazo owaziwa siqala nabanye ukubhuka. Kukholakala ukuthi izizukulwane ezizayo abasebenzisi lokhu inhlangano boni. Nakuba, uma kuphela ngoba ikhompyutha igundane yesimanje ngokuya wenziwa engenantambo, ophucwa "umsila".

Umgomo we operation zale divayisi ayamangalisa kakhulu elula: uma uhambe phezu kobuso izixhumanisi eyisihlobo adluliswa ikhompyutha, lapho isofthiwe ekhethekile iguqulwe ibe isikhombisi ukunyakaza ku pointer esibukweni. Kuyini ezithakazelisayo, kungenzeka kuphela umcibisholo evamile yesistimu yokusebenza, kodwa futhi umlingisi umdlalo computer. Ahambisana Naleli lula sobala efihla umsebenzi onjiniyela, electronics onjiniyela kanye computer. Kuye izici kwesakhiwo igundane computer angase abe ezahlukene irejista ukunyakaza. Asikhumbule uyini umehluko phakathi kwalezi amadivayisi ezibonakala ezifanayo.

Imodeli uqala ukuvela eminyakeni engu-50 edlule, kwakunoFakazi lokukhanda. Ngaphakathi idivayisi kuyinto omkhulu ibhola metal camera nge ungqimba injoloba. Uhlangothi ephansi, wafika nabo ebusweni elingaphandle, kanti lawa amanye amabili - ne ezinamasondo. Obekungabe ngenzé ezine, kodwa sekusele ezimbili kuphela kusetshenzwe. Lapho uhambisa isandla ephethe igundane ibhola kweqa imiqulu lidlule kuzo - inkinobho, bese yaguqulwa ukulandelana yezinzwa ukuthi ithunyelwa computer. ezinamasondo ezimbili kwanele ethola Ukudidiyela iphuzu indiza. I yokuntula lokhu isixazululo zihlanganisa nesidingo gqwa yokuhlanza ibhola Ukunamathela ukungcola (umoya izinwele ukunamathela uthuli) futhi esikhundleni izingxenye bakhathale.

Ngokushesha base sithathelwe indawo izixazululo optical-lokukhanda. Ngaphandle, abaprofethi bamanga konke kuhlale azizange zishintshe, kodwa ukushintshwa baye siqediwe, indawo isixazululo eziqine kakhudlwana - optocoupler. Ngoba "esibi" igama ukufihla LED ngempela ayinangozi futhi inzwa optical, bebonke okukhulunywe ambalwa njengoba opto. roller ngamunye lahlanganisa isondo perforated ahlelwe phakathi inzwa kanye diode. Lapho ligijima ukusakaza ugongolo kokuphazamiseka ezalotshwa yibo inzwa futhi adluliselwa computer. Ukwazi imvamisa shift "ifasitela / udonga", kwakunokwenzeka ukuba lunquma isivinini nendlela yekuhambisa sandla.

Ngo-1999, kwakunabamemezeli yasekuqaleni kwikhompyutha igundane, ngokuthi optical, lapho indlela mechanical ukuqoshwa ukunyakaza wakwazi ngokuphelele ukuyeka. LED kukhanyisa ebusweni ngaphansi igundane, kanye nekhamera bakudala nabanye imvamisa kwenza izithombe. Iyunithi processor izibambo kubo ngesisekelo imiphumela ephetha ngokuthi velocity isiqondiso ukufuduka. Singagcina ngokubu- uthumele uhlelo umshayeli idatha.

Ngokushesha base sithathelwe indawo laser ukuguqulwa. Processor uye bakhiqiza kangcono, ngokugxila ukunemba liye landa, "eziyinkinga" evele lapho inzwa akusebenzi, cishe gone. Umehluko omkhulu kusukela olunye uhlobo optical LED, okuyinto Likhipha ingabonakali, futhi infrared. By the way, eqolo ikhompyutha igundane - it is a laser. Nokho, izindleko zayo okusezingeni eliphezulu (ngaphezu kuka-24 dollar ayinkulungwane) kungenxa amatshe ngokuyinhloko obunamaparele, hhayi izici lobuchwepheshe.