Zokubasa Nuclear: izinhlobo nokucubungula

amandla enuzi yakhiwa inqwaba izinkampani ngetinhloso letehlukene. I impahla eluhlaza kule umkhakha ikhiqizwa ezimayini uranium. Ngemva ke silethwa ibhizinisi ukwenziwa nophethiloli.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, nophethiloli uyiswa enuzi izitshalo amandla, lapho engena core ophendulayo. Lapho fuel zenuzi zifezeke ihlandla lakhe, ke kucutshungulwe. Ukucubungula imfucuza ukuze akulahle. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imfucuza enobungozi akuyona kuphela ngemva reprocessing, kodwa futhi noma inini - ezimayini uranium ukuze ukusebenza kwe-ophendulayo.

fuel yenuzi

Okokhelekayo kuyinto zezinhlobo ezimbili. Eyokuqala - is uranium misela ezimayini, ngokulandelana, odabuka yemvelo. Iqukethe izinto zokusetshenziswa ukuthi bayakwazi ukwakha plutonium. Esesibili - fuel, okudaliwe eyayenziwe (zesibili).

Njengoba fuel zenuzi ehlukaniswa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali: metal, i-nitrous, Carbide, nitride futhi edidayo.

izimayini Uranium futhi ukukhiqizwa kukawoyela

Ingxenye enkulu ezimayini uranium ebangela amazwe ambalwa nje: Russia, France, e-Australia, e-USA, Canada, nase South Africa.

Uranium - liyisici esiyisisekelo uphethiloli e enuzi izitshalo amandla. Ukuze ngifike kuleyo ophendulayo, liqhubeke eziningana ukucutshungulwa izinyathelo. Ngo ezifakwa kakhulu uranium kukhona ezakhelene negolide nethusi, Nokho-ke Kwenziwa isizinda of amatshe ayigugu.

On ukuthuthukisa impilo zabantu usengozini enkulu ngoba uranium - anobuthi impahla, bese kuthi amagesi ukuthi kuphakama ngokuhamba ukukhiqizwa yayo, kubangele amafomu ezihlukahlukene zomdlavuza. Nakuba i-ore kakhulu iqukethe nengcosana kakhulu uranium - kusuka 0.1 kuya amaphesenti 1. Futhi zisengozini labantu abahlala eduze ezimayini uranium.

Bacebisa uranium - fuel esiyinhloko enuzi izitshalo amandla, kodwa ngemva kokusebenzisa kuba omningi kwemfucumfucu enemisebe yenuzi. Naphezu kwalezi zingozi yayo, i-uranium nokunonophala kuyinto inqubo ebalulekile kokudala fuel zenuzi.

Ngendlela engokwemvelo uranium cishe akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa kuphi. Ukuze usebenzise, kubalulekile ukuze ikhulise. igesi Centrifuges esetshenziselwa nokunonophala.

uranium lesimo isetshenziswa hhayi kuphela umkhakha yenuzi, kodwa futhi ekukhiqizeni izikhali.

zokuthutha

Kunoma yisiphi isigaba umjikelezo fuel is zithutha. It wenziwa nakanjani: emhlabeni, ulwandle kanye nomoya. Lokhu kuyingozi enkulu futhi ingozi esikhulu, hhayi nje imvelo kodwa ngisho nakubantu.

Phakathi ezokuthutha izakhi fuel wenuzi noma kwenzeka izingozi eziningi kungaholela ekukhishweni izakhi enemisebe. Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu nezizathu eziningi ezenza kube amandla enuzi kubhekwa ezingaphephile.

Incapacitate sikhungo

Akekho kulesi sikhungo akuyona adiliza. Ngisho elidumile eChernobyl amandla enuzi. Into wukuthi ngokuvumelana uchwepheshe ulinganisela intengo abalinganayo ukuliqaqa noma ngisho idlula intengo ukwakhiwa ophendulayo entsha. Kodwa ngokuqinisekile akukho muntu ongathi: indlela esiyidinga izimali: ukubaluleka ibalwa okwenzeka Ukudilizwa izitshalo ezincane ucwaningo. Ochwepheshe ukunikeza ezimbili okufanele akhethe kuzo:

1. Beka sikhungo futhi wachitha fuel zenuzi onalo.
2. Yakhela baphuma ukusebenza kwe-sarcophagus ophendulayo.

Eminyakeni eyishumi eyalandela, cishe ngo-350 sikhungo emhlabeni wonke aye aba nobuhlobo isisetshenziswa zabo, futhi zibhujiswe. Kodwa njengoba ukuphepha ezifanele kakhulu futhi indlela izindleko akuzange kusungulwe, kuba umbuzo namanje eyayixazululwa.

Manje kulesi sikhungo 436 ezisebenzayo emhlabeni wonke. Yiqiniso, lena umnikelo omkhulu kugridi, kodwa kungaphephile kakhulu. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi iminyaka 15-20 uzokwazi esikhundleni iziteshi amandla enuzi ukuthi ukusebenzisa ku umoya solar.

nuclear waste

Inani elikhulu of nuclear waste is eyenziwe umsebenzi zenuzi. Ukucubungula fuel enuzi kanye kushiya imfucuza enobungozi. Kulokhu, ayikho amazwe aye ayitholakalanga isixazululo.

Namuhla, nuclear waste eziqukethwe kusitoreji sesikhashana, e libe yichibi lamanzi noma kusezinzulwini ngaphansi komhlaba.

Ngendlela ephephile - lilondolozwe isitoreji izindawo ezikhethekile, kodwa kukhona futhi kungenzeka ukuvuza ngemisebe, kanye nangezinye izindlela.

Eqinisweni, nuclear waste kufanele linakho ukubaluleka okuthile, kodwa kudinga ukunamathela ngokuqinile imithetho isitoreji. Futhi le nkinga esiphuthumayo kakhulu.

Isici esibalulekile yisikhathi lapho imfucuza enobungozi. Ngamunye enemisebe izidakamizwa ukuphila zokuwohloka, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho kuba anobuthi.

Izinhlobo nuclear waste

Lapho nokuqhutshwa isikhungo esiphehla ugesi wenuzi imfucuza zalo zibe imvelo. Lokhu lwaluyophola amanzi kanye imfucuza igesi abaphehla ugesi.

nuclear waste uhlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu:

1. Izinga eliphansi - izingubo izikhulu NPP, imishini laboratory. imfucuza okunjalo kungavela nezikhungo zezokwelapha, laboratories zocwaningo. Abanaso ukumela ingozi enkulu, kodwa zidinga ukuhambisana izinyathelo zokuphepha.
2. ungqimba Intermediate - iziqukathi metal lapho uphethiloli is zithutha. Ukuthi ngokuvamile izinga lemisebe bona okusezingeni eliphezulu ngokwanele, futhi labo abasondelene, kumele bavikelwe kubo.
3. Izinga High - lokhu fuel zenuzi wachitha kanye nemikhiqizo yayo. Izinga radioactivity incipha ngokushesha. High-level imfucuza lincane kakhulu, mayelana 3 per cent, kodwa eziqukethe 95 amaphesenti angu-radioactivity Imininingwane.