Ukubolekisa osezingeni anti-aircraft ngezibhamu - ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe kanye nezithombe

Anti-aircraft machine gun - isikhali has a labadubuli isiyingi, engela enkulu kakhulu yokuba phansi, inikeza ithuba ukuba ngilwe nesikhulu izindiza isitha. izikhali Modern ukufakwa RF - yidivayisi okunokwethenjelwa ngokuphathelene nakho okuyinto ukuqhuba mpi asebenzayo isikhathi eside. Cabanga onobuhle ethandwa iningi anti-aircraft izibhamu.

Heavy machine gun DSK

Machine gun Degtyarev-Shpagin (DSK) iye kabanzi neminyaka yempi, lapho kwakudingeka hit okuhloswe kancane armored, izibhamu izidleke, anti-tank izibhamu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, anti-aircraft machine gun DSK ikufakazele uqobo kanye njengenhlangano fighter asebenzayo ngokumelene izindiza ongaphakeme-flying. Njengoba umklami ngokwakhe wathi, le ndlela edalwa njengendodana elihamba, kodwa ngenxa zokufezekiswa okusezingeni eliphezulu osezingeni sibalo, kwanqunywa ukuba kabusha futhi esikhundleni imininingwane eminingana. Ngenxa yalokho, etholwe oluthembekayo machine gun osezingeni, okuye igcinwe imigomo ejwayelekile design.

izici Technical we-ANC

Ngemva kokukhululwa kwe-ANC okuye nekuchazwa, ikakhulukazi izinga umlilo wavuswa, kwaba ephelele ukulethwa uhlelo cartridges. Kakade ngo-1939, anti-aircraft machine gun DSK wamukelwa iRed Army. The main izici lobuchwepheshe lokhu uhlobo isikhali yilezi:

1. izindlela okuzenzakalelayo okuyinto umsebenzi wenziwa ngezithukuthuku amandla powder amagesi.
2. Egumbini elinegesi nokulapho itholakala ngaphansi emgqonyeni we isibhamu umshini, umlamuli has, sibonga kotormu lithuthukise izindlela othomathikhi.
3. Umgqomo has emoyeni Ukupholisa ngomoya, futhi ubude lonke umgqomo izimbambo ngokufanele.
4. I design ohlakaniphile ikuvumela ukuba esikhundleni umgqomo evuthayo ngqo at the isikhundla labadubuli.
5. Zenith DShK has isiteshi lockable - asetshenziselwa ulwe yesivalo izitobhi.
6. Labadubuli Kwenziwa olusekelwe osezingeni 12.7 mm, izinhlamvu yakhiwa futhi nge inhlamvu udibi Ukubhoboza ka cartridges uyakwazi ukuthola incazelo ejulile yalawo zempi 16 mm obukhulu kanye cartridges Tracer amachashazi.
7. Okubonwayo zihlanganisa ensikeni Uhlaka emehlweni futhi phambi kwamehlo akho, okuyinto ogibele yokubeka abaphakeme esikhathini nomlomo emgqonyeni.

DShK isicelo ezahlukene jikelele, njengoba efakwe emshinini Kolesnikov isakhiwo. Ukulwa izimfanelo esindayo izibhamu ingasetshenziswa amagatsha ehlukahlukene yezempi.

Machine gun "Maxim"

Anti-aircraft machine gun "Maxim" - omunye ethandwa kakhulu umshini esindayo izibhamu eyayisezweni inkonzo namaqembu amaningana amabutho. Lokhu esinamandla uyakwazi ukushaya iqembu evulekile Okuqondiwe bukhoma futhi umlilo izikhali at ibanga 1000 amamitha, kubonisa kahle uqobo emlilweni okungazelelwe at ibanga 600 m. Eyokuqala machine gun "Maxim" wadalwa unjiniyela waseMelika ngo-1883, futhi amakhosi Russian phelelisa it, ekwenzeni ushintsho ezingaphezu kuka-200 esakhiweni. Lokhu kunomthelela ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza.

Ukubolekisa osezingeni anti-aircraft machine gun "Maxim" - isimiso ezizishintshayo nge operation ukufinyela. Lokho, ngemva shot umgqomo ziphonswe emuva powder amagesi, bese uvula mshini lingatshajwa: a igobolondo itheyiphu esuswa igobolondo, okuyinto engena breech ke likhala le yokucina. Ngemva kokudubula msebenzi okuphindaphindiwe. Izici ezikhethekile yalesi isikhali yilezi:

1. Izinga High lomlilo - 600 imizuliswano ngomzuzu ngesilinganiso esingamaphesenti 250-300 imizuliswano ngomzuzu.
2. Mshini inhlamvu ivumela umlilo okuzenzakalelayo, ifakwe fuse ukuthi zivikela labadubuli ngephutha.
3. Okubonwayo - umbono yokubeka kanye phambi kwamehlo kanye emehlweni optical kwamanye onobuhle.
4. I isibhamu umshini ibekwe emshinini isondo, lakhiwa Sokolov: Sibonga kuye, ihlinzeka sokudubula esigculisayo phansi amatshe, bese ukuhambisa isondo kwenza kube lula ukuhambisa isibhamu umshini kusimo labadubuli ngesandla.

Kanjani umshini isibhamu "Maxim"?

Anti-aircraft izibhamu "Maxim" umsebenzi ezahlukene ezinzile: basuke kabanzi elihamba ukwesekwa kunoma iyiphi sezwe, njengoba umlilo izikhali ukuyiveza kalula Umphikisi futhi sivula indlela yokuba abacibishelayo. Lapho imisebenzi okuhlaselayo we isibhamu umshini ngenkuthalo belwa elihamba lesitha, kanye okuholela kuhlaselwa izigaba sengozini ethangini - i imifantu ukuhlolwa noma yensimbi mbukwane. Phakathi kusengaphambili we isibhamu ke ihamba phambili, bese kuthatha isikhundla. Bona iyashiyana ngesikhathi izici zempi.

Machine gun Vladimirov (CPV)

Ukubolekisa osezingeni umshini anti-aircraft isibhamu Vladimirov eklanyelwe ukunqoba amathangi. Njengoba cartridges esetshenziswa osezingeni 14.5 mm, izikhali akwazi ukungena nemvunulo yempi kukanye nani 32 mm obukhulu. Le modeli, ngokungafani nezinye kumakhophi, ukusebenza ngesisekelo umgqomo ukufinyela iDemo unhlangothi. Izici esikhethekile kule yunithi zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:

1. I yesivalo sikhiywe Angling kanye nekulwa uhlobo izibungu namafutha umlandeli.
2. Umklamo inhlamvu indlela evumela umlilo okuzenzakalelayo kuphela.
3. Ukudubula kuyinto Ukuvutha eside noma esifushane.
4. Ukukala - mayelana 80 imizuliswano ngomzuzu. Kulokhu ngemva 150 isibhamu uma iqondiswa eside umlilo isibhamu emgqonyeni kumelwe ithathelwe.
5. Fuse uhlelo aqede kungenzeka isibhamu ngephutha.

Lezi izibhamu kabanzi sokuzingela, agqoke lathe isondo futhi kuhluke isisindo xaxa.

Quad ukufakwa isibhamu "M-4"

Quad anti-aircraft machine gun, "M-4" kungenziwa ogibele iyiphi imoto - kusukela imoto kanye platform ujantshi imikhumbi nezikebhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuba wakubeka phansi njengoba ukufakwa unomphela, uma kunesidingo, ukuvikelwa lezinto lilikhulu futhi ezibalulekile. Lokhu isibhamu siyafanelana bombardment zomhlabathi okuhloswe. Nokho, ngenxa yokuntuleka osezingeni - wayengumuntu 7,62 mm kuphela - amayunithi ahoxiswa kusukela izikhali.

Quad antiaircraft machine gun ukukhweza ZPU-4, kunalokho, iye kabanzi. Ngokuyinhloko ngoba osezingeni umshini antiaircraft isibhamu Tal-4 kwaba 12,7-20 mm. ukuhlelwa okunjalo kwenza ukuba alwe izindiza isitha endaweni engamamitha 1500 m futhi at ibanga ngamamitha 2,000. Ukuze umklamo walo sathathwa njengoba izibhamu isisekelo Vladimirov, owahlangabeza izidingo Tactical futhi lobuchwepheshe. Ukufakwa is njalo ngcono futhi wangena ebuthweni lezempi Russian ngo-1946.

Okwamanje, i-LSD-4 - elinamandla anti-aircraft machine gun ukukhweza, okubandakanya: 4 KPV 14.5mm machine gun, umshini nge iveni indlela, ukuthutha kanye mbukwane. Umshini ngokwalo liqukethe izingxenye ezimbili: ematfuba phezulu futhi isisekelo sokuthethelelwa liyaphambuka ingxenye. Izici esasenza isibhamu zihlanganisa:

1. Inkambo RV imoto uhlobo amathayi.
2. Ukutholakala ekhethekile ukushaqeka wezinciphisi, umsebenzi kabani main - ukudambisa izilungiselelo yenguquko ukusuka uvakasha ukulwa.
3. Inani ngesilinganiso umlilo - 2200 imizuliswano ngomzuzu.
4. Combat izinga 600 imizuliswano ngomzuzu.
5. Ammunition: cartridges 14.5 mm nge inhlamvu ezahlukene - udibi Ukubhoboza incendiary, Tracer, incendiary yesenzo osheshayo, sextant incendiary.
6. ijubane inhlamvu - m 300 / s.

Izici wokusebenza

Anti-aircraft izibhamu LSD-4 isikhathi eside lidlule nokuvivinywa okuhlukahlukene. Inkinga eyinhloko yomsebenzi wabo kwaba intuthuko kanyekanye Rolls emuva iziqu of izibhamu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi wangqongqoza kuhloswe. Futhi waphawula ukuthi ukufakwa kwezikhali - machine gun kuso CPV - akukho ubungqabavu ezahlukene. Kodwa LSD-4 okwandile wathola ezitimeleni ngokurhaba armored, eyayibonakala kabanzi ngesikhathi sempi Chechnya.

NSV-12.7 "Utes"

Heavy machine gun enegama ikhodi "IDwala" yasungulwa ngu iqembu abaklami. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa iwumgomo oyinhloko kwaba ukudala isikhali jikelele engasetshenziswa njengoba elihamba ukwesekwa izikhali efana izimoto armored nemikhumbi amancane njengoba anti-aircraft machine gun on izitshalo ezikhethekile. Ngenxa yalokho, imodeli uyaqhubeka elicwengisiswe, futhi kuphela ngo-1972 wafakwa inkonzo. Anti-aircraft machine gun "Utes" has izici ezilandelayo:

1. Inikwe amandla yi-ezishintshayo umusi, lapho igesi piston itholakala ngaphansi emgqonyeni.
2. Umgqomo has emoyeni indlu.
3. Ukudubula kungaba kwenziwe kuphela nge-yesivalo evulekile.
4. Machine gun isebenza ngesisekelo inhlamvu nokuphepha manual, okuyinto zitholakala noma emshinini noma isitshalo uqobo.
5. umshini Infantry okwengeziwe has a isitokwe alo, okuyinto ihlanganiswe ukufinyela entwasahlobo sesikhashana.
6. Calibre izinhlamvu, izikhali ezisetshenziswa idatha - 12.7 mm.

Lezi machine gun isikhathi eside zahlolwa, eyaqinisekisa ukuthi isikhali has a ukulwa okusezingeni eliphezulu nezici tekusebenta. Futhi ngisho noma bamukela bamukelwa ngokushesha, kodwa sibonga lezi amadivaysi ngokugcina ukulwa sekusebenza kangcono kakhulu.

Oluhambisana anti-aircraft ukufakwa izibhamu zu-2

Kufundza ngababili anti-aircraft izibhamu zu-2 - ukusetha ukuthi kungaba ngokuphawulekayo ngcono VOP regiments ezahlukene ngokuyinhloko ithangi futhi protivostrelkovyh. Zu-2 esiklanyelwe ngesisekelo izici zu-1 okuyinto kwenziwe ukulungiswa:

1. Upper imbeleko machine aguqulelwe nokubopha izibhamu ezimbili CPV 14.5 mm.
2. Imodeli isibe esihlalweni kwahambisana for the umdubuli kambayimbayi, owakhonza emehlweni.
3. luhlaka ezengeziwe kwesokudla, lapho igibele a izinhlamvu ibhokisi lesibili iye ukukhwezwa.
4. Wheel ukuhambisa insika lwakhiwe ngendlela entsha: manje baba neotemny. Ngenxa yalesi zobuchwepheshe ukusebenza isixazululo LSD-2 isibe elula kakhudlwana, ukufakwa entsha isibe livikela kakhulu ngokudubula ezimeni ezahlukahlukene.
5. Isetshenziselwa kokudubula cartridges 14,5 mm.

design ngobuhlakani anti-aircraft gun ukuthutha inikwe amandla ukunikeza labadubuli isiyingi, izibhamu angase eziphoqelelwe indiza mpo e anhlobonhlobo engeli. Through the ukufakwa anti-aircraft emehlweni ukulwa ukusebenza memory-2 iphezulu kakhulu. design okunjalo kwenza ukuqhubeka nempi ezimweni ezahlukene - efana ekulweni ne Aircraft, nokubhubhisa phansi amatshe.

I "Inqubekela" ngokuyinhloko ukuthuthukisa ukulwa ukusebenza memory-2 ukufakwa anti-aircraft wakhe emehlweni ARQ-2, akhiwa Abaklami zalesi sihlahla. Lokhu Inhloso kunalokho kuyinkimbinkimbi mechanical Computing okusezingeni eliphezulu amadivaysi ngokunembile ekilasini futhi inikeza kungenzeka liqhuba umlilo ngendlela efanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaklami alalelwa isikimu yokubukisa yalesi isikhali.

ZSU-1

Russian anti-aircraft ngezibhamu - ezihlukahlukene izikhali ezinamandla, okuyinto kakhulu kwaholela emiphumeleni emihle izimpi. ZSU-1 - i-sezintaba antiaircraft machine gun ukukhweza ngesisekelo okuyinto kwakunokwenzeka ukuqhuba ukulwa imisebenzi ku bekhwela izintaba futhi ezimangelengele. Lokhu isikhali kwaba ifakwe izibhamu entabeni futhi izigqulo regimental. Ekuklanyweni lolu hlobo isitshalo Abaklami alalelwa yokuthi ukuthuthwa kwakunokwenzeka hhayi kuphela ihhashi, kodwa futhi abantu iphakethe lakhe.

Khanyisa anti-aircraft isibhamu unina amkhulelwe ngendlela yokuthi kungaba ukubhekana ngokuphumelelayo nge zezindiza ezimweni ezinzima ukulwa. ZSU-1 kushintshiwe ngumuntu okufana tank isibhamu we CPV, batches Eyokuqala yalezi izibhamu zithunyelwa Vietnam. Izici esikhethekile ZSU-1 zihlanganisa:

1. isisindo Khanyisa - e kokudubula isikhundla, lokhu Rig has a isisindo 220 kg, ezingafani disassembly elula. Ukuyisa isibhamu endaweni endaweni, ngempela umzamo abantu 5.
2. Njengoba izikhali ezisetshenziswa Ushintshe isibhamu KPVT 14.5 mm.
3. Izungezisa indlela has ezimbili ovundlile isivinini nesiqondiso, okuyinto wenza sikwazi ukuba kalula futhi ngokunembile ukuletha izikhali ku-target zasemoyeni.
4. Wheel sekwenze kube lula ukuze bayise umshini ngisho sezwe nezimo ezinzima isimo sezwe.
5. Ukunqotshwa kwe-Okuqondiwe emoyeni kokuba at ibanga m 2,000 kanye ukuphakama 1500 m.

Guns Russia nase izwe; namaqiniso okuphila kwanamuhla

Omunye izikhali ezinamandla kakhulu isikhathi sethu - anti-aircraft machine gun. Izithombe onobuhle eziningi luye lwabonisa ukuthi le ndlela singamethemba nokuphepha wokusebenza, uyakwazi ukushaya umoya phansi amatshe. Isilinganiso osezingeni izinhlamvu, izibhamu Site, - 12.7 mm, oqinisekisa ukunqoba phansi okuhloswe nge eyanele zempi ukujiya esifundeni 800 m.

umshini Heavy ngezibhamu - lesi simiso isengezo isibane izinhlobo eziningi ukulwa. Abakwazi ukukhwezwa kunoma iyiphi imishini - kusuka izimoto empini armored izisebenzi zenethiwekhi, kanye baqinise njengesosha elihamba phansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhali ezincane nezikhali ikuvumela ukuba hit emoyeni futhi phansi amatshe, ngisho ezihambayo. Bayalithakasela Isasasa Esinalo izibhamu anti-aircraft ngenxa ngokuyinhloko ngetinhlobo letibanti labadubuli, okuyinto wenza sikwazi ukubhekana injongo sina.

Okwamanje, ezivame kakhulu kuleli zwe abhekwa izibhamu ezimbili - 12.7 mm DShKM kweSoviet futhi "Browning" yokukhiqiza American. Basuke izimpawu ukuhamba, naphezu isisindo eside kanye nosayizi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke amamodeli zihlukaniswe ejwayelekile noma ethile. imishini Field nesisindo okuyisilinganiso sabangu-140 kg. Kusukela enkulu-osezingeni izibhamu Russia yabakhanga Russian NSV 12.7 mm kanye Russian "Kord", okuyinto has a unique ukuhamba, isivinini, ikhono ukunqoba kuhambisane netinhloso.