Intsha engamahlongandlebe eRussia

Ezweni nesimo ubugebengu okusezingeni eliphezulu okusongela amanothi ubugebengu engamahlongandlebe. Emphakathini, kulesi simo ezimise izimo ukuzibandakanya kwabancane imisebenzi engekho emthethweni. Esimweni esinjalo, iziqondiso ezingokomthetho, kumele kunike uhulumeni ezanele ephendula okwenzekayo. Esesizokuhlola inkinga engamahlongandlebe.

we Criminal Code

Kukhokonke, uyonikezwa njengoba kubaluliwe ku Ikhodi, isijeziso isetshenziswa izingane kusukela eminyakeni 16. Nokho, Criminal Code iqukethe eziningi zoMthetho lapho okubhekene uneminyaka engu-14. Lezi zingozi zihlanganisa ama-athikili:

• 105 - "Ukubulala".
• 111 - "ngamabomu abangele umonakalo omkhulu wezempilo."
• 126 - "Ukuthumba".
• 112 - "ngamabomu okubangela ezithi ukubhema kulimaza impilo gravity naphakathi".
• 131 - "Ukudlwengula".
• 158 - "Ukuntshontsha" Izingane.
• 132 - "Ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili".
• 163 - "ngokufunjathiswa nokuphamba."
• 162 - "ukuphanga".
• 161 - "ukuphanga".
• 166 - "kokuquleka emthethweni imoto ngaphandle ngenhloso impango."
• 167 (ingxenye 2) - ". Umonakalo ngamabomu / nokucekelwa phansi kwempahla khona isihluku"
• 206 - "Hostage ethatha".
• 205 - "Ubuphekula".
• 213 (izigaba 2 no-3) - "Kwemikhuba isihluku".
• 214 - "phansi".
• 226 - "impango nokuhuheka / ukweba nezinhlamvu, izikhali, iziqhumane noma iziqhumane."
• 267 - 'Ukuletha izindlela engenamsebenzi yokuxhumana noma izindlela zokuhamba ".
• 229 - "impango nokuhuheka / ukweba izidakamizwa kwezidakamizwa noma izinto psychotropic."

imisho Izici

umthetho Juvenile libhekisela abantu ngubani, ngesikhathi icala eba neminyaka 14, kodwa abazange kodwa waphenduka 18. Akuwona wonke izinhlobo zesijeziso singasebenza nasekunakekelweni yalemitimba. Ikakhulukazi, ukuboshwa ayikwazi iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10, futhi emakamu okuqondisa - esingaphezu konyaka. Ukukhonza lomusho ngokuvamile eyenziwa emakoloni zemfundo sithuthukiswe noma Imodi evamile. Ngo asiqede, inkantolo uyakucabangela izimo zokuphila emincane, ukuthuthukiswa ikakhulukazi ngokwenqondo, degree of ithonya abadala. Ukwehluleka ukufinyelela yobudala ubhekwa esimweni ezidinga ngibonelele. izinhlawulo elandelayo zingasetshenziswa intsha ebhekana nazo:

1. Fine.
2. umsebenzi ophoqelekile noma zokulungisa.
3. Ukwenqatshelwa noma yimuphi umsebenzi.
4. Yokubopha.
5. Ukuboshwa ihlandla isilungisiwe. Uma isenzo gravity ezincane noma naphakathi okokuqala uzibophezele, inkantolo ingakhipha ukukhulula umsolwa emthwalweni kanye izinyathelo ayimpoqo zemfundo zingasetshenziswa ngokumelene naye.
6. Isexwayiso.
7. isibopho Constructive kute silungise umonakalo.
8. Dlulisela ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwabazali noma ukulawula ejensi ezikhethekile.
9. Ukubeka isikhathi sokungcebeleka, ukusungulwa imithetho ethize yokuziphatha.

Ukuze izingane singasetshenziswa izinyathelo eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa. Prevention liqukethe echaza ubuso umonakalo ukuthi aye wakubangela, kanye nemiphumela ukuthi wasuka izenzo zakhe. Kute silungise umonakalo mayelana nale ndaba zezinto ezibonakalayo, kuphela kokuba imali. Ukuze lo mthetho awasebenzi kuphela s / n, kodwa futhi umfundaze nezinye izinzuzo. Endabeni ukwehluleka ehlelekile kwabancane ebekiwe obusa izinyathelo zemfundo kukhanselwa, futhi izakhi icala yakhe emthumile ukuba inkantolo, elibhekene nomse- umbuzo ukumlethela sezomthetho ngaphansi Criminal Code.

Umthelela omdala

Kukhona abonobangela abahlukeneko engamahlongandlebe. Neze umuzi ongelutho phakathi kwabo kuyinto ithonya elibi abadala. Ekusebenteni, eziningi ezimweni lapho izingane ezihilelekile eziphambana nomthetho, kanye nezikhulu eziphezulu. Njengoba abangobhongoza ngokuvamile isinyathelo recidivists. Eqinisweni, ezandleni intsha bona ezenza amacala anzima. Ngokwenza kanjalo, ngokuvamile ukugwema umthwalo.

Uma ucabangela izimbangela intsha engamahlongandlebe, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi izingane eziningi abathambekele akagcwalisi kwezinkambiso elisungulwe umphakathi, bayahamba ukuhlangabezana omdala, esikhundleni ukuzilungiselela umvuzo ngesimo izinto, bona ngokwabo baye ezebiwe.

Kwezinye izimo, indima omdala kubonakala ngezenzo ezingavikelekile kuhlobane ngokuqondile ikhomishini yesenzo ethize emthethweni. Nokho, abadala nomthelela ongemuhle naleli bhungu, ukugqugquzela ukuziphatha okubi, ukuziphatha okubi. Ikakhulukazi, lokhu okuhlobana ngayo emkhakheni ukuthuthukiswa ngokobulili kwabancane. Ukubamba iqhaza abantu abadala e nokuvuthwa zocansi kudala evundile ku okuyinto ke cultured intsha engamahlongandlebe. Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi cishe oyedwa kwabathathu izingane eziye isenzo esingekho emthethweni, ekuseni aseqala ukuya ocansini. Abangaphezu kwesigamu kubo bahlanganyele alale nomuntu omdala abesifazane namantombazane.

izici ezingokwengqondo

Ukuxazulula inkinga yobugebengu juvenile ochwepheshe uqaphele ukuthi ngesikhathi kumiswa amafomu soguquko Lesisemkhatsini Ubumnene kukhona inconstancy ezithile kwetinhlavu izimpendulo inhibitory. Ngo izingane nge ezinzima kwezenzo ezihlukumezayo waphawula buthakathaka nokuqaphela ukubaluleka ezishukumisa ngamazwi. Lesi sigaba zamacala ukubizwa ngokuthi Ezingalapheki. Izingane, intsha engamahlongandlebe kuhlukile omdala ukuthi izingane izenzo ngaphandle ukucabanga ngemiphumela. Njengomthetho, basuke eliqhutshwa okuzumayo okusheshayo Ukudlula Luhambo entweni ethile. Yingakho izenzo kwecala ngokumelene umuntu obenziwa izingane, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ubuhlakani akhethekile ngokuqapha.

ifomu kwezenzo ezihlukumezayo anda emotionality excitation predominance phezu okusithiyayo. Lezi izindawo zithuthukiswa lapho okuhlangenwe nakho ngqo. Lokhu kuchaza yokuthi ingane kulula ukudlula abadala, amathuluzi uthando ngenhloso emthethweni ukusebenzisa ubudlova. Through the ukuhlaziywa engamahlongandlebe, odokotela bengqondo eziningi zisekela iziphetho zazo yokuthi ngqo isimiso sezinzwa kungathinta indlela ukubonakaliswa isenzo esithile. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ubudlova ukhonza njengelungu le nkulumo, hhayi okuqukethwe isenzo ukuziphatha emthethweni. Isibonelo esimangalisayo, ngokukhethekile, singasebenza njengesisekelo esiqinile sokufinyelela yokuphumula nobugebengu mbumbulu.

Umthelela ngokomzimba

intsha engamahlongandlebe ezimweni eziningi, kuba encike ngqo kwi imvelo nezingokomzwelo zokuthomba. Kulokhu, it is hhayi kuphela kubonakala ekusebenzeni kwezitho zangaphakathi kanye nokusebenza. Ngokucacile zokuthomba inquma isimo nokuziphatha emincane. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi lapho izenzo ucabangela aphula ama-ngokobulili sphere isisulu (ukudlwengula, njll). Ekuhloleni ohlangothini subjective secala zokuziphatha ngokungafanele, kubalulekile ukuba acabangele ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo kwemisipha, uhlelo lwamathambo kunemtselela ukuqwashisa abantu abasha kwamandla abo. izingane Abaningi banomuzwa nokuziqhenya esimweni sabo somzimba, abafuna ukubonisa amandla. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenza ukuba izenzo ezinodlame nangobudlova.

intsha engamahlongandlebe: Izibalo

Phakathi nenkathi eyisikhathi ukuphenywa kokuphulwa isimo ubugebengu abonisa ukwanda isibalo izenzo ezingekho emthethweni ezenziwa izingane. Ukwanda engamahlongandlebe ebonwe eminyakeni ye-USSR. Lokhu kuthambekela uyaqhubeka namuhla. Njengamanje, izibalo engamahlongandlebe eRussia kanje:

• 40% izingane yicala lokweba;
• 13% - yokuphanga;
• 14% - yokuphanga;
• 5% - babhekene necala lokubulala.

Ubude emakoloni zemfundo equkethwe ayizinkulungwane 12.7. Abantu. ERussia, kukhona 3 izikhungo for girls iminyaka 14-18 ubudala. Ngokuhambisana Ikhodi entsha Criminal emakoloni zemfundo ovunyelwe ukuthumela abangafika kwabangu-iminyaka engu-20. Bangaphezu kuka-70% iziboshwa ezigwetshwe ukudilikelwa sawo awanaso imfundo.

intsha engamahlongandlebe eRussia

Phakathi namashumi eminyaka edlule esidlule ziye zanda kunombolo amacala enziwe izingane. Kulesi engamahlongandlebe ubuhlongandlebe bukhula ngokushesha izikhathi 7 kuka ushintsho sebebonke kuleli qembu lobudala. Kwezinye izindawo izingane ukuchaza isimo nobugebengu jikelele. Ngakho, ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukiseni intsha futhi ubugebengu ezincane Murmansk futhi Sakhalin, eKemerovo, eKamchatka, Archangelsk izifunda. Lapho izingane enze njalo lwesithathu isenzo esingekho emthethweni.

amaqiniso abalulekile

Kuzo zonke neminyaka kulapho ubuhlongandlebe cwaningo juvenile WaseRussia kufakwe ohlwini uthi inkosi ezwe elaliyi-USSR, ayesesiphethe eliphakeme. Ngokwesilinganiso, yaphawula ukuthi njalo eminyakeni 5 ke kukhuphuke ngo 14-17%. Ukwenyuka kwezinga lobulelesi engamahlongandlebe kusukela ngo-1975 kwakulandelwa zincishiswe noma ukwanda kancane kakhulu inani eliphelele kulesi sigaba sabantu. Nokho, yaphawula eziya ziba zimbi ka isimo ubugebengu ngokuvamile kuleli zwe. Ubugebengu lumboza zonke izingxenye zomphakathi, kodwa eqenjini ingane Cishe njalo wayehlala obunamandla kakhulu.

Amathrendi Negative nazo ebonwe nalezo zikhathi lapho ngokwanele nokhahlo izinyathelo ingajezisa izingane ziye kwethulwa. Phakathi neminyaka engu-1973-1984 ukukhula ingane irekhodi lobulelesi ngaphambi ukwanda isibalo zobugebengu ezibikiwe kuleli qembu. Inani kwabancane isigwebo sasejele singakapheli isikhathi esibalulwe bekulokhu abalulekile. Ngo 1981-1985 GG. inombolo yonyaka isilinganiso yezinkolelo isibe okukhulu kunakho konke kwaba ngemva kwezikhathi zokulotshwa wamavukelambuso. isichibiyelo emikhulu imiphumela izibalo ungenza amarekhodi ukungaphumeleli. Ngenxa yokubhaliswa ukukhubazeka, ukuthola abampofu izenzo ezingekho emthethweni yizingane ukusebenza langempela izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-3-4 ngokusemthethweni kubonakala idatha.

nemibi uhlelo

Umkhuba ekulweni engamahlongandlebe ubugebengu akugcini ngokuletha umuzwa ukuhlanekezela owaziwa yesithombe ngenxa yokulimala yokubhaliswa izenzo, kodwa futhi ukuze inqubomgomo ayilungile nanganembile obugebengu nevuso amacala ngaphansi kophenyo, kanye ukubulawa kwabo isijeziso. IziNyathelo ngezenzo eyenziwa ehlukana ngokoqobo. . Lokhu kungenxa ukwenqena elizophenya ngokuvamile ukufaka bonke abahlanganyeli ubugebengu, zonke iziqephu, zokuxhumana, njll Ngo umkhuba, kuvela ukuthi ukweba uzibophezele ngaphandle abashushumbisi izinsolo Gunners, ukufunisela - ngaphandle ukuthenga abagqugquzeli abayimilutha umathanda, ngaphandle abakhiqizi kanye nabasabalalisi bawo nokunye. Zonke lezi zici banesibopho ukuhlanekezela isithombe ubugebengu. Ukwehlisa ubugebengu engamahlongandlebe ngaleyo ndlela kwenzeka eyayenziwe: kunciphisa inani eliphelele nezikhonzi isenzo bobudala obuhlukahlukene kuzo, nokunye.

izimfanelo

Ngu izici criminological ezinomthelela ekuthuthukisweni ubuhlongandlebe phakathi intsha esikhulakhulile zihlanganisa:

1. Ukwanda kwenani labantu eqenjini kwabancane.
2. Kabuthaka wokuthatha amagadango okuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukisa impahla inhlalakahle imindeni.
3. Ikhwalithi eliphansi lokuphila. Ikakhulukazi le kusebenza imindeni emikhulu kanye nabazali abangabodwa.
4. umsebenzi ngokweqile omama kufanele zisebenze Ukuhlakulela nokulondoloza indlela yokuphila, ukuze bakhulise izingane.
5. inombolo ezinganele izikole zemfundo kanye preschools.
6. inhlangano okubi kwezinsizakalo zomphakathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, intsha engamahlongandlebe kukhuphuke ngo-lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

1. izimo Kubi ezemfundo umndeni.
2. Ukuntuleka kokukhulumisana usizo kubazali ngothisha.
3. ukuqeqeshwa Kubi, umsebenzi ohamba phambili ezemfundo izikhungo.
4. umsebenzi Kubi wemisebenzi ukuqalana nemilandu juvenile-ejensi wokukatelela ngomthetho.

nomthelela omubi isimo futhi inikeza iwukugcina umthetho eziningi nezinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni, ogama imisebenzi kufanele okuhloswe ngayo ukugqugquzela zezingane izikhungo, izikole, imindeni, amaphoyisa, enkantolo, icala futhi bangaboshwa zokuvimbela engamahlongandlebe.

Izinyathelo ngcono isimo

Okwamanje, zokuvimbela engamahlongandlebe is run by KDN. Ikhomishini eklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ngqo nokuxhumana izingxenye ezahlukene ohlelweni komthetho. Nokho, umkhuba, sivame ukuba kahle KDN. Lesi simo ngenxa enkulu uma ziqhathaniswa ivolumu izindaba zokwahlulela. ukukhiqizwa Preparatory neluhlolo oqondile ngezinto zokwakha inikeza eyodwa, ngokuvamile ngeke zivimbele kusuka kwamanye imisebenzi, isisebenzi loMkhandlu Commission.

Ukuxazulula lesi simo sekudingeka ukuba kubunjwe umzimba olukhethekile abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe nomphakathi. imithwalo yabo kufanele kufake imisebenzi ukuze bondle imindeni yabo. Lezi zisebenzi kumele basebenzisane izingane ezikhulayo imikhaya inkinga, abafundi ezintandane. Kufanele futhi incazelo ecacile lomthetho ifomu imisebenzi enjalo. Namuhla lakhiwe futhi bakwenze iqoqo letengetiwe. Bonke bahlose:

1. Ukuze uthuthukise impilo ingane, isimo sabo sengqondo ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.
2. Kwabiwa wezomthetho emisebenzini yezwe, umphakathi nomndeni bekhulisa izingane njengoba sphere ekhethekile, befuna izinzuzo esiphezulu kanye nezinzuzo kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindawo kwengqalasizinda kanye ithele.
3. isinxephezelo esifike ngesikhathi futhi egcwele nokulahlekelwa intsha uyimbangela ekulahlekeni kuka-abazali noma kuphazamise nomkhaya.
4. Ukunqoba ngokungacabangi wombuso kanye isiphetho izingane, izihloko efile wahlanganyela imfundo yabantwana babo.
5. Ukudala izimo ukuze kulondolozwe, ngcono kanye nokuqaliswa yokudala kanye nomshikashika ezingaba zezingane.

izinyathelo eziqondile

Inqubomgomo Public inikeza:

1. Ekhuluma netincabhayi ezihlobene ekunqobeni kwezinso ngofuzo, wenzalo ukwehla kusukela izifundo abaphethwe yizidakamizwa nokuluthwa utshwala, ekuthuthukiseni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo ongaphilile. Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlaka, izilinganiso okuhloswe ngalo ukubhekana nomthelela omubi imindeni amakhemikhali ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, izidakamizwa, izinqubo zemvelo, ukwenziwa ngcono kwezidingo zabantu womama nokunye.
2. Kwabiwa Sinemibandela futhi kuqala izinto ezibonakalayo, ukondla umkhaya ngamunye akunakwenzeka, futhi ngempela kwaze kwaba sezingeni elidingekayo, kubhekelwa izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali akhawunti kanye nezinye izenzakalo kwezomnotho.
3. Ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano tinsita tekwesekela has abaqeqeshiwe kakhulu, base nezinto ezibonakalayo ezanele. Ukudalwa kwawo kufanele kuhambisane ukuncipha kanyekanye zeminyango, ikakhulukazi uMnyango Wezangaphakathi isakhiwo yakhelwe ukuzohlola imindeni ukulawula.
4. Kumiswa lobuchwepheshe, impahla kanye nezinye izimo ukuzibandakanya ehlelekile kwabancane a umsebenzi okusebenzayo futhi abaholelwa kahle.

isiphetho

Okwamanje, le nkinga engamahlongandlebe kuyingozi kakhulu. Ngokuvamile ezithathwe emphakathini futhi isimo izenzakalo alwanele kakhulu ukulungisa isimo. Noma kunjalo, isamba esikhulu emsebenzini isivele kwenziwe, futhi wanika eziningi imiphumela emihle. izinyathelo ezisebenzayo abayiswa ku ukushintsha okuphawulekayo endleleni nokuxhumana ingane ngaphansi zemfundo zabasebenzi amakoloni. Yiqiniso, ukuze kulungiswe isimo okusadingeka kwenziwe umsebenzi okukhulu. Kulesi nokubambisana kumele kwenziwe ngqo hhayi kuphela kwabancane ngokwabo, kodwa futhi abasebenzi iziphathimandla abanekhono, amalungu izinhlangano zemiphakathi. Ngokuvamile, ngemva ebuntwaneni akajabuli kakhulu, avelelwe, ukuthethwa kwecala lakhe ejele sokuqondisa izigwegwe iba yokuhlala embi kakhulu. On inkululeko yicala akekho onakayo. Esikhathini amakoloni othile okokuqala okufanayo, zinaka. Egqokile ukudla. Balala endlini efudumele. Futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi nakuba kungase kubonakale kuyinto encane, lokho kungukuphila ejwayelekile.