Iziqhumane: Kuyini lokhu?

Kulesi sihloko sizogxila yini iziqhumane, okuyiwona kubalulekile, njengalokho sasikhona, ezihlukahlukene futhi ububanzi.

Umlando omncane

Lapho neziqhumane yasungulwa, it is hhayi ngokunembile ezaziwayo, kukhona eziningi izinguqulo nekucabangela. Nokho, uyasinda wesandla wokuqala lapho kukhona Ukukhuluma lokhu kuqhume, sihlehlela emuva onyakeni 1044 BC Ekuqaleni, lo powder yayisetshenziswa njengesikhungo ukugcwaliswa ngoba iziqhumane nezinye amaqhinga ukuzijabulisa. Kodwa esikhathini esithile ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu XII, engatholakala ukusetshenziswa ngezibhamu, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana kuvele iziqhumane. Nokho, inceku yesimanje kuyaqabukela esetshenziswa neziqhumane, kwakufanele bonyana enze esikhundleni izinto ezinamandla kakhudlwana.

Ngokusho isichazamazwi, lesi sifunda yokudla, equkethe ikhemikhali obhubhisayo detonation izindlela. Ngenxa yezizathu kuyaqondakala, kuba zalutho. Kodwa kwenzekani, ukuthi udinga ini futhi indlela yokwenza ibhomu?

ibutho

Esikhathini indawo yokuqala VU idinga ibutho. amadivaysi ezinjengalezi ziyadingeka ngokuyinhloko ukubhubhisa isitha, amasu, izakhiwo kanye ukuketula.

Emabuthweni ahlomile njengendlela material base iziqhumane ezisetshenziswa TNT. izici zayo kwale nto: amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu, lula ukusetshenziswa futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuzinza. Ungabeka beat, ngisho aphonse ku umlilo, wamane zishiswa ngaphandle ingozi kwabanye. Wavele Kuqhuma kusukela detonation, ngaphezulu nje, ngomunye ukuqhuma encane. iziqhumane esekelwe ngokuvamile ifana block trinitrotoluene ne-fuse ifakiwe.

Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi ngesikhathi abashokobezi WWII Soviet ngubani uhlangabezane Ukushoda okukhulu kwabantu zethu ezingokwenyama kwezimayini ordnance unexploded eqoqwe elicibilikile TNT ukuthi ngu nombala futhi kancane kancane ukufudumala phezu okugeza amanzi aba ketshezi.

MOE

Omunye endaweni lapho ukusebenzisa iziqhumane iziqhumane - a MOE. Ngokuyinhloko, bafuna avuse izikhukhula zeqhwa ezintabeni ze (ukudambisa mass iqhwa kusengaphambili), eqothula imfucumfucu ngemva izinhlekelele zemvelo noma kulahlwe Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe ezitholakala emhlabathini. Zokuguga zokugcina kungaba qhumisa kwanoma iyiphi ukuchayeka, futhi lokho ngezinye izikhathi kudingekile ukuze awabhubhise kuyo leyo ndawo.

Kuvele iqiniso elithakazelisayo iwukuthi ngezinye izikhathi ngukukhanya uwoyela noma igesi kahle ensimini, nelangabi okugqugquzelwa ngokuqhubekayo "umthombo" kusuka emhlabathini, sinamandla kakhulu kangangokuba indlela wesiko wokukucima engenakwenzeka. Khona-ke eduze yalala ukuvunguza ibhomu sidilize umlilo. Futhi kanye "ithoshi" enjalo evutha iminyaka emithathu, futhi ayicime ayengakwenza kwamabhomu agqitshwayo yenuzi kuphela. Kwathi ngo-1963 e-Uzbekistan.

Ukwakhiwa kanye ukubhidliza izakhiwo

Ezinye esakhiweni esidala noma isakhiwo kungaphezu inzuzo, kusheshe futhi kube lula ukuba abhubhise ukuqhuma, kunokuba ukuchitha isikhathi phezu Ukudilizwa kancane kancane. Kulokhu, luyangenela waphinda wavele zamandla.

Futhi i-dynamite (alufakwa esekelwe nitroglycerine) lasetshenziswa ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX ekwakhiweni ojantshi, emiseleni. Bahamba bayocekela phansi amatshe amakhulu nezinye izithiyo. Okwamanje, le ndlela liyasetshenziswa.

IEDs

Isidingo thuluzi esikhashana kungase kudingeke ezimweni ezahlukene, ezifana empini. Noma kunjalo kuyinto kukhunjulwe kuwufanele: womshini yabo kuyinto yisigwebo umthetho. Uma wenze elula Firecracker ubhuqu wanquma kuqhunyiswa i-fun, uke uphule umthetho. I alufakwa kuphela angathengwa ngokomthetho - kuba Smoky kanye ongenantuthu powder, kodwa kuphela uma ilayisensi ukuzingela izikhali.

Uma inzuzo yabo uvinjelwe khona, kungani namanje ukusebenzisa amadivaysi ngokurhaba enkulu? Idivayisi okuvamise iba isikhali ukubulala amaphekula ehlukahlukene izigebengu. Into wukuthi Artisanal BY aqukethe ngokuyisisekelo nitrate evamile, elitholakala ngokukhululekile. Ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, imiyalelo eqondile kanye isilinganiso lapha ngeke enophephela. Futhi nitrate kuyinto eyisisekelo kanye neziqhumane zezimboni ngokuthi ammonal.

art

Akekho yesimanje Thriller ifilimu uhlobo namuhla, hhayi ngaphandle imoto emsukela, ukudubula nasemigwaqweni ukuqhuma. Ukwakha yamuva ayizona pyrotechnics ahlukahlukene, futhi oqukethe ababuthakathaka alufakwa. Ngemva "munition" enjalo, iziqhumane ilingisa ukuqhuma kuphela, awusebenzi ukulimaza abanye.