I-Church ye-Sepulcher Engcwele e-Jerusalem

I-Church of the Holy Sepulcher eJerusalema iyisisekelo sobuKristu bonke emhlabeni wethu. Le nkolo ihlanganisa ingxenye yesithathu yabantu bomhlaba. I-Church of the Holy Sepulcher itholakala ngqo lapho uKristu abethelwe esiphambanweni, wangcwatshwa, nalapho avuselwa khona.

Ukwakhiwa kwethempeli akulula, kulula ukuyiqonda uma kukhona uhlelo, ngoba kunenani izakhiwo ezingu-40 ensimini yalo. I-Church of the Holy Sepulcher iyintaba yaseGolgotha, lapho ukubethelwa kukaKristu kwenzeka khona , nomhume weSanta Sepulcher. Ngaphansi kukhona amaphezu angaphansi komhlaba, noma kunjalo, bambalwa abafanelekile abangadlula kuwo. Kuyinto ehlukile kakhulu ukuthi izingxenye ezihlukene zesonto zinezinkolo ezahlukene: ama-Orthodox, amaKatolika, amaCoptic, amaSiriya, amaTopiya nama-Armenia.

Umlando weThempeli

Umlando wethempeli uthakazelisa kakhulu - wabhujiswa izikhathi ezintathu futhi ubuyiselwe ngokuphelele. Isakhiwo, esibonakala ngamehlo abahambeli kulezi zinsuku, sabuyiselwa emva komlilo okwenzeka ngo-1808. Ngemva kwesikhashana, i-dome esemqoka yawa ngokuzumayo ethempelini. Ukubuyiselwa kwaleli dome kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaNicholas I. Izikhwama zokubuyiselwa zanikezwa emabhokisini aseRashiya naseFrance.

Ithempeli lokuqala, eliseceleni kweSepulcher Engcwele, lakhiwa ngesikhathi sikaConstantine Omkhulu, owahlela ukwakha amathempeli akhona emhlabeni wonke. Ngo-614, ukubhujiswa kokuqala kwethempeli kwenzeka - umsebenzi wasePheresiya inkosi Khosrai II. Ukubuyiselwa okwenziwa nguMphathribhi waseJerusalema Othobekile. Ukwakha kabusha kuphela kuphumelele kwezinye izingxenye zethempeli.

Ngo-1009, iSonto le-Holy Sepulcher labhujiswa okwesibili, ama-Arabhu ahlanganyela kulokhu. Ngalesi sikhathi ithempeli lakhiwa kabusha ngekhulu le-12. Umbusi waseByzantium Constantine Monomakh wakha isonto elisha phezu kweSepulcher engcwele, kodwa akazange aphumelele ekuphindeni ubuhle nokulungiswa kwesakhiwo sangaphambilini. Ngo-1130, ama-crusaders anqoba iJerusalema anquma ukwakha kabusha ithempeli ukuze abuyisele ubuhle bokuqala. Kodwa lesi sakhiwo sasibuthakathaka kakhulu, kwakungesikhashana.

Ukubhujiswa okulandelayo kwenzeka ngekhulu le-16, noma kunalokho, ukuhlakazeka kwayo. I-Church of the Holy Sepulcher yakhiwa kabusha nguMbusi uCharles V nendodana yakhe uFiliphu. Lesi sakhiwo saba khona ngo-1808, ngemva kwalokho kwakukhona umlilo.

Ithempeli Lemihla Yethu

Namuhla kunezinto ezintathu: okokuqala yithempeli eKalvari, okwesibili yi-chapel ye-Holy Sepulcher, okwesithathu yithempeli lovuko. Wonke umuntu ongena ethempelini laseJerusalema masinyane ubona "itshe lokugcoba", elibhekene nomnyango. Okulandelayo ngodonga olungenalutho lweChurch Church. Abaqondisi babiza lolu donga ithempeli langaphakathi eliphakathi kwesakhiwo esikhulu. Uma ujika ngakwesokudla, ungabona ukungena kweKalvari. Ngakwesokunxele kukhona i-rotunda yethempeli eliphakathi. Ezingxenyeni zalo eziphezulu i-dome eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Emkhatsini we-rotunda kukhona i-colonnade yamakholomu angu-18, futhi enkabeni yayo kukhona i-chapel yemabula, okuthiwa i-Kuvuklia. Yisikhungo sazo zonke izakhiwo, kwakukhona kule ndawo uKristu angcwatshwa khona. Wakhele leli khasi ngo-1810. Indawo yayo iyathakazelisa ngoba ihlanganisa umhume lapho kwakukhona ukuduma nomzimba kaKristu. Umhume uhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili - isonto lika-Angel nomhume we-Holy Sepulcher efanele. Emhumeni ngokwawo kukhona "ingonyama" ngesimo sombhede, lapho umzimba kaKristu walala khona.

Namuhla "ingonyama" i-altare lokugubha iLiturgy. Ubude bale "altare" buyizingalo ezimbili, ububanzi - 1.5 amamitha. I "lavitsa" ibhalwe nge-slabs yemabula emhlophe. Ukuqhuma eside kudlula kulo lonke, okwakungumsisekelo wezinganekwane eziningi. Umhume we-Holy Sepulcher ukhanyiswa izibani ezingu-43. Nsuku zonke, izintambo ezintathu zenziwa "ngonyamakazi" - i-Orthodox, i-Armenia neyaKatolika.

Ngokuqondile ethempelini ungathola eCalvary, ukunqoba izinyathelo ezingu-18. Ithempeli laseGolgotha liyindawo encane kakhulu, umthombo wokukhanya okuyiwona kuphela iwindi. Endaweni yokubulawa kwesiphambano manje isihlalo sobukhosi sokuthunyelwa komhlatshelo ongenasici.