Sezindela Armenia Surb Khach: incazelo, umlando kanye namaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Monuments of izakhiwo zesonto zase-Armenia, lapho lezindela Surb Khach (Old eCrimea), yayiphawuleka ngokuthambekela Ukwakheka ekhethekile kanye nesitayela eyingqayizivele. Buildings kwesikhathi lasendulo akuyona ukuthi kuzuzisa kakhulu kangakanani futhi ezithakazelisayo kuyoba ukuvakasha esigodlweni sezindela. Le nkinga yaqala ekhulwini le-14, futhi kubonisa izici eliqhakazile bendabuko izakhiwo Armenia.

umlando ukwakhiwa

Esikhathini 12-13 leminyaka, esinamandla isimo lasendulo Armenia ungaphakathi ukwehla ngenxa ukuhlaselwa njalo babhekwe njengabezinye izizwe, futhi lokhu kuholela labantu kufuduka ezinkulu kanye nokusabalalisa isiko Armenia kwezinye izindawo. Iqembu elikhulu Armenia Wathuthela eCrimea, lapho ngaleso sikhathi imithetho weRiphabhulikhi Genoa, okuyinto ingenye ohambweni yayo kubhekwe ukusabalala yamaKatolika. Armenia Christian dengwane e uphawu elithule ukumelana YaseCrimea, ngakho-ke kukhona nokwanda okuphawulekayo zezindela entsha Orthodox. Isigodlo Surb Khach eCrimea yasungulwa ngo 1358. WAKHE OMFUSHANE Wakhonza njengombonisi libe yisiphephelo futhi isikhungo ezingokomoya Armenia, abasuka ezweni lakubo. Abode lesikhumbuzo elikhulu kunawo wonke isiko Armenia eCrimea. Ngekhulu le-15, lapho abahlaseli Turkish phansi emazweni yale nhlonhlo, futhi Isigodlo liye lasinda, ngoba ngisho izitha bengavuswa isandla ukubhubhisa indawo yamandla enjalo. Emakhulwini eminyaka 17-18, Isigodlo kabusha futhi liyakhula izikhathi eziningana. Kancane kancane, Holy Cross muzi waba isikhungo enkulu yokugogobala ngoba ogwini Black Sea. Ngo 1778, kukhona kufuduka enkulu Armenia emazweni YaseCrimea ezansi Don ngomyalo wabaholi iNdlovukazi uCatherine II. Futhi ngobuzalwane sezindela sokuqoqa izinto zabo futhi washukumisela abantu bakhe Don, lapho bebehlala khona: kuvula elinegama elifanayo. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 sezindela YaseCrimea ekhulwini iyaqala umsebenzi walo, futhi nakuba wayengesilo bhishobhi, kodwa aye wasigcina ukubaluleka kwawo okungokomoya futhi esiwusizo Armenia ayesale eCrimea. Ngaphambi inguquko ka Surb Khach ephethwe ayizinkulungwane 4 amahektare amaningi endawo. Kodwa emva kwempi ngo-1925, sezindela njengoba isikhungo zenkolo, sekuqediwe. Ezikhathini aseSoviet, kwaku ezikhungweni ezahlukene: besuka ekamu ihlobo esibhedlela tubercular. Phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili, amaNazi owachitha yonke into esendleleni yawo, akazange alinge sokubhubhisa lesi namolennoe indawo. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-80-yalolucwaningo Wesiphambano oNgcwele baqala ukubuyisela, ngo-1994 inkonzo iyaqala. Namuhla, indlu yezindela ivuliwe futhi imithandazo ukuvakashelwa basayibambile lapha, kodwa ubuzalwane Izigodlo ngeke aphile lapha manje.

Umklamo eziyinkimbinkimbi

sezindela Armenia Surb Khach namuhla siqukethe izakhiwo eziningana: esontweni, a Refectory, indlu abahlala elangenza kanye nensimu nge imithombo. sezindela eziyinkimbinkimbi itholakala endaweni enhle kakhulu - ehlathini YaseCrimea ku eyehlelayo entabeni Grytsya. udonga Vintage amandla emangalisayo futhi sibe namandla. Kuyinto ethule kakhulu, isakhiwo akuyona ubuhle ethusayo, okungukuthi ubuhle kanye nemandla akamoya. On ezindongeni eziyinkimbinkimbi, ungabona eningi eqoshwe, imidwebo, imigexo emihle. Harmony kanye lightness ngesihluku kwezindonga zamatshe ukunikeza ezibaziweyo ezitebhisini futhi emoyeni amavesi. Namuhla, indlu yezindela sekonakele, futhi kuphela unezela charm kwamabhilidi. Izindonga, embozwe moss, ukwesekwa, eziphothiwe amagilebhisi asendle, entabeni iziphethu - konke lokhu kusakhela indlela ethule. Isakhiwo ekuhlaba umxhwele ukuvumelana kwalo okuphelele umoya endala.

Church of Ngena oNgcwele

sezindela YaseCrimea Wesiphambano oNgcwele eyakhelwe emhlabeni Surb Nshan Church of St Izimpawu. legend Local uthi uma abantu bebona esibhakabhakeni ngenhla emthambekeni weNtaba Holy Cross, uJehova wayekhomba indawo lapho entwasahlobo elicwengekileyo kukora. Yokudumisa izibonakaliso abathile ebandleni, kuqala yakhiwa ukhuni, eyavela kamuva itshe isonto endaweni yayo. Kulo mbhalo oqoshiwe ezinezinkondlo kuqoshwe kuyo itshe emhlabeni Dome "imigqomo", kuthi thempeli lakhiwa 1358. Umklamo lombhishobhi kuliragelo emasikweni medieval Armenia, kuba liyabonakala by etendeni pyramidal eyenziwe ngetshe, owakhe okusezingeni eliphezulu faceted "imigqomo". Ithempeli yakhiwe zamatshe amakhulu grey, uphahla embozwe tile abomvu. isakhiwo emfushane enamandla kuyingxenye ebalulekile udonga lwamatshe, okuyinto bokugcina bake bakhonza umsebenzi ukuzivikela. On ezindongeni lombhishobhi walondoloza yasezindongeni ephakathi. Abakwazi ukubona isithombe of the Virgin Mary nge usana olunguJesu ngezingalo zakhe, nabangcwele emhlabeni. Futhi omunye izingcezwana walondoloza elingenamikhono izingalo eSontweni Lase-Armenia - uyiwundlu esiphambanweni.

Ukuze isakhiwo main eduze narthex elingunxande (gavit), okuyinto ababengaziphathi zokungena ezimbili. Izindonga kompheme, eliqoshwe uhlobo iziphambano. Isihloko lolu phawu Christian kuhlehlela yonke indawo. Phela, Isigodlo nentaba lapho injena, ogama lakhe behlonipha Isiphambano oNgcwele. Ngenhla umbhoshongo kompheme insimbi, okuholela kusukela itshe gavit ezitebhisini, ehlotshiswe ngemihlobiso emihle ebaziwe. UMpheme futhi isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi usuku kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-15.

Refectory

Ngakolunye uhlangothi enkantolo, okuphambene ibandla St Izimpawu, iyona Refectory sezindela. Uma Surb Khach sezindela ngekhaya emakhulwini abantu, ngakho-ke kudingeka ikamelo elikhulu lokondla izindela nezihambi. Manje Refectory kuyinto isakhiwo ezimbili storey nge engaphansi ezinkulu. Kodwa esitezi sesibili yayakhiwe ukubonwa ngekhulu le-19, kwaku ngamakamelo-pilgrim nezihambi. isikhala Refectory yakhiwe amahholo amabili. North ikamelo ifakwe iziko elikhulu nge lwaleli, lapha ke ibekwe kuhhavini. Esikhathini eningizimu kukhona ezitebhisini engaphansi, kanye umnyango Lodge. Okulandelayo ekamelweni lokudlela ungabona Lomthombo odongeni enyakatho yalesi sakhiwo ixhunywe udonga lwamatshe we sezindela.

izindlu zokuhlala

Ezinsukwini ubudala Holy Cross Monastery yayiyindawo ethandwa kakhulu, futhi ukuze ihlanganise ama-pilgrim nezindela Kwakudingeka izakhiwo ezikhethekile. Ukuze odongeni eningizimu endlini eduze kumaseli izindela. Sikebhe yakhiwa kuleli ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-17 futhi siqukethe sesibili. Enhlabathini zikhona 8 amakamelo ngekwetinhloso letehlukene. Amaseli esitezi sesibili ukufinyelela wabelane emphemeni evulekile. I elingaphakathi impela olukhuni umzimba anobuhlobo, Dynamics of the Igumbi ukudala uchungechunge kokufulela arched. Kusukela eningizimu kuya izindlu anobuhlobo eduze nesakhiwo esinezitezi ezingu-omunye ehhotela sezindela. It labhujiswa nekhulu lama-20, futhi kule 80s ibuyiselwe lokusinda imidwebo.

sezindela engadini

Phakathi kokusa sezindela Surb Khach izingadi yakhe edumile ngokukhuluma emithonjeni eminingi. Namuhla, kusukela ezozibonela ubuhle bayo bangaphambili kancane ishiywa. Lapha ungakwazi ukubona izinsalela izindlela lasendulo, isakhiwo cishe engabonakali lihlala nemithombo ezimbili eyenziwe ngetshe. Emithonjeni - isakhiwo unxande nge olungaphambili lwesonto itshe, ehlotshiswe ngemihlobiso emihle ebaziwe. Ukuqinisekisa izindawo amanzi esigodlweni sezindela wasebenza amanzi ngobumba, okuyinto yondliwa amanzi emthonjeni. Kusukela Refectory ukuba imithombo wake wahola 5-izitezi, manje kukhona izinsalela isitebhisi masimu ezine zamatshe.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Sezindela sasendulo Cross Ongcwele Old eCrimea iyindawo eliyingqayizivele futhi edume. Kube khona itshe engu- ubudala - khachkars (cross-amatshe). He is esifuze eyinhloko yesigodlo, kodwa abazalwane kuthuthwa wasusa into engcwele kanzima Isigodlo entsha phezu Don. Ngakho-ke, eCrimea, kuphela izithombe zayo eziningi kuyabonakala namuhla.

Kusukela Isigodlo, ungathola endaweni nesikhulumi ngokuthi Backwoods, lapho esithakazelisa amanxiwa omunye sezindela sasendulo - Surb uStephanos ngekhulu le-14.

Eduze sezindela Surb Khach ageleza komhosha, okuyinto, ngokusho legend, has namandla ayisimangaliso. Amanzi spring crystal ecacile futhi kuphephile ukuba baphuze.

Ukuthola lapho

Indlela yokuthola Holy Cross Monastery? Ikheli sezindela okunemibandela: Stary Krym, Kirovsky wesifunda. Udinga ukuya edolobheni Stary Krym emgwaqeni owubhuqu ohlangothini eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lezindela Cross Engcwele, oxhumana ayikwazi ukutholwa, uyisikhumbuzo somlando yobuciko, emnyuziyamu, akukho ucingo ne-inthanethi. Ngakho-ke, ithemba kuphela amatilosi futhi abantu abalungile bayothola njalo ubabonisa indlela.