Svyatoslav the Brave - Prince kanye Jikelele

I-Kiev prince Svyatoslav i-Brave ilawula ngo-645-672. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, uyaziwa njengomphathi oqhakazile, owaziwa ngezimpi eziningana ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zaseMpumalanga Yurophu.

Indlalifa ka-Igor

Indodana ka- Igor Rurikovich Svyatoslav i-Brave yayinzalo yakhe kuphela. Wazalwa eminyakeni emithathu ngaphambi kokufa okubuhlungu kukayise. U-Igor wabulawa ngesihluku yi-Drevlyans, owenqaba ukukhokha intela eyengeziwe.

I-Svyatoslav yayisencane kakhulu, ngakho unina u-Olga waba ngu-regent. Wakhetha ukuphindisela kumaDrevlyans. Ngosizo lobuqili, indodakazi yenkosi yashisa inhloko-dolobha yayo, u-Iskorosten. Lo wesifazane oqinile wayephethe amandla ezandleni zakhe, kanti indodana yakhe yayikhula. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, u-Olga waziwa ukuthi ngo-855 waya eByzantium, lapho abhapathizwa khona. Waba umbusi wokuqala waseRussia ongumKristu. Lo mkhosi wenziwa ekamelweni elikhulu laseConstantinople , uHagia Sophia.

Svyatoslav nenkolo

Umama wazama ukufundisa ingane yakhe yobuKristu. Kodwa i-Svyatoslav i-Brave yahlala ingumqaba. Wakhulela emibuthweni yezempi futhi wathonywa ngabalindi bakhe, ababesele balandela abalandeli baseSlavic.

Kukhona inkolelo engaqinisekisiwe yokuthi eConstantinople, u-Olga wazama ukuthola indodana yakhe phakathi kwabapristi abangamaGreki. Umbusi wenqaba i-embassy, okuyinto eqinisweni eyamcasula iSvyatoslav. Njengoba isikhathi sizokutshela, ubuhlobo bakhe neByzantium bubulalayo.

Impi neVavatiki

I-Prince Svyatoslav i-Brave yayingenasithakazelo ezindabeni zangaphakathi nezokuphatha zezwe. Ukuphila kwakhe kwakuyibutho. Yonke isikhathi sakhe samahhala wayichitha nge druzhina yakhe. Ngenxa yalokhu, isikhulu sahlukaniswa nokufutheka kwakhe okuvuthayo kanye nemikhuba elula kakhulu yansuku zonke. Wayengalala kalula ukuba alale ensimini eceleni kwehhashi lakhe, ngenkathi enqaba itende lakhe nezinye izinto.

Ngakho-ke akumangalisi ukuthi ngokushesha nje lapho iNkosana Svyatoslav I. Brave ekhula, waqala ukuqhuba inqubomgomo yangaphandle esebenzayo. Uhambo lwakhe lokuqala lubuyele emuva ku-964 ngonyaka. Ngaleli hlobo wahlasela uViatichi, owayehlala eMfuleni i-Oka futhi wabonga iKhazars.

Ukuwa kweKhazar Khaganate

Ngonyaka olandelayo iKaganate kwadingeka ibhekane nebutho elihlelekile laseSlavic. AmaKhayars ayengama-nomads abakhuluma isiTurkey. Abaholi babo bezombusazwe bathatha ubuJuda. Ukungafani kwe-Kaganate evela eRussia kwakusobala, okuyinto eqinisweni eyanika iSvyatoslav isizathu esengeziwe sokulwa nomakhelwane bakhe.

Isikhulu sathumba imizi eminingi yaseKhazar: uSarkel, Itil, uBelaya Vezhu. Isiqhema sakhe sasihamba ngomlilo nangenkemba kuzo zonke izikhungo zezomnotho ezibalulekile zeKaganate, ngenxa yokuthi wawela ekutheni futhi maduze walala ngokuphelele ebalazweni. INkosi uSvyatoslav i-Brave yazama hhayi nje ukubhubhisa amandla omunye. Walalela ukuba athathe indawo enqabeni yeSarkel eMfuleni i-Don. Kwaphela isikhashana saba isikhova seSlav ezintabeni eziseningizimu.

Ukungenelela ekuxabaneni kweGrisi-Bulgarian

Imikhankaso yeKzarzar yeSvyatoslav i- Brave yayisengumkhankaso wokwenza umkhankaso omkhulu wempi wokuphila kwakhe. Ngalesi sikhathi, impi phakathi kwamaBulgaria neByzantium yaqala. UMbusi uNicphorus Fock wathumela i-ambassy eKiev, okwakhuthaza uSvyatoslav ukuba asize amaGreki. Ngokushintshanisa, amaSlav athole umvuzo ovulekile.

Ngakho, ngenxa yesibindi sakhe namabhizinisi, iSvyatoslav isibindi saziwa. Isithombe setshe lesikhumbuzo se-Novgorod, esavulwa iminyaka eyinkulungwane yaseRussia ngo-1862, siqinisekisa lokhu. I-Svyatoslav ithatha indawo phakathi kwamanye amagoli amakhulu empi, eceleni kukaMstislav Udalym. Ngenkathi iNkosana yaseKiev ilwa ngempumelelo emabhange aseDanube, ushintsho olukhulu lwezombusazwe lwaba khona eConstantinople. U-Emperor Nikifor Fock wabulawa ngesikhathi kuqhutshwa umbhikisho. Umbusi omusha, uJohn Tzimisces, wenqaba ukukhokha iSvyatoslav, bese impi yathatha ukuphenduka okungalindelekile.

Isikhulu sakwaSlavic sagcina ukusebenzisana namaBulgaria futhi manje sahamba nombusi wakhe ku-emperor. Ngenkathi iSvyatoslav ingekho eKiev, umama wakhe u-Olga washona lapho, empeleni wabusa izwe lapho engekho indodana yakhe.

Ngo-970, isikhulu sakwazi ukucela ukusekelwa okungabaseBulgaria kuphela, kodwa nabaseHungary kanye nePechenegs. Ibutho lakhe lahlaselwa iThrace izinyanga ezimbalwa. Lokhu kuhlaselwa kwamiswa ngemva kweMpi yase-Arcadio. AmaByzantine ahlula uPechenegs, owabalekela empini wanikela eSvyatoslav.

Manje impi iye yasenyakatho - emabhange aseDanube. Lapha uSvyatoslav uhlele ukuhlala unomphela. Wenza ngisho nenhloko-dolobha yakhe inqaba yendawo yasePhereyaslavets. Mhlawumbe amazwe aseningizimu ayamthanda ngaphezu kukaKiev.

Isivumelwano sokuthula nombusi

UMbusi uJohn Tzimisces naye wayengumphathi omkhulu. Yena ngokwakhe wahola amabutho emkhankasweni omusha we-971. Ngo-Ephreli, ibutho lakhe lathatha inhloko-dolobha yaseBulgaria futhi yathonya uThar Boris II. Ngakho, iSvyatoslav yahlala yedwa ngokumelene namaGreki. Yena kanye nebutho lakhe wahamba waya enqabeni enezinqaba zaseDorostol.

Ngokushesha amaGreki azungeze indawo yokugcina yaseSlavic esifundeni. I-Svyatoslav yayingafuni ukuzinikela ngaphandle kokulwa futhi izinyanga ezintathu zagcina inqaba. Amabutho akhe enza ukukhishwa kwesibindi. Kwenye yazo, i-Byzantine yalahlekelwa zonke izikhali zayo zokuvimbezela. AmaSlav okungenani ama-4 aphuma ensimini ukuze aphule ukuvinjelwa.

Kulezi zimpi, amakhulu namakhulu amaqhawe abulawa ngezinhlangothi zombili. Ekupheleni kukaJulayi, isikhulu nombusi ekugcineni bavumelana ngesiphetho sokuthula. Ngokwesivumelwano, iSvyatoslav, kanye nebutho lakhe bekwazi ukubuyela ezweni lakuzo ngokuthula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo amaGreki amnika konke okudingekayo ukuhamba. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa emva komhlangano wababusi, ama-Slavonic ama-rooks ashiya isitsha seDanube.

Ukufa

I-Svyatoslav yenqabe konke ukuzuza eBulgaria. Kodwa akungabazeki ukuthi isikhulu eseneminyaka engamashumi amathathu ubudala sasingeke siyeke. Ebuyela ekhaya futhi esithole amandla amasha, wayephinde abuye empini nombuso. Kodwa izinhlelo zaleli sikhulu azizange zigcwaliseke.

Indlela yamabutho akhe agijima ngaphesheya kwe-delta ye-Dnieper kanye nokufinyelela kwayo ephansi, lapho kwakukhona khona ama-rapids ayingozi yokuhamba. Ngenxa yalokhu, isikhulu esinebutho elincane elisele ladingeka lihambe emanzini ukuze linqobe isithiyo semvelo. Yilokho indlela uSvyatoslav eyayihlaselwa yi-Pechenegs. Mhlawumbe, abahlali abaqedile baphetha isivumelwano nombusi waseByzantium, owayefuna ukubhekana nesitha esifungisiwe.

Ngo-972 uSvyatoslav wabulawa empini engalingani. Izindaba zale ndawo zafika eKiev, kanye nesimangaliso sabasindile be-prince. Inhloko-dolobha yaqala ukubusa indodana yakhe i-Yaropolk. Eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili kamuva uVladimir Krasnoe Solnyshko, uMbhapathizi waseRussia, uzofika esikhundleni sakhe.