Izyaslav Mstislavich, uMkhulukulu waseKiev: iminyaka yokuphila nohulumeni

Ummeli wobukhosi baseRurik - u-Izyaslav Mstislavich - wayeyindodana kaMstislav Omkhulu nomzukulu kaVladimir Monomakh. Uyise nomkhulu babeyizikhulu zaseKiev. Ngaphansi kokulandelana okuqondile, u-Izyaslav naye wayengase ahlale esihlalweni sobukhosi kuMama wamaRussia. Kodwa-ke, wazalwa ngo-1097, futhi yonke impilo yakhe yabantu abadala yawela ekhulwini le-XII - inkathi yezingxabano zomphakathi ezingapheli nokuhlukaniswa kwezombangazwe ezweni lakubo.

Intsha

U-Izyaslav Mstislavich kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe waphoqeleka ukuba afakazele ilungelo lakhe lobuholi ekulwa namalume amaningi kanye nezinye izihlobo eziphezulu zendlu kaRurik. Wathola isipiliyoni sokuqala sokubusa eKursk, lapho ngo-1125-1129 wayelungu leSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia. Wayengumuntu ophikisana noyise. UMstislav wabe esethuma indodana yakhe ePolotsk. Leli dolobha isikhathi eside laliyingxenye yegatsha elihlukile likaRurikovich, laxoshwa okwesikhashana ngemuva kwempi elahlekile.

UMstislav the Great, owabusa eKiev, waba namadodana amaningana, kanti u-Izyaslav Mstislavich wayengowesibili kubo. Umfowabo omdala uVsevolod wathola u-Novgorod, futhi omncane - uRostislav - wazuza njengefa uSomolensk.

Akungabazeki ukuthi uMstislav wayefuna ukudlulisela i-Kiev kumunye wamadodana akhe, ngisho nangokungahambisani nomthetho ohleliwe, ngokusho ukuthi idolobha elikhulu likaRussia lidlulisela ilungu elidala lendlu yonke. Ukuze kube sekugcineni, inkosi yaqeda isivumelwano nomfowabo omncane u-Yaropolk. Lesi sivumelwano sasilandela. Ngemva kokufa kukaMstislav, i-Yaropolk engenamntwana yathola uKiev futhi ithembisa ukuyisa isihlalo sobukhosi kumunye wabafowabo. Isikhathi sibonise ukuthi amalungiselelo anjalo ayengenakwenzeka.

Ku-Novgorod

UMstislav wabulawa ngo-1132, futhi indodana yakhe u-Izyaslav Mstislavich wathola evela e-Yaropolk yokuqala ePhereyaslavl, wabe esehlala eTurov, Pinsk naseMinsk. Nokho, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuhlala endaweni entsha isikhathi eside. Eminyakeni embalwa nje isikhulu sichithwa ngumalume wakhe - uVyacheslav.

Echithiwe amandla, u-Izyaslav waya ku-Novgorod kumfowabo omdala uVsevolod. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isikhulu sabhalisela u-Olgovichi, ababusi bezwe laseChernigov. I-Mstislavichi, enganelisekanga ngesabelo sabo, ifunwa kusuka kumalume omgomo omkhulu. Ngomzamo wokufakazela ukungathí sina kwezinhloso, abazalwane ababeyinhloko yebutho laseNovodod bahlasela iNortheast Russia, eyayiyindodana encane kunazo zonke yaseMonomakh, u-Yuri Dolgoruky.

UVsevolod wayefuna iNkosana Izyaslav Mstislavich ukuba athathe uMbusi weRostov. Nokho, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuqala impi nobabakazi, bememezela umgomo onjalo. Isikhathi esifanelekayo satholakala ngokushesha kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, ama-Novgorodians azange enze isinkwa, kodwa ayithenge kumakhelwane. Ngobusuku bemkhankaso weMstislavichi, abathengisi baseSudal bawandisa kakhulu inani lezimpahla zabo, okwavusa ukuthukuthela kwezihloko zeVsevolod.

Ekupheleni kuka-1134, ibutho lase-Novgorod, eliholwa iMstislavichi, lahlasela isakhiwo sikaYury Dolgoruky. Isiqhema saguduka ngasogwini lwemifula iDubna noBubri. I-Mstislavichi yayizokwenza ukulawula phezu komgwaqo wamanzi ukuze inqunywe imizi yaseningizimu yomalume evela enyakatho.

NgoJanuwari 26, 1135, u-Izyaslav Mstislavich, umzukulu kaVladimir Monomakh, wahola ibutho empini e-Zhdanoi Mountain. Abakwa-Novgorodians babe nenzuzo - beba ngabokuqala ukuhlala ukuphakama okubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuchoboza u-Suzdal, u-squadron wagijimela phansi, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi kwacaca ukuthi ingxenye yamabutho ka-Yuri Dolgoruky wayesebenze ngobuqili futhi wangena ngemuva kwezimiso zikaMstislavich. Ama-Novgorodians anqotshwa, umbala webutho lawo kanye nama-aristocracy, kuhlanganise no-Petrilo Mikulich no-1000, no-posadnik Ivanko Pavlovich, bafa. Izifundo ze-Vsevolod zatshelwa ukwesaba futhi zibalekela empini. Ngo-1136, ngenxa yokuvukela, walahlekelwa amandla. U-Izyaslav wayengenalutho lokulahlekelwa kusukela ekuqaleni, futhi ngemuva kokunqotshwa kwakhe wavuselela umzabalazo wamandla ngamandla amakhulu.

Volynsky kanye nesikhulu sasePhereyaslav

Ngaphandle komfowabo kaVsevolod, izithunywa zika-Izyaslav zaziyiChernigov Olgovichi. Ngabo, yena, ebuya eNorth-Eastern Russia, waya e-Pereyaslav naseKiev. Lo mkhankaso uphumelele kakhudlwana kunokwedlule. Akunqweneli impi, i-Yaropolk yazinikela kumshana kaVladimir-Volynsky. U-Izyaslav wabusa lapho ngo-1135-1142.

Ngo-1139, iNdodana Yaropolk yafa. Isihlalo sobukhosi saseKieya sathunjwa nguVsevolod Olgovich, owaze wabusa uChernigov kuze kube yileso sikhathi. Isithembiso esidala sikaJaropolk Mstislav mayelana nokudluliselwa kwamandla kumshana wakhe akuzange kwenzeke. Ngaleso sikhathi u-Izyaslav wayebe yindodana ephilayo endala kaMstislav. Umfowabo, owaxoshwa ku-Novgorod, washona maduzane ngaphambi kweJaropolk.

UVsevolod Olgovich washada noMaria Mstislavovna - udade u-Izyaslav. Ubuhlobo obumbene phakathi kwabo abuzange busebenze. Noma kunjalo, ngo-1135, u-Izyaslav walahlekelwa yi-Volgodonsky Vladimir-Volynsky, futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe uPereyaslavl. Ukusondela kwaleli dolobha kuya eKievish ngokushesha wadlala isikhulu ngesandla.

Ukuqala kokubusa eKiev

I-Vsevolod yaseKiev yafa ngo-1146. Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, waphoqa u-Izyaslav ukuba afunge ukuthi ngeke athathe isihlalo sobukhosi kumfowabo omncane u-Igor. Nokho, ngokushesha nje lapho uVsevolod efa, kwaqhuma izimpikiswano eKiev. Abantu bakuleli dolobha abathandi i-Olgovichi futhi babefuna ukuba inzalo yaseMonomakh ibuse phezu kwabo. Ngokushesha u-Izyaslav wazi kahle leli dolobha. UGor wazama ukuzivikela. Waphikisana nomphikisi, kodwa wanqotshwa wabanjwa ehlathini.

Iqiniso lokuthi u-Izyaslav Mstislavich - uMkhulukazi waseKiev, wathukuthelisa unina wakhe. UVyacheslav, owake waxosha umshana wakhe waseTurov, wathi amalungelo akhe, kodwa manje yena ngokwakhe wayenqatshelwe ifa. Pereyaslavl, lapho u-Izyaslav ebusa khona eKiev, naye waqhubeka engaphansi kwakhe. ETurov watshala indodana kaJaroslav ngumbusi. UPereyaslavl wathola indlalifa eyinhloko eMstislav.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, eKiev, idrama yadlala. Echithiwe ngamandla, u-Igor Olgovich wathunyelwa ngu-Izyaslav esakhiweni sezindela. Lapho waba umonisi futhi wahola ukuphila okuthula. Kodwa ngisho nokuthobeka okuqotho kuka-Igor akuzange kumsindise esixukwini esithukuthele. Ngo-1147 iqembu labantu baseKiev laphinde lahlela izimpikiswano edolobheni futhi laphukela endaweni yezindela, lapho isikhulu esihlazo sasihlala khona. U-Igor waqothuka, igama lakhe lahlukunyezwa esidlangalaleni. U-Izyaslav wayengesiyena igazi, akazange ahlele lolu bulala olunonya, kodwa kwakudingeka athwale umthwalo walo.

Ukulinganiswa kwezingxabano ze-internecine

Umfowabo kaSvyatoslav Seversky wahlala no-Igor Igor. Ngemva kokuthola izindaba zesimo esibi esiyisihlobo, waba yisitha esingenakuqhathaniswa nesiphathimandla saseKiev. U-Izyaslav II uMstislavich wayenezinye izitha. Abasebenza kakhulu kubo kwakungu-Yuri Dolgoruky. Indodana encane kunazo zonke yaseMonomakh yaqhubeka ibusa uRostov neSuzdal. Kuthunyelwe eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Zalesye isiseyise, yena kusukela eminyakeni yokuqala wayengenelisekile ngokuhlanganyela kwesabelo. U-Yuri wayecasuliwe nomshana wakhe, owayeseduze neKiev ngomzuzu, lapho abantu baseKiev bevukela ama-Olhoviches.

U-Dolgoruky wathola isidlaliso sakhe ngokuzwakalayo. Izifiso zakhe ezivela ezweni laseRostov-Suzdal zafinyelela kulo lonke elaseRussia. U-Yuri waqoqa ukubambisana okuphelele ngokumelene ne-Izyaslav. I-Svyatoslav Seversky eshiwo kakade, kanye noVladimir Galitsky (wayefuna ukulondoloza ukuzimela kukaGalicya eKiev) wangena emnyangweni. Ekugcineni, eceleni kukaDolgoruky kwakukhona amaPolvota, azinsizakalo zakhe ezingathandeki ayezisebenzisa njalo ngaphandle kokungabaza.

U-Izyaslav empini esondelayo wayesekelwa umfowethu omncane uRostislav Smolensky, uVladimir Davydovich Chernigov, uRostislav Yaroslavich waseRyazan noNovgorod. Kanti futhi wayelokhu esizwa amakhosi aseHungary, iCzech Republic nePoland.

Impi yobuqhawe

Esigabeni sokuqala, ingxabano ye-internecine yawela ezweni laseChernigov. I-Davydoviks izama ukuchitha iSvyatoslav yekusasa lakhe. Ngenkathi iNkosz Izyaslav Mstislavich noYury Dolgoruky bebeka isinqumo sekusasa laseKiev, elinye iRurikovichs lazama futhi ukwenza ngokuvumelana nezintshisekelo zabo. Bonke balwe nawo wonke umuntu. U-Izyaslav wathumela indodana yakhe uMstislav kuDyydovichi Novgorod-Seversky eyayivinjwe neBerendeys namaPereyaslavlites. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukuthatha inqaba.

Khona-ke u-Izyaslav Mstislavich, uMdunankulu waseKiev, yena kanye neqembu lakhe baphuma baya e-Novgorod. I-Svyatoslav yaqala ukubuyela eKarachev, bese-ke, kanye no-Yuri, bahlasela impahla kaSomolensk. Ukuphenduka empini kwenzeka ngemuva kokuba i-Davydovici ihlangane nesikhulu senyakatho. U-Izyaslav II Mstislavich, kafushane, akazange ajabule ngalokho okwakwenzekile. Ngo-1148 yena, kanye nebutho laseHungary, bahlasela izimpahla zaseChernigov. Impi jikelele ayikwenzekanga. Ngemva kokuma ngaphansi kukaLyubech, isikhulu saseKiev sabuya.

Yehluleka

Ngo-1149 u-Izyaslav 2 uMstislavich waphinde wahlangana nama-Davydoviches no-Svyatoslav Seversky. Ngaphezu kwalokho, enkonzweni yakhe kwafika enye yamadodana ka-Yuri Dolgoruky Rostislav, enganelisekile ngokuthi uyise wayenqatshelwe ukuthi angenalo. Emva kwalokho u-Izyaslav kanye noRostislav Smolensky noNovgorod bahamba nomkhankaso eNyakatho-mpumalanga yeRussia. Ibutho lamabutho liphanga izinto eziningi zikaYuri. Abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa bathunjwa.

Lapho ebuyela eKiev, u-Izyaslav waphikisana noRostislav Yurievich, wamangalela ngokuthi uyamhlukumeza futhi uyamlahla ifa lakhe. U-Dolgoruky wasebenzisa iqiniso lokuthi indodana yakhe yahlazeka futhi, ngemuva kokuthola esinye isizathu esihle sokuhlaselwa kwesitha, wahamba nomkhankaso oseningizimu. Empi empini yasePereyaslavl ngo-Agasti 1149, isikhulu saseKieya sanqotshwa. U-Yuri Dolgoruky wagcwalisa iphupho lakhe elidala futhi wathatha inhloko-dolobha yasendulo. Kubonakala sengathi u-Izyaslav Mstislavich (1146-1149) ngeke aphinde alawulwe eKiev, kodwa akazange acabange ukuyeka.

Umkhankaso we-Volyn

Ngemva kokulahlekelwa yiKiev, u-Izyaslav wagcina uVolyn. Kwakukhona lapho impi yangaphakathi ehamba khona . Lapha, entshonalanga yeRussia, wayedinga ngokukhethekile ukusekelwa kwamakhosi aseCzech Republic, ePoland naseHungary. Ibutho lika-Yuri lavimbela indawo enqabeni yaseLutsk, okuzivikela kwayo eyayiholwa nguVladimir Mstislavich.

U-Izyaslav, kanye nabalingani bakhe baseNtshonalanga, baqala ukusiza umuzi lapho sekuvele kuntuleka kwamanzi kuwo. Nokho, izimpi azenzekanga. Abaphikisi bavuma ukuthi u-Izyaslav wayezogwema ukubiza isihlalo sobukhosi saseKiev, futhi u-Yuri wayezomnika intela ekhethiwe yase-Novgorod. Njengesijwayelekile kuleso sikhathi esiyinkimbinkimbi, lezi zivumelwano azikaze zenziwe ngokusemthethweni.

Buyela eKiev

Ngo-1151, u-Izyaslav, owajoyina inqola yaseHungary, eyathunyelwa iNkosi King Geza II, waphinde wathatha uKiev. Phakathi nalolu mkhankaso, usongo oluyinhloko kuye lwaluboniswa nguVladimir Galitsky, owakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngosizo lomkhohlisi okhohlisayo. U-Yuri wasuka eKiev, empeleni wayinikela ngaphandle komzabalazo. U-Vladimirko Galitsky, ecasulwa ukungaboni kahle kwababambisene nabo, naye wamisa impi.

Ngakho, eKieya iminyaka yokubusa kuka-Izyaslav Mstislavich (1151-1154) yaqhubeka. Ngalesi sikhathi waqala ukungenela futhi wamema u-Vyacheslav, owayebambe ngokuhlanganyela ngokuhlanganyela kusukela manje. Ubudlelwano phakathi komalume nomshana wami abukwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi buhle: babhekene nokuxabana okuningi nokuhlambalazana. Manje izikhulu zagcina zibuyisana. Umshana wakhe walahlekelwa isigodlo sakhe njengesenzo esingokomfanekiso futhi wamphatha njengobaba. Eqinisweni, u-Izyaslav Mstislavich wathatha zonke izinqumo. Inqubomgomo yangaphakathi neyangaphandle yesikhulu yayixhomeke ngokuphelele empini. Ngesikhathi sonke sokubusa kwakhe, kwakungekho isikhathi eside sokuthula.

U-Yuri Dolgoruky, owabuyela ezweni laseRostov-Suzdal, wayengayikuyeka izinhloso zakhe. Ngo-1151, waphinde wahamba ne-retinue yakhe eningizimu. U-Yuri usekela izikhulu zaseChernigov ne-Polovtsy. Ukuhlasela i-Kiev kwakudingeka kuqala ukuphoqa i-Dnieper. Umzamo wokuqala wokuwela kuwo wenziwa eduze kwaseVyshgorod. U-Izyaslav wamvimbela, wathumela lapho izinqola zama-rooks amaningi.

Iqembu le-Suzdal lingazange libuyele emuva futhi lazama inhlanhla yakhe kwenye ingxenye yomfula. Ngemva kokuwela umfula iZarubinsky, wasondela eKiev. Inqola esengaphambili, eyayiyinhloko yePolvvtsi, yabhujiswa eduze komuzi. Empini, uKhan Bonyak wabulawa. U-Yuri Dolgoruky, ethembele usizo oluvela kuVladimir Galitsky, wabuyela emuva entshonalanga, kodwa ngokushesha washaywa empini eMfuleni uRute. Impi ilahlekelwa impilo yeKhernigov isikhulu uVladimir Davydovich. Izyaslav angase anqobe. U-Yuri Dolgoruky eningizimu yeRussia wahlala e-Kursk kuphela.

Iminyaka yamuva

Impi ye-internecine yavimbela izikhulu ukuba zilwa nokusongela kwangempela - amaPolvania. Kuhleliwe eKiev, Izyaslav kabili wathumela amadodana akhe neqembu lakhe emagqumeni. Ukuhamba kwaphumelela. Izwe laseKiev iminyaka eminingana likhohliwe mayelana nokuhlasela okuyinhlekelele. Ngo-1152, u-Izyaslav Mstislavich Izyaslav Davydovich wayevinjwe yiDolgoruky eChernigov. Isikhulu saseKievine esiphezulu sebutho sabasiza. U-Yuri kwadingeka ahambe.

Umphikisi ka-Izyaslav naye uhlale eVladimir Galitsky. Ngo-1152, amaHungary awaphula emfuleni i-Sanaa. U-Izyaslav yena ngokwakhe waya eGalicia. UVladimirko wahlangana naye futhi ngokushesha washona. Indodana yakhe kanye nendlalifa uJaroslav Osmomysl baqaphela ukuthi u-Izyaslav uyinhloko , kodwa empeleni wenza inqubomgomo ezimele, okwaholela empini. Isikhulu sakwa-Kiev samhlupha ngaphansi kweTerebovlev. Lona kwakuyimpi yokugcina enkulu yomlawuli.

Izyaslav Mstislavich (noma uVladimirovich, noma kunalokho, uMonomachevich - okungukuthi, umzukulu kaVladimir Monomakh) washona ngo-1154 eKiev. Ukufa kwakhe kwabangela usizi olukhulu kubantu basekhaya. U-Izyaslav wayethanda uthando lwabantu, wayevame ukugubha nabadayisi futhi enza nge-veche ejwayelekile njengokhokho wakhe okhazimulayo u-Yaroslav the Wise. Isikhulu sangcwatshwa endlini yezigodlo zaseSt. Theodore, eyakhiwa nguyise uMstislav Omkhulu.

Ngemva kokushona kuka-Izyaslav, impi ende ye-internecine yaqhubeka. I-Kiev idlula ngakwesokunene. Ngo-1169, washiswa futhi waphangwa yindlalifa ka-Yuri Dolgoruky, u-Andrei Bogolyubsky, wabe eselahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwesikhungo esikhulu sezombusazwe saseRussia. Izizukulwane zika-Izyaslav zagxila e-Volhynia. Umzukulu wakhe uDanil Romanovich wabumbene yonke iNingizimu-Western Russia futhi wayegqoka isihloko seNkosi yaseRussia.