UVasily Chapaev: i-biography emfushane namaqiniso athakazelisayo. Chapaev Vasily Ivanovich: izinsuku ezithakazelisayo nolwazi

U-Vasily Chapaev wazalelwa ngoFebruwari 9, 1887 emzaneni omncane waseBudaika, esifundazweni saseKazan. Namuhla le ndawo iyingxenye yeCheboksary, inhloko-dolobha yaseChuvashia. Ngokwemvelaphi uChayeyev kwakunguRussia - wayengumntwana wesithupha emndenini omkhulu omndeni ohluphekayo. Lapho Vasily efunda, abazali bakhe bathuthela eBalakovo (esifundeni samanje iSaratov, esifundazweni saseSamara).

Iminyaka yokuqala

Umfana wathunyelwa esikoleni esabelwe isonto lesonto. Ubaba wayefuna uVasili abe umpristi. Noma kunjalo, ukuphila okulandelayo kwendodana yakhe kwakungeyona nhlobo esontweni. Ngo-1908 uVasily Chapayev wabhaliswa ebuthweni. Wathunyelwa e-Ukraine, eKiev. Ngesinye isizathu isosha libuyiselwe endaweni yokugcina ngaphambi kokuphela kwensizakalo.

Amabala amhlophe we-biography wezinguquko ezidumile ahlobene nokuntuleka kwe-banal yemibhalo eqinisekisiwe. Emlandweni wezeSoviet, umbono osemthethweni wukuthi uVasily Chapaev empeleni wayexoshiwe ebuthweni ngenxa yemibono yakhe. Kodwa akusekho ubufakazi obubhalwe phansi bale mbono.

Impi Yezwe Yokuqala

Ngesikhathi sokuthula, uVasily Chapaev wasebenza njengombazi futhi wahlala nomndeni wakhe edolobheni laseMelekesse. Ngo-1914 iMpi Yezwe Yasekuqaleni yaqala, futhi amasosha agcinwe kabusha aphinde ahlelwa ebutho le-tsarist. I-Chapaev yaba ngaphansi kwe-82 Infantry Division, eyayilwa nama-Austrians namaJalimane eGalicia naseVolhynia. Ngaphambili, wathola iSt George Cross, isilonda kanye nesigaba sesikhulu esingaphansi kokuthunyelwa.

Ngenxa yokuhluleka kwe-Chapaeva ithunyelwe esibhedlela esiseduze eSaratov. Lapho, isikhulu esingazange sithunyelwe sihlangabezane ne-Revolution kaFebhuwari. Ngemva kokululama, uVasily Ivanovich wanquma ukujoyina amaBolsheviks, awenza ngoSeptemba 28, 1917. Amakhono akhe namakhono akhe ezempi wamnika incomo engcono kakhulu ezimweni zeMpi Yombango esondela .

E-Red Army

Ekupheleni kuka-1917 uChapaev Vasily Ivanovich wamiswa njengomlawuli wamabutho okugcina indawo, e-Nikolayevsk. Namuhla lo muzi ubizwa ngokuthi i-Pugachev. Ekuqaleni, lowo owayengumphathi webutho lama-tsarist wahlela abaHlengi abaBomvu bendawo, okwakhiwa amaBolsheviks ngemuva kokusebenza. Ekuqaleni, kwakukhona abantu abangu-35 kuphela emasosha akhe. Abampofu bajoyina amaBolshevik, abalimi bezilwane, njll. NgoJanuwari 1918 amaChayeyevites alwa nezilaki zendawo ezazingathokozi ngo-Okthoba Revolution. Kancane kancane, leli qembu lakhula futhi labonga ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa okuphumelelayo nokulwa nokulwa.

Lokhu kwakhiwa kwamabutho masinyane kwashiya izindlu zabo futhi kwaqala ukulwa nabamhlophe. Lapha, ezindaweni eziphansi zeVolga, ukuhlaselwa kwamandla kaGeneral Kaledin kwakhiwe. UChapaev Vasily Ivanovich wabamba iqhaza kulo mkhankaso ngokumelene nalomholi weqembu elimhlophe. Impi eyisihluthulelo yaqala eduze kwedolobha laseTsaritsyn, lapho ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona nomhleli weqembu uStalin.

I-Pugachev Brigade

Ngemuva kokuhlaselwa kukaKaledin, umlando kaChapaev Vasily Ivanovich wawuxhunywe neMpumalanga Front. Ngentwasahlobo ka-1918, iBolsheviks yayilawula kuphela ingxenye yaseYurophu yaseRussia (ngisho nangaleso sikhathi). Empumalanga, kusukela ebhange elingakwesokunxele le-Volga, amandla ama-Whites ahlala.

Ngaphezu kwakho konke, uChapayev walwa ne-Komuch People's Army neCzechoslovak Corps. NgoMeyi 25, wanquma ukuqamba kabusha izinqola zakhe ezibomvu ezibizwa ngokuthi ngu-Stepan Razin kanye negama elibizwa ngePugachev. Amagama amasha aqala ukubhekisela kubaholi abadumile bokuvukela okuvelele esifundeni seVolga ngekhulu le-17 nele-18. Ngakho-ke, uChapaev washo ngokucacile ukuthi abasekeli bamaBolshevik babevikela amalungelo omkhakha ophansi kunazo zonke labantu bezwe elinesibindi-abalimi nabasebenzi. Ngo-Agasti 21, 1918, ibutho lakhe laxosha iCzechoslovak Corps e-Nikolaevsk. Ngemva kwesikhashana (ngoNovemba) inhloko yePugachev Brigade yaqala ukuqanjwa kabusha kwedolobha libe yiPugachev.

Ulwa neCzechoslovak Corps

Ehlobo, abaseChapaevs baqala ukuzitholela emaphethelweni e-Uralsk, abanjwe yizinyosi. Khona-ke i-Red Guard kwakudingeka ibuye ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla nezikhali. Kodwa ngemva kokuphumelela e-Nikolaevsk, lesi sigaba sasinezibhamu eziyishumi ezithathwe ngomshini nezinye izinto eziningi ezidingekayo ezidingekayo. Ngalesi Chapaevs enhle yahamba ukulwa ne-People's Army KOMCHU.

Abalandeli abangu-11 abayizigidi ezihlomile beMhlophe bawela ngeVolga ukuze bahlangane nebutho likaCossack Ataman Krasnov. Okubomvu kwakungaphansi kwesinye isikhathi nesigamu. Ngokulinganayo kwakufana nokulingana kwezikhali. Kodwa-ke, lesi sigqeko asizange sivimbele abakwa-Pugachev amabutho ukuba bashaya futhi bahlakaze isitha. Phakathi naleso sengozini yokusebenza, i-biography kaVasily Ivanovich Chapaev yaziwa kulo lonke elaseVolga. Futhi ngenxa yenkulumo-ze yeSoviet, igama lakhe lazwakala izwe lonke. Nokho, lokhu kwenzeka ngemuva kokufa kwe-nachdiv edumile.

EMoscow

Ekupheleni kuka-1918 i-Academy ye-General Staff ye-Red Army yabamba abalaleli bokuqala. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona uVasily Ivanovich Chapaev. I-biography emfushane yalo muntu yayigcwele zonke izinhlobo zempi. Wayenomthwalo wabantu abaningi abazithoba kuye.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wayengenayo imfundo ehlelekile. U-Chapaev waphumelela impumelelo yakhe e-Red Army ngenxa yobufakazi bakhe bemvelo nobuhlungu. Kodwa sekuyisikhathi sokuba aqedele inkambo e-Academy ye-General Staff.

Isithombe se-Chapaev

Esikhungweni semfundo, lowo oqalayo wabashaya abantu abazungezile, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokushesha kwengqondo yakhe, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukungazi kahle amaqiniso ajwayelekile ezemfundo jikelele. Isibonelo, kukhona i-anecdote yomlando ethi uChapaev akakwazanga ukukhombisa ebalazweni lapho eLondon noMfula weSeine khona, ngoba wayengazi lutho ngokuphila kwabo. Mhlawumbe lokhu kuyisiqhwaga, njengoba ngokujwayelekile konke okuhlobene nenkolelo yezinye zezinhlamvu ezivelele kakhulu zeMpi Yombango, kodwa kunzima ukuphika ukuthi inhloko yeqembu likaPugachev laliyimmeleli ejwayelekile yamakilasi aphansi, okuyinto, ngokuyisigameko, eyazuza kuphela isithombe sakhe phakathi kwabakwa-comrades-in arms.

Yiqiniso, ekuthuleni kwangemuva kweMoscow kwakukhona umuntu onamandla ongenakuhlala endaweni, njengoVasily Ivanovich Chapaev. Ukuqedwa okuncane kokufunda okungafundi kahle akuzange kumthinte umuzwa wokuthi uNachdev wayekude kuphela. Izikhathi eziningana wabhalela indlunkulu ngezicelo zokumhoxisa ezenzakalweni. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ngoFebruwari 1919, e-Eastern Front, kwavela esinye isimo esiphezulu, esihlobene ne-counterffensive of Kolchak. Ekupheleni kwebusika uChayeyev ekugcineni wabuyela ebuthweni lakhe.

Futhi futhi ngaphambili

Umphathi webutho lesine, uMikhail Frunze, oqokiwe uChayeyev oyinhloko yeCandelo lama-25, ayala ngakho waze wafa. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, lokwakheka, okwakhiwa ngokuyinhloko kwe-proletarian conscripts, kwenziwe imisebenzi eminingi yamaqhinga amelene nabamhlophe. Yilapho uChapaev eveza khona ukuthi ungumholi wezempi. Esigabeni sama-25 yena waba udumo kulo lonke izwe ngenxa yezinkulumo zakhe zomlilo phambi kwamasosha. Ngokuvamile uNachshdiv wayelokhu engaphazanyiswa kubaphathi bawo. Kuloluphawu oluphawulekayo, uhlamvu lomlingani lweMpi Yombango lwazibonakalisa, okwakuye lwadunyiswa ezincwadini zeSoviet.

U-Vasily Chapaev, owaziwa ngaye njengomuntu oyisizukulwane sabantu abaningi, wayekhunjulwa yinzalo yakhe ngenxa yokuxhumana kwakhe okungenakuqothulwa nabantu abanjalo kubantu abavamile abavukuzi abavukuzi abahlala e-Volga esifundeni nase-Ural steppes.

Amacebo

Njengoba icebo likaChapaev lathatha amasu amaningana, asebenza ngokuphumelelayo ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwesigaba sempumalanga. Isici esivela ukuthi senza ngokuzihlukanisa kusuka ezingxenyeni ezihlangene. U-Chapaevtsy wayehlale ehlala phambili. Yilabo abaqala ukuhlambalaza, futhi kaningi baze bazibulala ngokuzimela isitha. Mayelana noVasily Chapaev kuyaziwa ukuthi wayevame ukusebenzisa indlela yokusebenzisa amaqhinga. Isigaba sakhe sabonakala ngokusebenza kahle nokuhamba kwawo. Ngokuvamile u-White wayengenakukwazi ukuhambisana nokunyakaza kwakhe, noma ngabe befuna ukuhlela ukulwa nokulwa.

U-Chapaev wayehlale egcina iqembu eliqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile emkhakheni owodwa, okwakungabhekana nokushaya okukhulu ngesikhathi sempi. Ngosizo lwendlela efanayo, amadoda aseBlack Army afaka izixuku ezinqabeni zesitha futhi azungeze izitha zawo. Njengoba izimpi zalwa kakhulu endaweni ye-steppe, amasosha ayehlale enesikhala sokuqondisa okuningi. Ngezinye izikhathi bathatha isici esingenandaba, kodwa amaChapayevites ayehlala enenhlanhla ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibindi sabo sazisa abaphikisi ukuba babe yi-stupor.

Ukusebenza kwe-Ufa

U-Chapaev akakaze enze ngendlela ehlukile. Ekuphakameni kwempi, wayenganikeza umyalelo ongalindelekile, okwakushiya inkambo yehlelwa phansi. Isibonelo, ngo-May 1919, phakathi nokuxabana eduze kwaseBugulma, eseqalile, waqala ukuhlaselwa okubanzi, naphezu kokuzikhandla kokwenza okunjalo.

UVasily Chapaev wayeya empumalanga ngaphandle kokukhathala. I-biography emfushane yalo mholi wezempi nayo iqukethe ulwazi mayelana nokusebenza okuphumelelayo kwe-Ufa, ngesikhathi lapho inhloko-dolobha ezayo yeBashkiria ithathwe khona. Ngobusuku ngoJuni 8, 1919, uMfula Omhlophe waphoqeleka. Manje i-Ufa isibe yi-springboard yokuqhubeka phambili kwamaReds empumalanga.

Njengoba amaChapayevites ayephambi kokuhlaselwa, bekungowokuqala ukuwela i-White, empeleni bezungezwe. Yena ngokwakhe walimala ekhanda, kodwa waqhubeka eyala, ngokuqondile phakathi kwamasosha akhe. Eceleni kwakhe kwakunguMikhail Frunze. Empi enenkani, i-Red Army yashaya umgwaqo ngaphandle komgwaqo. Kukholelwa ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi lowo Mhlophe uzimisele ukuphula labo abaphikisana nakho okuthiwa ukuhlasela kwe-psychic. Lesi siqephu sakha isisekelo sesinye sezigcawu ezidume kakhulu zefilimu yamahlelo "Chapayev".

Ukufa

Ukuze ukunqoba e-Ufa Vasily Chapayev bathole i- Order ye-Red Banner. Ehlobo, yena nesigaba sakhe bavikela izindlela zeVolga. UNachdiv waba omunye wamaBolshevik wokuqala ukuzithola eSamara. Ngokuhlanganyela kwakhe ngokuqondile, leli dolobha elibaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni lithathwe futhi lakhishwa izingodo.

Ekuqaleni kwekwindla yaseChapaev kwakuseMfuleni waseUral. NgoSepthemba 5, ngenkathi eseLbischensk kanye nabasebenzi bakhe, yena kanye nesigaba sakhe bahlaselwa ngokungalindelekile yiCossacks emhlophe. Kwakuyisibindi esikhulu, isisulu esikhulu isitha, esihlelwe nguGeneral Nikolai Borodin. Umgomo wokuhlaselwa kwaba ngezindlela eziningi uChapayev ngokwakhe, owaphenduka ikhanda elingenangqondo labamhlophe. Empi elandelayo, u-starter wabulawa.

Ngokwesiko lamaSoviet kanye nenkulumo-ze ye-Chapaev yaba ngumlingiswa oyingqayizivele ngokuthandwa. Umnikelo omkhulu ekudalweni kwalesi sithombe wenziwe yifilimu yabazalwane baseVasilyev, abathandwa uStalin. Ngo-1974, indlu lapho uVasily Ivanovich Chapaev azalwa khona yaphenduka waba yindawo yakhe yokugcina imvelo. Izindawo eziningi zibizwa nge-nachdiv.