Imitha Ibanga emhlabathini. Izindlela sokulinganisa ibanga

Ibanga nesilinganiso - omunye imisebenzi eyisisekelo kakhulu geodesy. Kunezindlela ezahlukene yokulinganisa ibanga kanye inqwaba amathuluzi eklanyelwe uzifeze lezi imisebenzi. Ngakho, sicabanga ngale ndaba ngokuningiliziwe.

ibanga okuqondile nesilinganiso indlela

Uma kudingeka ukunquma ibanga into phezu umugqa oqondile futhi endaweni iyatholakala cwaningo, usebenzisa idivayisi lelula sokulinganisa ibanga njengoba steel tape. ubude bayo - kusuka amamitha ayishumi kuya kwangamashumi amabili. Nokho ingasetshenziswa intambo noma ngocingo, ne mshini ezimhlophe futhi zibomvu ezimbili eziyishumi amamitha. Lapho udinga ukukala izinto curvilinear esetshenziswa ubudala kanye owaziwa imitha ezimbili abahlukanisi sokhuni (kungamafathomu) noma, njengoba balibiza ngokuthini, "Kovylek". Ngesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka ukwenza izilinganiso kwangaphambilini ukunemba eseduze. Yenta loku ngu yokulinganisa izinyathelo ibanga (izinyathelo ezimbili kokubala alinganayo wokulinganisa ukukhula lokususa 10 noma 20 cm).

Ukulinganisa amabanga phansi ukude

Endabeni ekutholeni into nesilinganiso wohlu emehlweni, kodwa khona nezingqinamba ezingaphezu kwamandla abo, okwenza kwaba nzima ukufinyelela ngqo into (isib emachibini, emifuleni, emaxhaphozini, imihosha, njll) kusetshenziswa ibanga nesilinganiso indlela akude ezibukwayo, ikakhulukazi izindlela, njengoba kungekho kukhona izinhlobonhlobo eziningana:

1. High-ngokunemba izilinganiso.
2. izilinganiso okuphansi wamanje noma eseduze.

Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka zihlanganisa nesilinganiso esebenzisa amadivayisi ekhethekile, njengemishado optical ububanzi uzitholele, telemeter kagesi noma elekthronikhi, ukukhanya noma laser uhla uzitholele kusuke, ultrasonic ububanzi uzitholele. Uhlobo lwesibili kuhlanganisa yokulinganisa indlela efana geometry ezibukwayo. Lapha nokuzimisela ibanga ukusuka usayizi emincane lezinto, futhi ukwakhiwa onxantathu alinganayo-angled, futhi indlela serifs ngqo nezinye izindlela eziningi weJiyomethri. Cabangela ezinye izindlela ephezulu ngokunemba kanye izilinganiso eseduze.

I-optical imitha ibanga

izilinganiso okunjalo amabanga kuze milimitha eseduze eyamukelekayo kudingeka njalo. Kakade, akekho izivakashi, akukho intelligence wezempi ngeke athwale izinto jikelele futhi ezisindayo. Ikakhulu bajwayele ngesikhathi wezokwakha professional kanye nomsebenzi wokwakha. Okuvamise ukusetshenziswa nedivaysi enjalo sokulinganisa ibanga njengenhlangano rangefinder optical. Kungaba kokubili njalo futhi variable engela Parallax nokujamela umlomo wombhobho ukuze theodolite ezivamile.

Izilinganiso zakhiwe mpo futhi enezingqimba wokulinganisa induku kokuba isethaphu ezingeni ekhethekile. Ukunemba ezifana izilinganiso rangefinder sezingeni eliphezulu futhi iphutha singafinyelela ukubaluleka 1: 2000. Ibanga nesilinganiso incane futhi kufana phakathi kuphela 20 futhi kuze kube 200-300 amamitha.

Kagesi kanye laser rangefinder

I kagesi imitha ibanga kungokwalabo okuthiwa hlobo amadivayisi ungacabanganga, ukunemba ukulinganisa kubhekwa nesiphambeko isilinganiso ungaba phakathi 1.2 kanye 2 amamitha. Kodwa lezi amadivaysi abe inzuzo enkulu phezu nozakwabo optical, njengoba ekahle ekutholeni ibanga phakathi izinto ezinyakazayo. Amayunithi ebanga zingase esibaliwe amamitha kanye amakhilomitha, ngakho avame ukusetshenziswa ekufezeni zasemoyeni.

Ngokuqondene rangefinder laser, uklanyelwe ukukala amabanga akuzona lilikhulu kakhulu, ine ukunemba okuphezulu futhi icwecwe kakhulu. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi yesimanje ephathekayo laser wokulinganisa tape. Lezi amadivayisi balinganise ukuya izinto at ibanga 20-30 metres uphinde uthele kancane kuze kube ngamamitha angu-200, kanye nephutha ezingekho ngaphezu 2-2.5 mm ubude.

ultrasonic Ibanga Measurer

Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu amadivaysi elula kakhulu user-friendly. Kulula futhi elula operation futhi libhekisela idivayisi akwazi ukukala ukuthi izixhumanisi emincane kwendawo kanye iphuzu eceleni Banikezwa sezwe. Noma kunjalo, ngaphandle izinzuzo ezisobala anakho kanye nebubi. Okokuqala, ngenxa ibanga elincane ibanga wokulinganisa amayunithi kule apharathasi kungenzeka ibalwa kuphela amayintshi namamitha - futhi kusukela amamitha 0.3 kuya ku-20. Futhi, ukunemba nesilinganiso kungenzeka kancane washintsha, kusukela umsindo ngesivinini transmission incike kwabantu naphakathi, njengoba yaziwa, akukwazi njalo. Nokho, kule divayisi uphelele izilinganiso okusheshayo encane angadingi ngokunemba high.

izindlela-Jomethri sokulinganisa amabanga by iso

Ngenhla asebenzelana ngayo ngendlela professional ukukala amabanga. Futhi yini okufanele uyenze, lapho isandla kungekho imitha ethize ibanga? Nangu eza ukusiza geometry. Ngokwesibonelo, ukumeda ububanzi umgoqo amanzi, kungenzeka ukwakhela yayo yasebhange ezimbili onxantathu equilateral kwesokudla, njengoba kuboniswe kulo mdwebo.

Kulokhu, lo AF emfuleni ububanzi ilingana DE-BF engeli ungakwazi ukuvumelanisa nge ikhampasi, amashidi sikwele ephepheni ngisho ne amagatsha ezifanayo zihlangene. Lapha, uma kuvela izinkinga.

Namanje kungenzeka ukukala ibanga elitsheni ngokusebenzisa isithiyo, usebenzisa indlela Jomethri futhi serifs oqondile bakha unxantathu wesokudla nge vertex phezu eziqondiwe ukukucaza kube amabili emaceleni. Kukhona indlela yokunquma ububanzi isithiyo usebenzisa insingo okulula utshani noma intambo, noma indlela yokusiza wamisa isithupha ...

It kuyafaneleka ukucabangela le ndlela kabanzi, ngoba iyona elula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi kwalo mngcele kuyakhethwa into sigqamile (qiniseka ukwazi eseduze ukuphakama kwalo), omunye neso ivaliwe futhi into ekhethiwe eyabangela ephakanyiswe isithupha ingalo. Khona-ke, ngaphandle oqeda umunwe wakho, vala amehlo evulekile bese uvula avaliwe. Umunwe uphendulela maqondana kwento ekhethiwe ushukumiseleka ukuba ohlangothini. Kususelwa ukuphakama elilinganisiwe kuncike, bangaki amamitha uhanjiswe umunwe uye wathuthela ongaboni. Le libanga iyanda yi eziyishumi, futhi umphumela uba ububanzi esikiselwayo isithiyo. Kulokhu, lo muntu yena selivela stereophotogramrnetrical imitha ibanga.

ibanga-Jomethri yokulinganisa ngezindlela eziningi. Yini ongayitshela mayelana nemininingwane ngayinye, kuzothatha isikhathi esiningi. Kodwa zonke ayalinganiselwa futhi kuphela ezifanelekela izimo lapho nesilinganiso eqondile zomculo akunakwenzeka.