Civil Code: kuvikelwe ingcebo

Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo of ubudlelwano emakethe eRussia bavunyelwe kancane kancane ukwandisa kwenkululeko eyohlinzwa ezinjalo, ibe yisibambiso ingcebo. Kuyini lokhu indlela? Indlela yokufaka isicelo ngendlela efanele? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo neminye zizonikezwa ngemuva kwalokhu.

abatshelekayo: umqondo

On endaweni Russian Federation, omunye ngemva komunye lokufeza yizinguquko kwezomnotho. Imakethe iba engazinzile, ngakho abanamacala ezingasho abakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezibopho zabo. Kulesi simo, nanoma yimuphi umbolekisi bangazuza kakhulu ngendlela iziqinisekiso kungenzeka. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona umbuzo okunengqondo ukuthi kungaba ngenxa isiqinisekiso. Njengoba udaba lwabo futhi silungise? Izinketho lapha empeleni eziningi. Omunye wabo aqambe imininingwane kancane ngaphezulu: it is kuvikelwe ingcebo.

Isifungo ingcebo - inqubo ebaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni emakethe. Kuyasiza qualitatively umfutho emsebenzini utshalomali nxazonke ibhizinisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngempumelelo uvikela izintshisekelo ayemkweleta. Kulokhu, mortgages - ke nje ithuluzi ukusiza ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo yomuntu obolekisayo.

Cishe nomhlaba ophucukile wonke isikhathi eside, futhi okwenza umkhuba nge nesivumelwano sokubolekwa kuvikelwe ingcebo. IRussia hhayi emuva, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kukhona eyinkimbinkimbi okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nesikhathi inqubo yokubhalisa. Kulokhu, abantu abakweletwayo ngalesi simo kuvikelwe ingcebo inzuzo kakhulu. Nazi ezinye izizathu:

• Intengo Impahla kwanda isikhathi;
• intengo ingcebo kuphezulu kakhulu futhi kukhona ingozi ukulahleka;
• ingcebo akunakwenzeka ukuba zinyamalale endaweni ethile noma ilahleke.

Umqondo mortgage

Uma sikhuluma emkhakheni kwezomnotho, loan kuvikelwe ingcebo ibizwa ngokuthi i-mortgage. Kukhona imiqondo emibili eyinhloko mortgage:

• Ubuhlobo Mortgage. Lona isiqinisekiso ingcebo (umhlaba, izindlu, zokuhlala nokunye. D.), kabani umgomo ukuthatha imalimboleko umbolekisi (loan).
• Mortgage njengoba ezokuphepha. Kulokhu sikhuluma bengatshelekwa ekhethekile - ngezinsimbi izikweletu ukuhlangabezana amalungelo ayemkweleta ukuze impahla ngaphansi lien.

Okwamanje eRussia usebenza izikweletu ezimbili elawula senzo ngamasimu ingcebo. Umthetho wokuqala - kuyinto zoMthetho Federal "Ngo-mortgage kwempahla engagudluki", owesibili - umthetho "Ngo-mortgage". Kuzo zombili imibhalo ngokwayo ikhuluma ngokubukeka ngesidingo sokugcina inani lalezi zimbali, ebekiwe inkontileka imali-mboleko noma ukuqasha. Lezi ukufaka zihlanganisa indawo yokuhlala, i-inadmissibility lokulimaza impahla, inqubo ukuthengwa nokudayiswa nabanye. Faka futhi izenzakalo ezivelele ukuthi kungenzeka baneqhaza inkontileka ka-mortgage. Lokhu kuhlanganisa zonke izinhlobo amabhizinisi, umhlaba, emafulethini noma emizini, emagalaji, kanye nemikhumbi (ulwandle noma emoyeni).

Kufanele futhi sikhulume mayelana nezici main kanye nobudlelwane mortgage. Civil Code, zoMthetho Federal "Ngo-mortgage kwempahla engagudluki ', kanye nemithetho ku mortgage kukhona amaphuzu alandelayo lapha:

• Waqaphela mortgage (njengoba zomthetho ubuhlobo) isibambiso impahla.
• Credit ku mortgage uhlelo ikhishwa enqunyelwe isikhathi - ngokuvamile 15 kuya eminyakeni engu-35.
• Kuvikelwe yi- ingcebo okweletayo kumele ube mortgage isikhathi sakho esigcwele.
• Zonke eseduze inqubo ubunikazi kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngesisekelo umthetho eseduze (Civil Code).
• Inqubo ephelele Kwenziwa ekhethekile mortgage amabhange ukuthi ngokukhethekile abatshelekayo.

Isivumelwano se-eseduze ingcebo

Yini okufanele zifakwe nesivumelwano sokubolekwa nge isibambiso ingcebo? Impendulo yalo mbuzo anganikeza, futhi, kuphela Russian Civil Code.

Mortgage umbolekisi uzovuma isakhamuzi imalimboleko. Mortgage ungenisa wonke amaphepha adingekayo, kubandakanya incwadi ebalulekile kakhulu - inkontileka ka yisibambiso impahla. Into yokuqala ukuba uqaphele isihloko idokhumenti. Isihloko kungaba noma ikuphi ingcebo, futhi ukubhaliswa ngokomthetho we elihambisana zonke izinto Russian Civil Code. Kuvikelwe yi- ingcebo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, sihilela izinqubo ezikhethekile kokuhlaziywa. Sikhuluma izinto ezisohlwini inkontileka, okumele abe ukuhlolwa okukhethekile zezimali. Kuphela ngenxa yaleli izinto kuyoba uketshezi. Kugcine, kuwufanele ukubalula lapha - yisidingo ebhekiwe kwezomnotho we umboleki.

Uma isivumelwano kuphothulwe futhi uqala ukusebenza, akunakwenzeka ukuba achibiyele ke. Lo mthetho sisungula "uMthetho mortgage kwempahla engagudluki ', kanye enika izikwelede ekhethekile. Esikhathini esiyiminyaka kokubhaliswa idokhumenti kusengenzeka ukuthi ingasebenza modified. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka wenze isivumelwano esikhethekile (ukwenaba ngemininingwane enika izikwelede uqobo).

Isivumelwano kufanele lwentiwe e amakhophi amane: ebhange, ummeli olungisa izivumelwano, ama-mortgagor nezinye iziphathimandla kokubhalisa. Ekugcineni, okuqukethwe mbhalo kumele ibukeke lokhu:

• ulwazi mayelana nalesi impahla, engaphansi isibambiso;
• Ukulinganisa sendaba impahla ndaba;
• izinsuku, amanani nosayizi yesigungu;
• ulwazi mayelana okweletayo kanye ayemkweleta;
• Ulwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokwengeziwe into eyisibambiso.

Uma ukubhaliswa yesivumelwano usuphothuliwe, bayongena ubuhlobo amandla mortgage.

Umthetho mayelana eseduze efomini kwempahla engagudluki

Umthetho Russian samuva nje sichaza zonke kunesidingo amalungiselelo, imigomo kanye nemigomo ephathelene uhlelo izibambiso. Zonke ezicashile ulawulwa the Civil Code, imithetho ehlukahlukene kahulumeni kanye nemitheshwana. Ngokusho Ingxenye 4 Article 15 soMthethosisekelo, uma kwenzeka eziphikisanayo kungenzeka oshayiwe Russian nge izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe ku igunya kuzoba isivumelwano samazwe.

Umthetho kufanele ibe inkomba ukuqala isinyathelo i isibopho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele ngokucacile ohlwini impahla esemqoka ukuthi ngamasimu. Endabeni mortgage loans, njengoba umthetho, noma yiluphi uhlobo impahla, okungase ilahlwe ngokuhambisana nomthetho ofanele. Impahla eqenjini (ezivamile) ubunikazi angadluliselwa ibheyili kuphela ngenkululeko kuzo zonke abanikazi.

Civil Code ubeka kungenzeka ukwanelisana abakweletwayo kuphela senkantolo, futhi senkokhelo egcwele yonke ukubaluleka kwengosi kuba izibambiso. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi kungase share isibambiso isinyathelo okweletayo elizosetshenziswa kuphela izinkantolo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ezimweni lapho indawo okweletayo sika asikasethwa: kulesi simo, umbolekisi ithumela isaziso inkantolo, futhi iziphathimandla ezifanele uqale search imisebenzi.

Into yokugcina Kuhle kokusho ukuthi kungenzeka icala bobabili. kungaba Izizathu lapha ezahlukene kakhulu: isibonelo, uma aphelelwe yisikhathi ingcebo eseduze, kukhona izinkinga kanye imibhalo, nokunye ..

izidingo Collateral

Isiphetho inkontileka ingcebo eseduze phakathi kwabantu - kuba njalo uma ekhethekile yesivumelwano mortgage. idokhumenti okunjalo wukuqinisekisa ukuthi kwezibopho kunoma imuphi umsebenzi. Ngokuvamile kuba nesivumelwano sokubolekwa. Kuyini lonke leli qhinga? Ngokuvamile, ngale ndlela:

• izakhamuzi ezimbili zingena nesivumelwano sokubolekwa imali ngemuva kokuthola omunye wabo isizumbulu semali.
• Okweletayo uzakwenzela isibambiso umbolekisi ngesimo impahla engenakususwa.
• Ekugcineni, isikweletu noma wabuya noma umbolekisi aholele foreclose impahla ngamasimu.

Uma kuziwa izinhlangano ezingokomthetho, kubalulekile ukuba asuke mortgage "ozimele". Kungaba khona umthombo ezinye uhlobo ukuthenga kwemali, kusobala ukuthi uhlobo oluthile impahla, njalo njalo. D. Ngokushesha kuyafaneleka ukuthi inkontileka ingcebo eseduze phakathi izinhlangano njalo kuyahluka kuphela imali yokubhalisa isimo. Ngakho-ke, ngo-2017 umuntu ukunikeza ayizinkulungwane 2. Ruble. Kodwa ukubhaliswa ngokomthetho inhlangano ingcebo eseduze (intela nesimo) izobiza angaba yizinkulungwane 23. Ruble.

Okudingekayo ukuze impahla sizibophezele ukuthi ngokomzimba, okuyinto cishe njalo abantu zomthetho okufanayo. Kukhona amaphuzu alandelayo:

• Impahla, engaphansi isibambiso unika umbolekisi ilungelo uthole imbuyiselo ezikweletini kusukela ukuqhutshwa ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi, okuyinto akhiwa kokudayiswa izibambiso.
• Ibheyili elinikezwayo kanye naye umuntu wesithathu, hhayi abahileleke ngokuqondile inkontileka. Nokho, lo muntu kumelwe aqiniseke ukuthi ziyagcwaliseka izibopho zabo njengoba umboleki.
• Ukuphatha kanye nokusebenzisa impahla ngamasimu inikeza kuphela umboleki.

Foreclose impahla ngamasimu

Ulwazi mayelana nokuvikeleka ingcebo, ngenhla, bakhomba ukuthi kungenzeka mortgagor ukuze foreclose ku impahla ngaphansi lien. Manje kusobala afanekisela isimo umniningwane elengeziwe.

Into yokuqala Kuhle kokusho ilungile ayemkweleta ukuze alulame ngosizo kokubili indlela zokwahlulela non-zokwahlulela. Kunoma ikuphi, izizathu isijeziso ezimweni zombili ziyafana. Lezi zihlanganisa kwalezi zimo:

• Ukwahluleka okweletayo (mortgagor) izibopho zayo ngesikhathi noma ekugcwalisekeni ongaphelele nezibopho zabo.
• Kweleti akakunikanga isaziso kwelifa loonyana isihloko yisibambiso besithathu (lena, isibonelo, indawo yokuhlala, noma ukusetshenziswa impilo yonke ngofuzo, easement, njll D.). Ngomqondo onabile, uma kwakungenzeka ukuba okweletayo akazange uhlupho ukwazisa ngento umbolekisi ezibalulekile wafihla esithile, lo pledgee unelungelo ukuqala inqubo izinyathelo zomthetho.
• Kweleti iphule umthetho ukusetshenziswa kwempahla, hhayi sekuyinto izinyathelo ezidingekile ukulondolozwa kwalo; uma kwaba khona ingozi ukulahleka into ubudlelwane mortgage - kuba iphutha pledgor.

Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, pledgee ungaqala isigwebo futhi izindlela extra-zokwahlulela. Nokho, kulesi simo sikhuluma ingcebo eseduze Isivumelwano phakathi izinhlangano ezingokomthetho. Umuntu ngokomzimba uyakuyikhazimulisa zisebenze ezinkantolo (njengoba umthetho, inkantolo wesifunda indawo ingcebo sika). Kuphela kuleli cala uzobe qualitatively waphawula isimiso yomthetho okukhethekile livikeleke Ikhodi of Civil Inqubo ye Russian Federation.

YeKambiso inqubo yibhange

District Court, ukuthatha amaphepha adingekayo, wenze isinqumo esifanele ku nokuvulwa impahla ngamasimu. Kulesi sinqumo, amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele ngokucacile:

• Inani ukuthi okweletayo kumele bakhokhe ukuze mortgagee yakhe.
• ukuhlonza egcwele impahla engenakususwa, kunikeza ibheyili, okuyinto foreclosed (ikheli, inombolo cadastral, endaweni, ukubhaliswa isimo ingcebo eseduze sivumelwano, nokunye. D.).
• Inqubo ekuqalisweni kokusebenza impahla ngamasimu.
• Okuncane kokuqala yokutakula intengo.
• Uhlu amasu kanye izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze alondoloze impahla engenakususwa noma ukuba baphathe kahle abathengisa.

Ingabe enkantolo sokuvuma nkululeko ukuze okweletayo? Impendulo ingu-yebo. Isandiso kungase kube ubuningi unyaka owodwa. Kulokhu, isibambiso akufanele kube yinto imisebenzi zebhizinisi okweletayo. Phakathi ukubambezeleka le mortgagor ukufeza zonke izibopho zayo njengoba nakwabangenangqondo: sokukhokha imali ebolekiwe, inzalo kanye nezinhlawulo (okuyinto ngenhlanhla esingashintshi kuze kufinyelelwe esikhathini uzobambezeleka kuphela buthelela). Isandiso elinikezwayo uma umbolekisi ungaphakathi nezingcindezi zezimali noma esimweni lapho omunye amaqembu ikontraga yazibiza ungeke uzithole usuwile.

okunothando Worth futhi Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu lapho inkantolo ungenqaba alulame pledgee. Lokhu kuhlanganisa kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• Inani malini izibopho sekwephuzile kuyinto angaphansi kwamaphesenti amahlanu inani impahla, kunikeza sebheyili.
• Isikhathi kubambezeleka esingaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu.

Futhi lokho kuyinto inqubo-non-zokwahlulela Ukuvalwa? Ukusetshenziswa Its kungenzeka kuphela kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• Amaqembu ayesenze inkontileka notarial ingcebo izibambiso.
• I Ukuvalwa impahla ngamasimu inikeza notaries kunokuba ezinkantolo.

Akuvunyelwe non-zokwahlulela Ukuvalwa inqubo kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• umnikazi we impahla ngamasimu ungumuntu wemvelo;
• okweletayo akakwazi ukuthola enye;
• ezinye izinkontileka mortgage ababulawa;
• impahla walala mortgagees amaningi;
• the eseduze kuyinto umhlaba wokulima;
• the eseduze - emagugu emasiko.

Idiphozithi ngesakhiwo

Russian umthetho uthi ayikho neyodwa iyiphi impahla - kungaba indlu, ibhilidi noma isakhiwo - kufanele banikezwe ibheyili kuphela ngokuhlangana ne ezweni. Kuyadingeka Yiqiniso, obunikazi egcwele umbolekisi umhlaba uma impahla namanje "flow kude" kusukela okweletayo. Kulokhu, kukhona ilungelo okuthiwa "Asebenzisa" we pledgor izwe elanikezwa inkonzo mortgagee (umbolekisi). Kodwa lokhu okweletayo kumele ukukholisa umbolekisi ukukufaka isivumelwano ezimbalwa kuphela iziza.

Esimweni esinjalo akanayo sokukhathazeka nabaqashi: Bayokwazi kwenkululeko egcwele yamalungelo impahla emva ukudluliswa ephelele impahla ngamasimu yomuntu obolekisayo.

Mortgage komhlaba

Kufanele ekugcineni baphendukele zoMthetho Federal № 102 "Ngo-mortgage", okungukuthi isahluko yakhe lesishiyagalolunye. Ulwazi oluqukethwe kulesi sikweletu kuzosiza ukwakha isithombe anokuhambisana kakhudlwana futhi ephelele ubuhlobo izibambiso.

Isigaba 62 isitshela indaba ezindaweni eziningana indawo, osebenza njengokuvimbelayo mortgage zomthetho mayelana nale ndaba. Ngakho, sikhuluma ngokukhethekile mayelana amasayithi okungewakho abaphathi bakaMasipala noma federal uhulumeni. Iinhlokwezi zihlukaniseke kubhekwe izinjongo zifake ubudlelwane zomthetho kuphela kwemvume neziphathimandla zendawo.

Futhi lapho ngokunika ukubolekisa kuvikelwe ingcebo akunakwenzeka? Article 63 unikeza isibonelo eziningi iziza lapho awekho ngaphansi ubudlelwane mortgage. Ingabe yisiphi isimo noma kamasipala endaweni (ngaphandle inikezwe yiSigaba 62). Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto of ubudlelwano mortgage akakwazi ukukhonza ezindaweni, ogama endaweni ingaphansi ubuncane lomthetho.

Isigaba 65 ulawula ithuba ukwakha mortgagor zonke izinhlobo izakhiwo, izakhiwo noma izakhiwo ku sezwe elise isibambiso. Ngakho, okweletayo unelungelo ukwenza endaweni etshalwe afuna, kodwa kuphela uma esinjalo kungavunyelwa isivumelwano nezivumelwano. Kodwa kukhona esinye kwalokho ezibalulekile. Ngakho, uma mortgagor oyokwakha ngesakhiwo esabekwa into ezokwenza kakhulu ukugxambukela umbolekisi, lona wamuva ngeke alufanelekele owafuna izinguquko inkontileka mortgage.

Ukuthola Passive Income

Sesikubonile kakade wabonisa amaphuzu ayinhloko uma usebenzisa izakhamuzi ngamasimu izakhiwo bayakwazi imali yekwentiwa. Manje kusobala ukufanekisa Esimweni esinjalo kancane xaxa.

Le nguqulo ethandwa iningi inzuzo yibhange - kuyinto ukuqasha. Kodwa lapha kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi irenti wathola yayihamba ngokugcwele mortgage, izintela kanye nezindleko yesondlo. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ekugcineni kufanele zinganyakazi nakancane futhi inzuzo. Indlela yokutshala ezimweni ezinjalo? Noma kunjalo, isimo sinzima kakhulu. Inketho engcono lapha is klamo abatshelekayo. Le nqubo ivumela kakhulu ukwandisa isibalo ukutshalwa; Nokho, kuleli cala, zikhule futhi inzuzo. Uma ukubaluleka ukwanda utshalomali - ukuthi ukuboleka imali bengatshelekwa, impahla eyengeziwe lutholwa. Esikhathini esizayo, ungakwazi ukwandisa futhi ubukhulu ngeminikelo yabo. Inkinga lapha kungase kube eyodwa kuphela - ". Ikude kakhulu" ikhono ukuze wathumba Ngakho, kudingeka kahle nje ukubala zonke izinketho nezingozi. Noma kunjalo, ithuba lokuya nokutshala izimali alinamali ingcebo ezimweni ezinjalo likhulu kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi ezimbi izinto ngezindleko falling of mortgage ukutshalwa kwezimali. Kulokhu, izikweletu eqala ukukhula kakhulu, futhi obala engozini yokudlula izinto zenani babelwe abatshelekayo.

Yisiphi isiphetho kungenziwa lapha? Umsebenzi wokukhiqiza imali yekwentiwa kanye yibhange kukhona ngendlela emangalisayo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi voluminous. Zibandakanye enjalo kungaba abantu enomdlandla, siyalwe kanzima kakhulu futhi nesineke.