Ukulimala kokuziphatha kuhlolwa kanjani? Ukuvuselelwa kokulimala okungekho okungokoqobo

Ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo ezinkantolo ukuze uthole isinxephezelo, kutuswa ukuba uzijwayele ngombuzo wokuthi yimuphi umonakalo wokuziphatha. Indlela yokuyihlola? Isigaba 151 soMthetho Wezombusazwe we-Russian Federation sakha amalungelo omuntu ngale ndlela yokuvikela. Umthetho unquma izinhlobo zokulimala kanye nenqubo yokubuyisela igama elihle lomhlukumezi.

Amaphuzu avelele

ENtshonalanga, igama elithi "ukulimala kokuziphatha" kuvame ukusetshenziswa. Indlela yokuhlola inani lemali isinxephezelo, izothuthukisa noma yimuphi umuntu osemthethweni ngokomthetho. Ukungafani okuphawulekayo kule ndawo kubonakala eRussian Federation, njengoba izakhamizi zethu zingenandaba nokuvikela abantu bazo.

Izenzo zomthetho ezweni zikhona isikhathi eside, udinga nje ukufunda ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani ngokufanele. Ngaphansi kwe-Code Civil, abantu banelungelo (umbhalo uchaziwe eSahlukweni 8, Ingxenye 1). Abameli abanokuhlangenwe nakho bahlale bekulungele ukusiza lo muntu emgwaqeni ukuthi abone ukuthi isisulu sinelungelo lokuthola isinxephezelo.

Umthetho uchaza ukuhlupheka komzimba nokwengqondo komuntu ngokuthi "ukulimala kokuziphatha". Indlela yokuyihlola, ekhonjisiwe ku-art article. 150 GK. Lapho, isimo sokuqala sichazwa: amalungelo omuntu kufanele aphulwe ngokwenza izenzo ezingamanga zomuntu ongaphandle. Ukulimala kwezimpahla ezingabonakali kuyasebenza nasekulimazeni , njengoba kuboniswe ku-Article 151 ye-Civil Code ye-Russian Federation.

Yini okufanele ngiyenze ukuze ngiqale?

Izizathu zokuqedela isicelo enkantolo zithathwa yizimo ezilandelayo:

• Lapho kuboniswa ehhovisi legqwetha, isimo samanje sesisulu siqhathaniswa nezenzo ezijwayelekile. Ngaphambi kwezigwegwe zokwahlulela kunikezwa ukuhlukaniswa kwezenzo zommangalelwa.
• Ngomonakalo ongenhloso, isisusa sezenzo ezenziwe kahle sivezwe.
• Izingozi zivame ukuholela ekulimazeni ngokokuziphatha, kodwa izinqubo ezinjalo zibonisa ukuthi ziphikisana. Izingozi zommangalelwa ukwehluleka, ngenxa yokuthi kuzodingeka akhokhe izindleko.
• Sidinga ubufakazi obuningi bokuthi ummangalelwa unecala.
• Futhi, ummangalelwa uthola ubufakazi obukhona bokulimala kokuziphatha: izibhedlela zesibhedlela, ukuvakashela emitholampilo, ubufakazi bezinye, uhlu lwezokwelashwa kwemithi.

Incazelo yokuqukethwe

Ngakho-ke, ake sichaze ngokuningiliziwe umqondo "wokulimala kokuziphatha". Indlela yokuyihlola ngomthetho? Sinikeza izizathu zokuvela kwelungelo lokuthola isinxephezelo. Ekuhluphekeni komuntu okubangelwa izenzo zabangaphandle, babhekisela esimweni esibi, ehambisana nokuhlazeka, intukuthelo, imizwa, umuzwa wokuhlazeka.

Ugcizelela amaphuzu abalulekile ekunqumeni umonakalo:

• Umthelela omubi empilweni yomuntu.
• Ukwephulwa kwamalungelo omthethosisekelo: inkululeko yokuhamba, izenzo ezihlambalaza udumo nesithunzi sesakhamuzi, ukwephulwa kwe-copyright.
• Ukungenelela empilweni yangasese, ukusakaza ulwazi lwamanga ngesakhamuzi.
• Ukuxoshwa kwenkululeko yomuntu kanye nomuzi wakhe.
• Ukulimala ngemuva kokuba ulwazi lomuntu siqu lwesiguli lusakazwa udokotela oya khona.
• Ukuncintisana kwempahla nezinzuzo ezingekho kwempahla, okuholela emiphumeleni emibi empilweni yomuntu: ingqondo nengokwenyama.

Isihlukumezi yena kanye nabamele bakhe banelungelo lokukhalaza enkantolo. Amaqembu athakazelisayo afaka isicelo senxephezelo ngisho nangemva kokufa kwesisulu. Ngakho, izihlobo zibuyisela igama elihle lomuntu oshonile, uma abantu abalahlayo benza isenzo esingekho emthethweni ngokungemthetho.

Imiphi imithetho elawula amalungelo abantu?

Ikhodi Yeziphambeko Zokuphatha ZaseRussian Federation, Isigaba 4.7, sakha umthwalo wemfanelo ngemuva kwengozi. Ukuvuselelwa kokulimala kokuziphatha kubhekwa yinkantolo kanye nezinsolo eziqondene nommeli. Kodwa umsebenzi wehhovisi ungenziwa ngenqubo ehlukile.

I-Articles ye-Civil Code ifakwe isicelo esithile. Ngokusho kuka-Art. Ikhodi yomndeni engu-30, ebeka izizathu zokuvimbela umshado, ungacela isinxephezelo sokulimala okubonakalayo nokuziphatha okuvela kulowo oshade naye. Umthetho wesifundazwe usiza ukubuyisela kummangalelwa ngenxa yokwephulwa kwezimo ezinjalo:

• Emkhakheni wokukhangisa nokuvikelwa kwedatha yomuntu siqu;
• Phakathi nemisebenzi yokuvimbela izenzo zobuphekula;
• Emshwalense wokuphila nempahla;
• Emkhakheni wamalungelo abantwana;
• Emkhakheni wezokuvakasha;
• Ekuvikeleni kwamalungelo abathengi kanye nomthelela empilweni yomuntu wemidiya enkulu.

Futhi ekuchazeni ukulimala kokuziphatha kungabamba iqhaza ezihlokweni zeKhodi Yezabasebenzi kanye neKhodi YeNqubo Yezobugebengu.

Inqubo yokufaka isicelo enkantolo

Gcwalisa isicelo sokulimala kokuziphatha kangcono emva kwengxoxo yomuntu yenkinga nomhlukumezi. Ukuxazulula izigwegwe ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kusiza ukugcina isikhathi nezindleko zokwahlulela. Zonke izici ezingalungile kumele zizame ukuveza ukuqonda komphikisi.

Zonke izinyathelo zihambisana nokukhishwa kwamadokhumenti ngokubhala, umhlukumezi uthatha izincazelo ngesignesha nosuku. Kumele ziqukathe izizathu zokwenqaba isinxephezelo noma umhlangano. Isiphakamiso sokulungiswa kokuqala kwesilingo senziwe ngencwadi ethunyelwe ngeposi.

Azikho umonakalo ongokomthetho wenxephezelo yomthetho, lolu lwazi luchazwe ku-Article 208, isigaba 1 se-Civil Code ye-Russian Federation. Isimangalo sithunyelwa egunyeni lezokwehlulela endaweni yokuhlala nomhlukumezi, kodwa uma umonakalo ubhekwa njengobangelwa ubugebengu, leli phepha kumele lithunyelwe enkantolo yesifunda. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, kuzodingeka ukhokhe imali yombuso.

Sibala inani lemangalo

Inkokhelo ibalwa yinkantolo ngokuhambisana nomthetho okwamanje osebenzayo, ayikucabangi ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa kwesenzo esingekho emthethweni. Inani elilimalayo lokulimala kokuziphatha lilinganiselwe futhi alidluli imali engama-720 encane. Labo abaphikisi abacebisi ngezenzo zomthetho, inani lemali lisungulwa ngokusho komqondo. Okusho ukuthi, umphumela ulingana nomonakalo okwenziwe.

INkantolo igxila esimweni sombuso wommangalelwa. Uma engakwazi ukukhokha i-akhawunti enikezwe yona, ke, eqondiswa ukuqonda, ngokuvamile anganqabela ukukhokhela. Okushiwo isimo somzimba sokuhlukumeza:

• Ukukhubazeka;
• Ubudala;
• Ukukhulelwa;
• Ukuzethemba.

Okuhlukile komphumela wecala

Ekulingweni kuvame ukuphakamisa inkinga yokuxazulula umhlaba wonke. Ukubuyiswa kokulimala kwempahla kusungulwa ngokuvumelana nezifiso zommangali kanye nemvume yommangalelwa. Kodwa uma inkantolo ithola ukwephulwa komthetho, ingase ingavumi isinqumo.

Ukuqedwa kokuqala kokukhiqizwa kwenziwa emva kokuvuma kokubili. Ukuhlala ngokuthula kungabandakanyi isimangalo sesibili esivela kumuntu ohlukumezekile, okuzuzisa kumenzi wobugebengu. Ngenxa yenkambiso, kwenziwa isinqumo senkantolo, esingasinselelwa esikhathini esinqunyiwe. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto ezimbili ezihlukile: izimo ezithandwa ngummangali ziye zashintsha, noma inkantolo ikhiphe ukungabikho kwalolu daba.

Isicelo esiphenduliwe sinconywa ukuba sibhaliswe nommeli ukuze sicabangele konke okukhethwa kukho okuqhubekayo. Kungcono ukukhipha amaphutha azoholela ekudakeni okungadingekile nokulahlekelwa isikhathi. Phela, ummangalelwa angakwazi ukufaka icala lokumangalelwa ngamacala amanga.

Ukuvuselelwa ngemuva kwengozi yemoto

Ukubuyiselwa kokulimala kokuziphatha kungenzeka kuphela ngecala lesibonakaliso ngenxa yesenzo sokwephula umthetho. Ngakho, umonakalo emotweni uhlobene nokulimala komzimba. Ukuze ucabange ngalolu daba ngendlela engafaneleki, ummangali kufanele enze isenzo esibucayi kakhulu.

Ukulimaza impilo engqondweni nasemzimbeni kufanele kuboniswe ephepheni. Zonke iziphetho zenziwa ngumchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe ophethe ubufakazi ezikoleni zezokwelapha. Ukubalwa kwenani lesinxephezelo kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nokulimala komzimba futhi kusungulwa yinkantolo ngayinye ngenxa yezizathu zokulunga nokucabangela.

Ukuhlupheka ngokuziphatha kusho ukulimala okubangelwa yengozi. Lapha, inkantolo ibona umonakalo ngokushesha. Okuhlangenwe nakho kokuziphatha kwezindleko ezibonakalayo akungabazeki, futhi kuzodingeka sinikeze izizathu ezizwakalayo zokuthola isinxephezelo semali. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ijaji lingashiya ubufakazi ngamazwi, ngoba zonke izizathu kufanele zibhalwe.