Izithombe zobuKristu: imifanekiso kanye yamatshe. Iqhaza kobuKristu art

izithombe zobuKristu kuye kwafeza indima ebalulekile, ngoba kusukela buqala a imifanekiso eminengi zalotshwa, kanye yamatshe phezu zenkolo indaba ephathwayo. Umlando wamaKristu has eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili, ngesikhathi esifanayo ke ingenye izinkolo ezintathu zomhlaba. Wawunodonga umthelela omkhulu emhlabeni womuntu, ngoba sonke lesi sikhathi ukwakha inqwaba amasonto namathempeli emhlabeni wonke. Ukuze umhlobiso yabo wasebenza abaculi abaningi kakhulu, ngakho-ke ungakwazi kugcwale umlomo ukuthi inkolo kanye art kuthiwa kakhulu okwakuthandelene.

Western Art

Eqinisweni, ekusakazekeni kobuKristu zenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezihluke ku aseMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga, ngakho ngo-art kwakukhona abanye umehluko. Ngokwesibonelo, ubuKristu e-art kwemifanekiso yamatshe eNtshonalanga Yurophu wayebona isimo njengoba sinjalo ngaphezulu, abaculi lapho ayethanda ukunikeza indalo yabo ngezinga esiphezulu ukunemba.

Okunjalo kwaholela yokuthi i uhlobo olusha ngokuphelele yobuciko - Art Nova. It libhekene yokuthi uphawu uye kancane kancane abe isithombe esiphelele, kodwa nge zenkolo indaba ephathwayo, ngoba abadwebi wakhuluma indaba ivangeli, uzama ukubonisa ngokunembile zonke, ngisho nezinto ezincane.

Art Nova kanye uJan van Eyck

Ukuze art futhi othinte art entsha East Yurophu, lapho ngokubhala kwemifanekiso yamatshe isibe enembile nenkolo ezingaqondakali ncazelo. Kwakunjalo nangabaprofethi eNetherlands ngekhulu le-15. Umdwebi lokuqala abanquma iveza isithombe akuhlangene nenkolo, kwaba uJan van Eyck - azidalile isithombe Arnolfini.

Empeleni, kwaba intuthuko ngesikhathi, ngoba abantu ababoniswe imvelo kwansuku ngabo kuqala ngaphandle kokuhileleka enkolweni. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi ukwehlukana imiqondo ezifana inkolo kanye ubuciko, akunakwenzeka. Noma kunjalo, uma ubheka ukuthi izinhlamvu ozibona esithombeni, kungenzeka ukuba agcine khona uMoya oNgcwele yonke imininingwane wezangaphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngosuku we Iqhwa amakhandlela u ovuthayo, eyodwa kuphela - liwubufakazi ezingaqondakali, khona layo eliyimfihlakalo Arnolfini Igumbi abasanda kushada.

Lalifanekisela imifanekiso kanye yamatshe

Iqhaza ubuKristu ubuciko ayikwazi phansi, eqinisweni uye kwakheka lonke isiko emakhulwini eminyaka adlule bathonya yalelozwe of ovamile. Kulokhu, izithonjana ngokubhala isitayela yamatshe kancane eyinqaba, futhi ukuqonda ngabe yonke imininingwane kwakungenakwenzeka ukube bekungengenxa ye umqondo kwengqondo kanye izici isiko.

Kufanekisa kuyinto multilayered nenzima ngempela ukuqonda, ngoba kuhloswe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izilaleli akubonayo ngenkuthalo. Iconography - izithombe zobuKristu - is elifakwe ngokuphelele izimpawu, okuyizinto akulula ukuwuqonda, kumele bavisise ngezinga enembile.

sokuqonda izimpawu

Eqinisweni, uma sicabanga into evamile, uphawu ngokwayo iyoba "ebuka" kithi. Kunoma ikuphi, kufanele ucabangele zonke izimpawu lobuKristu, kanye canons, okuyinto walawula ubuciko Ephakathi. Befaka isicelo sokuphikisa isinqumo imizwa umuntu futhi enganakile yakhe, hhayi nje ukuba acabange. Kusukela amagugu uphawu eyodwa kungaba ambalwa, bese, ucabangela isithonjana Kufanele kukhethwe nguye ngeke kungqubuzana isitayela umoya ngenkathi, ngokulandelana kwezikhathi, kanye nesikhathi.

Ngokwesibonelo, uma sikhuluma izinombolo, inombolo 7 liwuphawu asibusise ngokuphelela nangokuphila ukuphelela senzo. Phela, kukhona amanothi eziyisikhombisa, izono ezinkulu eziyisikhombisa, izinsuku eziyisikhombisa ngesonto noma izimfanelo eziyisikhombisa.

Meaning of imibala imifanekiso kanye yamatshe

Uma sikhuluma imibala ezisetshenziswa ekulotshweni imifanekiso, nombala oluhlaza iwuphawu bemibuso ezingokomoya, eyimfihlakalo engaqondakali nolokwambulwa ukujula. umbala Golden njalo wabonakalisa ubukhazikhazi inkazimulo saphezulu lapho wehlela phezu sonke nangokunxusela abangcwele bonke. Yingakho umbala igolide has a zangokwasemuva zezinhlelo isithonjana, ukukhanya okukhulu kwaba ngoJesu, esikhanyisa nxazonke zakhe, nokubingelela yabangcwele noma izingubo ezifanayo kusukela uMariya uJesu. Lokhu, ngokusho abadwebi indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yobungcwele kugcizelela iqiniso lokuthi owezwe amagugu obungantengantengi okuphakade.

UbuKristu wanika umbala ophuzi kanye ukubaluleka ezithile abangokomfanekiso - lingamandla ophakeme yezingelosi. Abanye abacwaningi banomuzwa wokuthi limane nje esikhundleni igolide.

Ngisho kwamanje, singakwenza zinombono ukuthi umbala omhlophe umele nobumsulwa nobumsulwa. Lokhu okuthiwa iqhaza emhlabeni saphezulu ephakeme, ngakho izingubo zikaJesu, futhi bonke abantu abalungile ku ngokuphelele iyiphi isithonjana noma njengendlela KaMose esibonisa emhlophe. Isibonelo okunothando kakhulu kule ndaba ingoma "The Last Judgment."

Okuphambene ephelele umbala omhlophe omnyama, ngakho ukubaluleka kwalo futhi okuphambene - kuba ibanga esiphezulu ovela eNkosini, ukuzibandakanya esihogweni, noma emnyama ungakwazi zifanekisela ukudabuka, usizi nokudabuka.

abaculi Blue wazama ukudlulisela ubumsulwa nokulunga, + ngakho-ke libizwa umbala Virgin.

Red njalo kuvezwa umuntu unamandla amakhulu okusika. Red umbala inkosi, ngakho wawulotshwe ingubo enjalo Arhangela Mihaila, okwakuthiwa umholi lwebandla lasezulwini, kanye St George, owayenguyise owawina inyoka. Kodwa inhlamvu babefana ezingaphezu kwesisodwa incazelo, ngakho kungasho ngisho nokufel 'ukholo noma ukuhlawulela igazi.

Ngokuvamile ezitholakala upende oluhlaza isithonjana, ngoba kuze kube yilolu suku uphawu lokuphila okuphakade, yokuqhuma okuphakade. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuthi kuchasiselwe umbala uMoya oNgcwele.

Ukushukuma e imifanekiso

Zonke abaculi igcile protagonists nangezandla zabo ngezithombe yamatshe. izithombe zobuKristu - ingxoxo ngale ndaba wathatha izazi isikhathi esiningi, ngakho zingathinti nje imibala ukuthi, kodwa futhi ukuthinta, incazelo sabo esingokomoya futhi kungcwele.

Ngokwesibonelo, uma isandla ecindezelwe esifubeni ke njalo yayisho yozwela. Uma siphakeme, kwaba ucingo buthule noma ikholi ekuphendukeni. Uma isandla uvezwa eyeluliwe, nge entendeni evulekile, bese lolu hlobo kokulalela nokuzithoba. Uma izingalo welulela phambili futhi kwenza kancane, kungaba Nginxuseleni emhlabeni, usizo, noma sokwamukela isicelo.

Uma zombili izandla bezama ezihlathini zakhe, khona-ke kwakusho ukuthi umuntu ahlangabezana usizi nokudabuka. ukuthinta Zinjalo ezivamile, kodwa yebo, ziningi ezinye echaza ngezinye izikhathi kakhulu impela kunzima ochwepheshe ngisho abanolwazi.

UbuKristu art kakhulu ebucayi ngisho nezinto eziboniswe ezandleni izithonjana abalingiswa. Ngokwesibonelo, umphostoli uPawulu luvamise iVangeli esandleni. Kakhulu kangakanani livame ukuveza nge nkemba esandleni sakhe, owawufanekisela iZwi likaNkulunkulu. Kuningi uPetru libhekene neqiniso lokuthi wayeseholela kuvezwa nge izinkinobho ezandleni zombuso kaNkulunkulu. Izitshalo - izimpawu kobuKristu art - kubuye lalivamile, ngakho 'ukholo uvezwa igatsha entendeni, ngoba iwuphawu okuqondene embusweni wezulu. The Prophet ngokuvamile zazigcinwa ezandleni imiqulu iziprofetho zabo.

isithonjana ulimi

Art kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa ubuKristu "ukuqhubeka" iVangeli. Zonke ukuthinta, izinto nemibala evelayo isithonjana, nobunye ububanzi engachazeki namandla lukhipha. Lolu hlobo imifanekiso ulimi, esingavika bemiswa amakhosi esikhathini esidlule, ngizama amazwibela ekujuleni umphefumulo womuntu futhi uzindle ngalokho okushiwo okuyimfihlakalo ukholo lobuKristu. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, kwakunenkolelo yokuthi amehlo - nesibuko komphefumulo, ukuze abaculi ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa.

Kunalokho kufanele kube nezinhlamvu zabo bazwakale zingabantu ngokuqondile obuhlanekezela wacondza ubuso, okwenza iso ngaphezulu. Ngokusho kwabo, ngaleyo ndlela kuyomane nje ukugxila amehlo, futhi izilaleli bazizwe soulful ngaphezulu.

Izinguquko ubuso image yabangcwele

Kakade kusukela ngekhulu le-15, e Rublevskie izikhathi, lo mkhuba wanqamuka. Kodwa, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amehlo bachazwa abaculi akuzona emikhulu futhi languid Basaba ikhokhwe ngempela isikhathi esiningi nokunakwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye kwaba ezintsha eziningana. Ngokwesibonelo, Feofan Grek ukuboniswa abangcwele imifanekiso yabo nezinyawo iso ezingenalutho, noma umane ngamehlo ami ivaliwe. Ngale ndlela, wazama ukubonisa ukuthi amehlo yabangcwele uye wagxila hhayi njalo nenhlalakahle zezwe, kodwa nokucabanga kwezwe ephakeme, umthandazo kwangaphakathi, babebonakala uqaphele iqiniso laphezulu.

Izibalo yabangcwele kuzithonjana kanye yamatshe

Wonke umuntu ebuka isithonjana, waphawula ukuthi yena ukuthi abangcwele wabheka nabanye ukukhanya kakhulu, sengathi sintanta emoyeni. A nomphumela ofanayo yafinyelelwa ngabaculi ngoba emelelwa sibalo ongcwele ngaphansi obukhulu kunabo bonke abanye, bahlehla nemnogosloyno yabo, nge yinde ngokukhethekile sendlala.

A inqubo esifanayo ukudala kumbuki umbono ukudlala kanye nokuntuleka physicality imizimba zabangcwele, ukunqoba bulkiness yabo. Njengoba kuhlelwa, lokhu kwaholela yokuthi babebonakala hambisa ngaphezu komhlabathi, nokunye okunjalo kufanele kube inkulumo ngqo isimo siguqulwe, kanye nengokomoya.

Isizinda isithonjana nencazelo yalo

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ingxenye eyinhloko esithombeni bekulokhu indoda, futhi ubuye ngemuva ezibalulekile sikhombisa ngemuva kuye lokho. Njengomthetho, abaculi kanye wazama ukubeka incazelo yalo abanye, kanjalo ekhuthaza abathandi lobuciko ukucatshangelwa omude imfihlakalo, bafuna ukuba adlulisele.

Izintaba evamise ukuboniswa, emakamelweni, izihlahla ahlukahlukene, okuyinto kwakha indlela yokwakheka landscape olunothile. Uma ugxumela kuwumfuziselo yakho konke lokhu, ezintabeni amelela indlela enzima futhi olunameva yomuntu ngoba iNkosi uNkulunkulu. Empeleni, ngamunye izithombe izihlahla wanika ukubaluleka yesibili. Kodwa, noma kunjalo, kulo i-oki, okuyinto kaningi ukuboniswa, bekulokhu uphawu lokuphila okuphakade. Vine futhi endishini ku ngemuva babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli Amatshwayo umhlatshelo wokusihlangula kaJesu Kristu, kodwa ijuba - uphawu ngoMoya oNgcwele.

Kumiswa umfanekiso ubuKristu

amakholwa abaningi bathi amasakramente ubuKristu zadalwa kusuka isiphithiphithi uqeda zobuqaba. Yingakho art abangamaKristu kuye ingakwazi ukuthola noma iyiphi ukuma iyunifomu. Kunjengokungathi kuwo kwadalwa kusukela izingcezu eziningi ezincane. Ezinye izinhlamvu athathwa kwenye inkolelo wamaqaba Islamic Art. Ngakho manje yobuciko medieval kungenziwa labizwa hhayi kuphela nemingcele ezifana eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga Yurophu, kodwa futhi nabanye abaningi. Umsebenzi wezandla wesikhathi nganoma iyiphi indlela ayikwazanga alahle ifa endala, kancane kancane waliguqula ku into entsha ngokuphelele. Imithombo isiko zenkolo kwezithombe ezingcwele abangu siphinde kithi emlandweni, ngenkathi ebumnyameni dokonstantinovoy. Phakathi prototypes, okuyinto zihlobene ngokuqondile le siko, ngokuthi isithombe kaKristu phezu Indwangu noma Mandylion obani walahleka isaka kweConstantinople ngo amabutho empi yenkolo yakhe. Ayikho ezingabalulekile kangako kuyindlela isithombe Our Lady, okuyinto kuthiwa wenziwa St Luke. Ubuqiniso lezi zithombe umbuzo omkhulu, kodwa, nokho, bajwayele ngempumelelo amakhulu amaningi eminyaka. UJesu uMariya ziboniswa ngendlela yayibizwa echazwe ezincwadini eziningi 'ukholo emakhulwini eminyaka adlule - e-anti-ubuKristu lo mKristu zobuciko ngokufanayo.