Mucolytics: uhlu imikhiqizo izingane kanye nabantu abadala

Ngezinye Ari, sivame phenomenon ezingemnandi, njengabo ukhwehlela. He is yizinto ezivamile ezikhathazayo futhi ecasulayo, nzima ukuphefumula futhi kunciphisa izinga lempilo. Ukuze udokotela, kubalulekile ukunquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo ukukhwehlela in iziguli: ezomile noma ezimanzi. Uhlobo lokuqala ubhekwa esiphikisayo elikhiqizayo futhi esibonakala ngokuqina nobunzima expectoration. Khwehlela ibizwa ngokuthi ithele futhi sifushanise ekululameni kwesiguli. Ukuthola nesineke uhlobo isifuba esomile lodokotela ngokuvamile linqume izidakamizwa okuyinto razzhizhzhayut viscous uketshezi lwamafinyila, kwakheka okuyinto kule ipheshana zokuphefumula. Ngenxa high density lokhu isikhwehlela isiguli nobunzima nge isikhwehlela noma expectoration.

Yiziphi mucolytics?

Ukuze ukusiza isiguli nge isifuba esomile, udokotela ngokuvamile linqume mucolytics. Uhlu imikhiqizo kufakwe leli qembu ngempela ebanzi. Ngu indlela ithonya emzimbeni womuntu le mithi kungaba zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu:

• izinto Mucoregulatory. Sinenkosi nethonya lemali ezikhishwe uketshezi lwamafinyila. Leli qembu kuhlanganisa corticosteroids, futhi karbotsistein M-holinoblokatory.
• Mukokinetiki - yizidakamizwa ngcono expectoration ka isikhwehlela. Lezi zihlanganisa ambroxol, bromhexine nokunye.
• Ngqo mucolytics. Lezi izinto ibe nomthelela ekubeni liquefaction ka mucin ngokunciphisa viscosity yayo. Ngu mucolytics zihlanganisa enzyme proteolytic, acetylcysteine, kanjalonjalo.

Abahlukahlukene izindlela liquefaction ka isikhwehlela

Uma sicabangela indlela lapho molecule mucopolysaccharides acid isikhwehlela uketshezi yomuntu zingadilizwa ngosizo izidakamizwa, nemizila ezimbili eziyinhloko kungaba avelele - kuyindlela enzyme futhi indlela non-enzymatic. Esimweni sokuqala, uketshezi sokudiliza amaprotheni zokuxhumana, nakwezinye - disulfide ukuxhumana ku-molecule isikhwehlela.

Ukwahlukanisa ingxenye esebenzayo eyinhloko

Konke lokhu izidakamizwa ehlangana ngokuvumelana ngamazwe ngezigaba kwemithi ATC ngaphansi ikhodi noma ATS R05CB «Mucolytics". Uhlu izithako ezinkulu asebenzayo futhi inikeza isiqu ethize nezinombolo:

• R05CB01 - acetylcysteine.
• R05CB02 - bromhexine.
• R05CB03 - karbotsistein.
• R05CB06 - ambroxol.
• R05CB10 - izidakamizwa nge ekwakhiweni ahlangene.
• R05CB13 - Dornase alfa (DNase).

Lokho izidakamizwa, mucolytics ayinikeze isiguli esithile, ukuzixazulula udokotela kuphela. Lokhu aphoyintimenti wayenza kuphela ngemva ahlolwe kahle emzimbeni, futhi zilandela imiphumela yalolu cwaningo abafanele. Ake sihlolisise ukuthi imfuyo ngayinye asebenzayo kuhlanganisiwe kunodokotela e R05CB iqembu.

Mucolytics nge acetylcysteine

Acetylcysteine ngempumelelo kusiza mncane lo isikhwehlela, ngakho kwahlanganiswa iqembu mucolytics. Uhlu izidakamizwa ngalolu ketshezi esebenzayo kuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene mayelana ezimbili kweshumi kwemithi amafomu. Acetylcysteine libhekene izindlela elandelayo yesenzo:

• It has ngo-molecule ayo esisheshayo sulfhydryl iqembu iphethini, okuyinto isinyathelo elimazayo mucopolysaccharides disulfide compounds ngenxa esibonakala ngokwanda isikhwehlela viscosity. Ngenxa yalokho, isikhwehlela is kuncibilike kanye excreted kusukela umzimba kalula.
• Lokhu kwaziswa kunomthelela wehlise umsebenzi futhi kunciphisa inani namagciwane abangela izifo okuyizinto mucosa kwezitho zokuphefumula.
• It has izakhiwo antioxidant. amaqembu Sulfhydryl basabela ngezinombolo ezizivelelayo mahhala futhi metabolites umoya-mpilo bese uyawasusa emzimbeni. Ngakho, acetylcysteine has isenzo antiinflammatory nomzimba ovobozhdaet kusukela ezinobuthi, kakhulu ekunciphiseni isimo lesiguli.

Kusukela amalungiselelo equkethe njengelisebenzayo izidakamizwa acetylcysteine, ingashiwo:

• "Mukobene" - amaphilisi; 100, 200 noma 600 mg.
• "Mukomist" - isixazululo e ampoules, 20% ngenxa oluhlelwe ngezihloko futhi ephefumula.
• "Mukoneks" ngesimo zithutha, 0.1 g ukulungiselela isiraphu.
• "Fluimucil" ngesimo zithutha, 100 kanye mg 200; Tablets ngoba fizzy isiphuzo, 600 mg.
• "ACC" ngesimo amaphilisi ukulungiselela isiphuzo effervescent - 100, 200, 600 mg; umjovo 300 mg / 3 ml ampoules; elimbudumbudu isixazululo e, 100, 200 mg.
• "Acetylcysteine" in ifomu powder, 200 mg; isixazululo umjovo, 10%; isixazululo ngalyatsy, 20%;
• "Atsestin" - I-Tablet kwezokuphatha yangaphakathi, 100, 200, 600 mg; Tablets ngoba fizzy isiphuzo, 200 kanye mg 600.

Acetylcysteine nezidakamizwa naye contraindicated ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-2 ubudala (futhi abanye - kuze kube engu-6 ubudala), abesifazane abakhulelwe kanye lactating, abantu esidalwa yizilonda emathunjini sibe nezifo zesisu esigabeni oyingozi. Ungezwa imiphumela emibi ezifana ikhanda, stomatitis, ukucobeka futhi tinnitus, akuvamile wabonakaliswa izinkinga zesisu, komzimba, tachycardia. Acetylcysteine ayikwazi iphuze imithi antitussive. Iphinde sithuthukisa umphumela nitroglycerin kuvimbela ukumuncwa kwama-antibiotic.

Mucolytics nge bromhexine

Ukuthaka imithi aqukethe yalolu ketshezi njengoba ingxenye esebenzayo, ngokuvamile inikezwa ukukhwehlela, futhi yamiswa njengoba mucolytics. Uhlu izidakamizwa kukhawulwe imikhiqizo ezinhlanu ezenza imithi. Uma emzimbeni womuntu, bromhexine ukuqhutshwa kanje:

• kwehlisa viscosity uketshezi bronchial ngu isikhwehlela polysaccharides depolarization;
• Kuvuselela amaseli mucosal bronchial okuyinto secrete polysaccharides uhlobo kokungathathi hlangothi;
• Akhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-surfactant;
• Uveza umphumela expectorant;
• kuvimbela reflex ukukhwehlela.

Amalungiselelo-mucolytics ezibalwe ngezansi aqukethe njengendlela eyinhloko esebenzayo isithako bromhexine. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• "Solvin" - isixazululo nokuphathwa kweBhange ngaphakathi, 4 mg / 5 ml; amaphilisi ukusetshenziswa temlomo, 8 mg.
• "Bromhexine" ngesimo isixazululo, 4 mg / 5 ml; isiraphu, 4 mg / 5 ml; amaphilisi 8 mg.

Izidakamizwa, mucolytics, equkethe bromhexine, kuthiwa contraindicated kubantu nge ukungabekezelelani ngabanye ukuba le ngxenye, kanye nezingane kuze iminyaka 6. Zingadala ukuqunjelwa, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ngokwahlukana anda umjuluko, ukuqubuka futhi bronchospasm. Abesifazane abakhulelwe lactating imithi nge bromhexine esimisiwe akuvamile.

Izidakamizwa nge carbocisteine

Lesi sidakamizwa nakho kufakwe "Mucolytics" iqembu. Uhlu izidakamizwa ne carbocisteine kuhlanganisa izinto ezingaba yishumi, kodwa zonke nomphumela ofanayo eyenza imithi:

• ukunciphisa okuqukethwe ukwanda hlangothi futhi esidi ukukhiqizwa kwe glycopeptides belethwa Ingxenye yabo evamile;
• ukunciphisa viscosity nokulungisa kuyaqina of isikhwehlela;
• kabusha mucosa umgudu wokuphefumula futhi ubuyisele isakhiwo salo esivamile;
• ukwandisa Isici wendawo ukumelana ethize lgA;
• kujwayeleke amaqembu Ukukhetha sulfigrilnyh;
• sandise inkonzo umsebenzi ciliated epithelium bronchial.

Isikhathi esining impela, iziguli babelwa mucolytics nje enjalo. Uhlu izidakamizwa amalungiselelo equkethe karbotsistein unikezwa ngezansi:

• "Libeksin Muko" ngesimo isiraphu, 50 mg / ml.
• "Mucodyne" ngesimo amaphilisi, 125 mg; isiraphu izingane 125 mg / 5 ml bese 250 mg / 5 ml.
• "Karbotsistein" isiraphu 250 mg / 5 ml bese 125 mg / 5 ml (izingane); Amaphilisi Abonayo, 375 mg.
• "Fluifort" ngesimo granules for ukumiswa, 2.7 mg; Isiraphu, 90 mg / l; isiraphu 2% (izingane) kanye 5%.

Karbotsisteinovye mucolytics, izidakamizwa kanye nemithi, ezichazwe ngenhla ngeke kuthathwe neqiniso wokuba yokungezwani komzimba ukuze ingxenye eyinhloko kanye peptic isilonda isifo, ukuphazamiseka kwe-funktsionirovaniyapochek evamile, glomerulonephritis ku-acute ifomu, cystitis, bekhulelwe nangenkathi bencelisa. Amalungiselelo ngesimo amaphilisi kuthiwa contraindicated izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-12, futhi ngesimo isiraphu - kuze kube iminyaka engu-2. Izidakamizwa, mucolytics Khwehlela karbotsisteina based kungaba sporovotsirovat rastrojstva ukugaya kanye ukubonakaliswa nomzimba.

Izidakamizwa nge ambroxol

Le mithi kukhona ethandwa kakhulu phakathi iziguli. Ambroxol has miphumela elandelayo emzimbeni womuntu:

• Kunciphisa Inkomba viscosity kanye adhesion isikhwehlela;
• kusiza ukudedelwa isikhwehlela kusukela yomoya;
• Kuvuselela amaseli serous we mucosa bronchial ijwabu yezindlala;
• It ezizokhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana enzyme elulaza nokwakheka polysaccharides ka isikhwehlela;
• ligqugquzela ukukhiqizwa kwe surfactant;
• It kuvusa cilia ze- bronchi futhi lubasize bagweme ukuhlala ndawonye.

Ngenxa isinyathelo lezi zici ambrokola wawuhlanganisiwe iqembu "Mucolytics". Uhlu izidakamizwa equkethe lokhu ingxenye lisabalele. Nazi izidakamizwa ezivamile nge ambroxol:

• "Mucosolvan" - lozenges, 20 mg; pastilles 15 mg; isixazululo, 7.5 mg / ml; isiraphu 15 no-30 mg / 5 ml; amaphilisi, 30 mg.
• "Haliksol" - ngesimo isiraphu, 30 mg / ml kanye amaphilisi 10, 30 mg.
• "Maddox" - ngesimo isiraphu, 15 mg / 5 ml kanye nezibhebhe, 30 mg.
• "Deflegmin" - ngesimo amathonsi kwezokuphatha temlomo, amaphilisi kanye 0.75%, 30 mg;
• "Suprema-Cof" - ngesimo amaphilisi, 30 mg.
• "Mukobron" ifomu Lokudlulisa amaphilisi, 30 mg.
• "Drops Bronhovern" - isixazululo nokuphathwa kweBhange ngaphakathi, 7.5 mg / ml.
• "Ambrobene" - ngesimo amaphilisi, 75 mg; isixazululo umjovo, 7.5 mg / ml; isiraphu, 15 mg / 5 ml; amaphilisi, 30 mg.
• "Ambrogeksal" - ngesimo amaphilisi, 75 mg; isixazululo inhalation futhi ukungenisa, 7.5 mg / ml; isiraphu 3 kanye no-6 mg / ml kanye nezibhebhe, 30 mg.
• "Ambroxol" - ngesimo isiraphu, 3 kanye no-6 mg / ml; amaphilisi, amaphilisi, 30 mg kanye 75 mg.
• "Ambrolap" - ngesimo amaphilisi, 75 mg; isiraphu, 15 mg / 5 ml; amaphilisi, 30 mg; rastvoa for reception zasendlini kanye ephefumula, 7.5 mg / ml.
• "Ambrosan" - ngesimo amaphilisi, 30 mg.
• "Ambrosol" - njengoba isiraphu 0.3 futhi 0.6 g / 100 ml.
• "Remebroks" -ukuba akha isiraphu 30 mg / 5 ml.
• "Ambrotard 75" ifomu Lokudlulisa amaphilisi, 75 mg.
• "Flavamed" - ngesimo isixazululo kwezokuphatha temlomo, 15 mg / 5 ml kanye nezibhebhe, 30 mg.
• "Bronhoval" - Tablets, 30 mg; Isiraphu, 15 mg / 5 ml.

Kuye ngendlela ukukhululwa zomuthi, kukhona contraindications yokwamukela ngesisekelo imithi ambroxol. amalungiselelo anjalo, mucolytics izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka 2 ofanele kuphela uma umthamo we ketshezi esebenzayo ingeqi 3 mg / ml, ngokuvamile isiraphu noma isixazululo. Izibhebhe ayikwazi neziphuzo iziguli ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-iminyaka 6, capsule - kuze kube iminyaka engu-14. Futhi, uma isiguli wena hypersensitive ukuba ambroxol, idatha mucolytics alinakunikezwa. Phakathi imiphumela emibi izidakamizwa - ukuqunjelwa, kukhuphuke ukuhlukana isikhwehlela acinene, nobunzima ukuchama, nokungezwani komzimba nezinto. Lapho sokukhulelwa ngokuvamile ambroksol hhayi zinikwa senyanga yokuqala, futhi ngolunye usuku - kuphela iseluleko kadokotela.

Ukwakheka Mucolytics kuhlanganiswe

Lezi imithi aqukethe eziningana izinto ezahlukene ngeKukhuluma isenzo, okunikeza liquefaction ka isikhwehlela, ngakho elahlanganiswa typology "Mucolytics". Lapho esomile ukukhwehlela uhlu nemithi oyinikezwe udokotela ohlwini ngaphambilini ezichazwe kulesi sihloko, kungenziwa kulekelelwa imithi ezilandelayo:

• "Sinupret" - kusho izingxenye simila. Uqukethe ingxenye impande gentian, izimbali primrose futhi elderberry imbiza Sorrel futhi vervain. Ukulungiswa senziwa ngesimo amaphilisi noma isixazululo utshwala. asebenzayo izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kusiza osenyameni ephumelelayo isikhwehlela kusukela sinuses kanye engenhla ipheshana zokuphefumula. I ukwakhiwa ezimbili awukwazi ukuthatha izingane kuze kube engu-6 ubudala kanye nabantu lactase ukuntuleka kwamavithamini, ukungezwani kanye khona yokungezwani komzimba ukuze imithi izingxenye.
• "Rinikold Broncho" - ukulungiselela okuyinto sihlanganisa izingxenye ezintathu ezisemqoka: ambroxol (15 mg), chlorphenamine (2 mg), phenylephrine (5 mg) kanye guaifenesin (100 mg). Ngenxa yalokho ngokulunywa ngale viscosity isiraphu incipha isikhwehlela kule bronchi, expectoration kulula, aqede Ukubhidliza, ukulunywa samehlo ekhaleni, kunciphe ukuvuvukala kanye ububomvu ijwabu lwamafinyila umgudu wokuphefumula. Umuthi is contraindicated ku zibe, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, umfutho ophakeme wegazi, isifo sikashukela, i-hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma, ukufiphala kwamehlo ivaliwe-hlobo, esiswini, wendlala adenoma, ukuntula glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, nokukhulelwa kanye lactation, izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka 6 ubudala iguliswa izingxenye. Anikwazi ukuphuza lo isiraphu nge betaadrenoblokatorami, tricyclic antidepressant zilwane, mao inhibitor nezidakamizwa eliqukethe ketshezi ezisebenzayo ezifanayo "Broncho Rinikold".

Ribonuclease ukwelapha ukukhwehlela ezomile

Ngokuvamile ebekwe odokotela mucolytics nge isifuba esomile uhlu okuyinto yethulwa ekuqaleni, singasho sithi izidakamizwa bendabuko futhi ihlolwe ngu isikhathi. Brand indlela entsha nezanamuhla ukususa isikhwehlela viscous kule ipheshana zokuphefumula - ukusetshenziswa ribonuclease noma dornase alfa. Le into iwumkhiqizo izakhi, i Analogue of enzyme angokwemvelo obhekene cleavage DNA extracellular.

Ephambi kwezinduna cystic fibrosis e isiguli, okuyinto libhekene inqubo esijulile ezithathelwanayo, zemali ubovu uketshezi nge viscosity okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, iziguli kahle umsebenzi zokuphefumula. Ngo ubovu uketshezi in inqwaba iqukethe DNA extracellular. Lezi zinhlayiya zikhishwa kusukela leukocyte ezibolile ekhiqizwa njengento esetshenziswayo impendulo ukutheleleka futhi ube viscosity okusezingeni eliphezulu. uhlaba Ribonuclease DNA hydrolytic ngu phlegm ne isikhwehlela okuholela kuncibilike.

Dornase alfa liyingxenye "Pulmozyme" izidakamizwa, okuyinto kuveza ngesimo isixazululo inhalation. Active daba okuqukethwe - 2.5 mg / 2.5 ml. Lesi sidakamizwa iye yasetshenziswa ngempumelelo ezine-cystic fibrosis futhi ezingalapheki izifo yamaphaphu obstructive: bronchiectasis ukugula, COPD, kombungu esizalweni ezinganeni, i-pneumonia, izilonda zokuphefumula immunodifitsitnogo uhlamvu.

Izimo "Pulmozim" kancane. Umuthi akufanele elibekelwe abesifazane abakhulelwe kanye lactating nezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5. Imiphumela engemihle ekwelapheni leli thuluzi awatholatholakali futhi kungenzeka njengoba wegazi lymphocytic amafomu acute igazi aplastic, isifo sokuwa, migraine, conjunctivitis, disequilibrium, tachycardia, ukuboshwa inhliziyo, bradycardia, inyumoniya, bronchospasm, iziyaluyalu wokugaya ukudla, dermatitis nomzimba, edema angioneurotic, iziyaluyalu nenkathi yokukhulelwa nokubeletha, ubuhlungu besifuba, ubuthakathaka.

Waphatha ngokushesha futhi ngendlela efanele

Lesi sihloko yabukezwa lo mbuzo: "Yini izidakamizwa - mucolytics?" Uhlu izidakamizwa ezivame kakhulu kuleli qembu owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ngokukhethekile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, umthamo yayo, kanye nezincomo kuze kuphele isikhathi imithi oyinikiwe kanye nokwenzeka esikhundleni Analogue izidakamizwa - lezi zinto kukhona wemfanelo nochwepheshe wezokwelapha kuphela ngemva kokutshelwa ngokukhubazeka kwengane ngokuphelele nesineke. Ukuzelapha kulesi simo kungase kungabi kuphela akuzuzisi, kodwa futhi wakwazi ukubangela imiphumela ezingalindelekile kusukela imiphumela emibi izidakamizwa ekuthuthukiseni nezifo ezingamahlala khona. Ngakho-ke, ukuba khona izimpawu isifo ungalibali Ukuvakashela udokotela. Hlala uphilile!